Micro Biology Unit 3 PCC – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Prokaryotes |
answer
| Lack a true membrane-bound nucleus Include Bacteria. |
question
| Eukaryotes |
answer
| True nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
question
| Opportunistic Infections |
answer
| Normal flora gone bad ie. Staph epi |
question
| Peptidoglycan |
answer
| Found only in the cell walls of bacteria. Transpeptidases link peptidoglycan polymers by amino acid side chains. |
question
| PBP |
answer
| Penicillin binding protein Transpeptidases that link peptidoglycans Attachment of penicillin to the PBPs in the cell wall interferes with construction of cell wall. |
question
| Gram Positive Cell Walls |
answer
| Very thick peptidoglycan layer. |
question
| Protoplast |
answer
| Loss of peptidoglycan in a Gram Positive cell results in the formation of a protoplast. Prone to bursting. |
question
| Gram Negative Cell Walls |
answer
| Thin peptidoglycan layer Has a periplasmic space |
question
| Spheroplast |
answer
| Formed from the loss of peptidoglycan layer in a Gram negative cell. |
question
| Periplasmic Space |
answer
| An active metabolic area. Contains: 1. Digestive enzymes 2. Proteins that facilitate transport of materials into and out of the cell. 3. Buffers that protect the cytoplasm from osmotic flux in the environment. 4. Enzymes (heat shock proteins, chaperones, hydrolases, proteases, etc. 5. Exotoxins and other virulence factors that may be released into the surrounding area. |
question
| Outer Membrane |
answer
| found only in gram negative bacteria has 2 layers |
question
| Inner layer of outer membrane |
answer
| similar to cell membrane |
question
| Outer layer of outer membrane |
answer
| Part of Gram negative OM that makes it unique from all other organisms because it contains LPS molecules.. |
question
| LPS |
answer
| Lippopolysaccharide 3 Parts Lipid A Core Polysaccharide O antigen |
question
| Lipid A |
answer
| Endotoxin! |
question
| Endotoxic shock |
answer
| septic shock Caused from large release of LPS resulting in an overwhelming immune response. Largely due to Lipid A, often deadly. 20% of patients with septicemia. |
question
| Shwartzman Phenomenon |
answer
| Occurs after a second encounter with large amounts of endotoxin Results in tissue necrosis and damage. |
question
| Mycobacterium |
answer
| Waxy coat ie. tubercuulosis, leprae |
question
| Mycoplasma species |
answer
| ie. pneumoniae lack a cell wall |
question
| Flagella |
answer
| Fillament "tail" providing movement |
question
| Monotrichous |
answer
| Single flagellum |
question
| Amphitrichous |
answer
| Flagella on both ends |
question
| Fimbriae |
answer
| "pili" Adhere to host tissue |
question
| F pili |
answer
| "sex pili" Present only on F+ cells Allows one way cell to cell transfer of DNA. |
question
| Capsule |
answer
| "slime layer" Allows survival under extreme conditions |
question
| Virulence Factor |
answer
| Adherence to host tissues Barrier to hydrophobic molecules Antiphagocytic |
question
| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
answer
| Virulent strains make capsules which protect cells from being phagocytosed and killed by PMN's |
question
| Plasmids |
answer
| Extrachromosomal circular DNA Can replicate independently of the Chromosome Not essential for survival, provides "selective advantage" |
question
| Endospores |
answer
| Bacterial spores Produced by some Gr+ species Most resistant life form, able to survive extreme conditions. Protect chromosomal DNA |
question
| Obligate aerobe |
answer
| Requires O2 |
question
| Obligate anaerobe |
answer
| O2 is toxic |
question
| Facultative anaerobe |
answer
| Grow with or without O2 |
question
| Psychrophile |
answer
| Prefer cold environments |
question
| Psychrotroph |
answer
| Mesophile that can survive in cold temps |
question
| Mesophile |
answer
| Enjoys moderate temperatures |
question
| thermophile |
answer
| Best in very warm or hot temeratures |
question
| Thermoduric |
answer
| Able to survive in warm/hot temperatures |
question
| Lag Phase |
answer
| First phase of bacterial growth Occurs when bacteria are first inoculated. |
question
| Log phase |
answer
| Cells are dividing regularly at a constant rate. |
question
| Stationary phase |
answer
| Reproducing at the same rate other cells are dying |
question
| Death phase |
answer
| cells are dying faster than they are being produced. |
question
| Transposons |
answer
| "Jumping Genes" DNA that can travel from one place on a chromosome to another place. |
question
| Sporulation |
answer
| The making of endospores by G+ species |
question
| Germination |
answer
| Species exiting endospore state |
question
| DNA repair mechanism |
answer
| Bacteria can repair minor damage to DNA |
question
| F Plasmid |
answer
| Fertility factor Instructions to make F-Pillis and send a copy of plasmid DNA to another bacterial cell |
question
| Transposons |
answer
| Jumping genes DNA that can travel from one place on a chromosome to another place. Travel to a plasmid and back to the chromosome. |
