Mic 230 – Microbiology Answers – Flashcards
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Unlock answersBeadle and Tatum won the nobel prize for what? when? what org? |
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Lederburg and Tatum discover what? when? in what org? |
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genome? gene codon operon? |
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Gene structure in order from start to finish? 7 things |
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Operan structure contains many? |
ORF's |
3 components of a nucleotide? |
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pyrimidine bases purine bases |
pyr - CTU Pur - GA |
what is the difference between Deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA? |
ribose in RNA has a OH group on the 2' carbon |
fxn of major and minor groove? |
major - makes bps visible to extracellular proteins to detect sequence minor - RNA pol binds to it |
what style is DNA replicated in? |
semi-conservative - two strands seperate and make two identical double helix strands |
where does replication start? |
origin |
key enzymes fxn: DNA polymerase Ligase Helicase single stranded binding proteins Primase |
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RNA polymerase |
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role of sigma factor in transcription? ; |
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aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
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steps in translation? |
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what are introns located in? |
DNA and priimary RNA removed in mature mRNA |
3 substitution mutations |
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3 other mutations? |
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2 ;causes of mutation |
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3 types of induced mutagens? |
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3 repair mechanisms of damaged DNA: photoreactivation; excision repair; SOS repair |
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auxotroph? |
mutant that is deficient in the biosynthesis of an essential metabolite |
replica plating procedure? 5 steps |
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what does the Ames test test for? method? |
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Homologous recombination site-specific recombination? |
HR - requires long regions of homology and the RecA protein. single or double strand can be exchanged. Site Sp - requires only a short region of homology and doesnt need the RecA protein. |
3 types of gene transfer? |
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transformation is? discovered with what exp? when? |
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what is the transforming factor? |
The DNA responsible for transformation |
steps of transformation? |
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How can bacteria become artificially induced to transform and become competent? |
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benefits of transformation? |
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conjugation is? discovered by? when? where? in? |
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plasmid? structure? |
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replication of Plasmid? 2 types
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4 types of plasmids? |
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how to name plasmids? |
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steps of conjugation? |
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steps of Hfr Conjugation? |
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f-plasmid conjugation |
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benefits tools of comjugation? |
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what is a virus? |
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how were viruses discovered? fist one? |
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what are viruses made of?; |
DNA and proteins |
What kind of genetic material can be present in a virus? |
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capsid structure? |
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Virus envelope structure? |
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lytic cycle steps |
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steps of lysogenic cycle |
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retroviruses structure and function?; |
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what kind of virus is SARS? |
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viroid? prion? |
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steps of generalized transduction? |
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steps of specialized transduction? rare event? |
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characteristics of generalized and specialized tduction on chart |
restriction enzymes? how are they named? |
recognize a 6bp sequence that they cut at to create sticky ends ; name by first letter in genus and first two letters in species E. coli = Eco RI |
DNA ligase role? |
covalently bind 3 bp sticky end sequences when they line up |
4 types of vectors? |
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what did YAC's allow us to do? |
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steps in cloning a gene? |
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steps of PCR? |
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applications of recombinant DNA technology? |
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