question
| Transformation |
answer
| Dead cells "naked" DNA picked up by other bacteria and incorporated. |
question
| Conjugation |
answer
| One way transfer directly from one bacteria to another. Uses F pillus (sex pillus) |
question
| Transduction |
answer
| Bacteria infected by a virus. |
question
| Bacteriophage |
answer
| Phage Virus that targets bacteria. |
question
| Lysogenic viruses |
answer
| Temperate viruses Replicate with the host chromosome for many generations |
question
| Lysogeny |
answer
| Many bacteria only release harmful toxins after they are lysogenized. |
question
| C3a |
answer
| Inflamation |
question
| C3b |
answer
| Opsinization |
question
| C5a |
answer
| Chemotaxis |
question
| Catalase + |
answer
| Catalase test result indicating staphylococcus |
question
| Capsule |
answer
| Slime layer associated with virulence, protection, and adherance. A characteristic of Staff aureus |
question
| Protien A |
answer
| Coats most Staff aureus sstrains. Prevents antibody-mediated clearance Repeals macrophages Binds compllement |
question
| Coagulase |
answer
| Clumping factor toxins Associated with Staff aureus clump together and wall itself off |
question
| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
answer
| Normal flora on skin Forms biofilm on catheters, shunts, or any other synthetic material in the body |
question
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
answer
| Common case of UTI's (urinary tract infection) |
question
| Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome |
answer
| SSSS AKA Ritters disease Caused by toxins |
question
| Staphylococcal Food Poisoning |
answer
| Most Common Food Poisoning Due to intoxication by an enterotoxin Heat stable toxin |
question
| Coagulase positive staphylococcal infections |
answer
| due to actual infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Furuncles, Carbuncles, and wound infections |
question
| Bacteremia |
answer
| Bacteria in blood. |
question
| Janeway lesions |
answer
| Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis |
question
| Staphylococcal Pneumonia |
answer
| Not common! |
question
| Empyema |
answer
| Walled off area of consolidation. Pus in lung |
question
| Osteomyelitis |
answer
| Infection of the bone |
question
| Septic Arthritis |
answer
| arthritis due to infection Mechanically abnormal joints Patients with prosthetic joints |
question
| Endocarditis |
answer
| S. epidermidis may colonize heart valves that are damaged. |
question
| Staphylococcus sapropphyticus |
answer
| UTI especially in sexually active young women. |
question
| CA-MRSA |
answer
| community aquired MRSA. kills white blood cells, more dangerous. Severe skin and soft tissue infections |
question
| Streptococcus |
answer
| Gram + cocci |
question
| Beta hemolysis |
answer
| complete hemolysis, strep |
question
| alpha hemolysis |
answer
| incomplete hemolysis |
question
| Omega hemolysis |
answer
| no hemolysis |
question
| Normal Viridans Strep mutans |
answer
| Dental |
question
| M proteins |
answer
| Specific cell-wall protein found in virulent streptococcus Inhibits phagocytosis |
question
| Tampon toxic shock caused by |
answer
| Staph |
question
| C5a peptidase |
answer
| degrades complement molecule.. Reduces chemotaxis and activation of inflamatory cells |
question
| Pharyngitis |
answer
| strep throat |
question
| Streptococcus pyogenes |
answer
| causes strep throat and scarlet fever |
question
| Scarlet fever |
answer
| complication of streptococcal pharyngitis. sunburn like rash |
question
| Necrotizing fasciitis |
answer
| streptococcal gangrene flesh eating bacteria, strains of strepp pyogenes (group A strep) |
question
| Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) |
answer
| includes bacterimia and necrotizing fasciitiis |
question
| Rheumatic Fever |
answer
| Aschoff bodies are lesions in Heart Tissue. Dammage heart valve. |
question
| Sydneham's chorea |
answer
| involuntary, purposeless contractions of the muscles of the trunk, extremeties, face. Caused by rheumatic fever |
question
| Acute glomerulonephritis |
answer
| Complication of a prior Strep Pyogenes pharyngeal or cutaneous infection elsewehre in body |
question
| Group B strep |
answer
| Cause of puerperal sepsis Most common cause of meningitis, septicimia, and infectious death in newborns |
question
| Viridans streprococci |
answer
| Not on skin! |
question
| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
answer
| opportunistic Encapsulated strains produce alpha hemolysis Nonencapsulated are nonvirulent |
question
| Secretory IgA protease |
answer
| Cleaves IgA found in mucous gains access to lower respiratory tract. |
question
| Strep pneumoniae |
answer
| found in throat and nasopharynx of normal healthy people. Non encapsulated |
question
| Pneumococcal Meningitis |
answer
| Strep pneumonia is a major cause in adults and children |
question
| Enterococcus |
answer
| Normal flora of human gut. Preciously Group D strep Able to grow in bile Resistent to all known antibiotics. |
