MGT 411 Exam 1 Study Guide – Flashcards
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The basic tenet of the contingency approach to leadership was that
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behavior effective in some circumstances might be ineffective under different conditions
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Which of the following is stated by the contingency approach to leadership?
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Path-Goal Leadership Model The contingencies most important to leadership as are the situation and followers. The nature of followers has also been identified as a key contingency. Thus, the needs, maturity, and cohesiveness of followers make a significant difference to the best style of leadership.
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The qualities needed for effective leadership are the same as those needed to be an effective follower (T/F)
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True
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Jessica heads the software team of Allen Inc. She maintains an exclusive relationship with each team member. She has one-on-one interactions with her subordinates and does not use a common approach for all her team members. In the given scenario, Jessica follows which type of leadership to execute her role as an effective leader?
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individualized leadership
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Emma works as the general manager of Hazel Inc., an apparel manufacturer. Her daily routine involves setting goals and creating plans. She controls her subordinates using the power inherent in her position. She is very knowledgeable and is able to communicate her company's vision to her followers. This information indicates that Emma is most likely a(n):
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Operational approach
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In the evolution of leadership theories, which Era brought a focus on diversity, teams, empowerment and horizontal relationships?
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Era 3
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The difference between the basic people-oriented vs. task-oriented styles in chapter 2 and the contingency approach in chapter 3 is that the contingency approach factors in ___________ and ____________.
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followers; situation
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Which of the following describes the "new reality" for leaders?
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All of the following change is constant need for speed be global/think local disruptive technology from hero to humble
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What are "hard" management skills?
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Organizing Directing Monitoring Reporting
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What are "soft" management skills?
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creating a culture inspiring people setting a vision
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The contingencies most important to leadership are the situation and followers. (T/F)
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True
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Which of the following situations indicates a leader acting as a facilitator in decision making?
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A leader defining the problem to be solved and the boundaries within which the decision must be made.
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Paul heads the marketing team of Jade Inc. The organization is conducting a marathon for the public to spread awareness of cancer. Joey is a proficient employee on Paul's team, and he has been spending most of his time organizing the event. Joey has an immediate deadline, but instead of completing his task, he engages in getting volunteers, making phone calls, and using social networking sites to promote the event. According to the situational theory of leadership, Paul should ideally apply which type of leadership style to improve the situation on his team?
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Participating leader style
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Potential leaders can be derailed due to a number of fatal flaws. Which of the following flaws would explain a failure when a top sales person was moved to a general manager position?
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Too narrow management experience
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What is the main reason successful leaders can go off track?
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Poor soft skills
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Leaders at all levels need some degree of optimism to see possibilities and rally people around a vision for a better tomorrow. (T/F)
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True
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An important aspect of leadership is
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influencing others to come together around a common vision
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Which of the following statements is true of self-confidence?
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It includes knowing and trusting in oneself. Leaders who know themselves develop self-confidence, which is general assurance in one's own judgments, decision making, ideas, and capabilities. Self-confidence doesn't mean being arrogant and prideful but rather knowing and trusting in oneself
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Assurance in one's own judgments, decision making, ideas, and capabilities is referred to as
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Self-confidence
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According to the situational theory of leadership, a _____ can be effective when followers have the necessary education, skills, and experience but might be insecure in their abilities and need some encouragement from the leader.
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Supporting leadership style
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Leadership involves maintaining the status quo, not creating change. (T/F)
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False
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Which of the following statements is true of Leadership Era 4?
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This era requires the full scope of leadership that goes beyond rational management or team leadership Leadership Era 4 is the era of the agile leader who has made the leap to giving up control in the traditional sense. This era requires the full scope of leadership that goes far beyond rational management or even team leadership
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Leadership is defined as an ____________ relationship among leaders and __________.
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influence;followers
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Reese is the managing director of IOD Inc. She makes all the important decisions for the organization without consulting her employees. She arbitrarily fixes the incentives and other benefits. She pressures her employees to meet unfair productivity targets. This indicates that Reese is a(n):
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Autocratic
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Participative management encourages managers to direct and control employees. (T/F)
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False
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The basic idea of Fielder's contingency model is to
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To match the leadership style with the situation most favorable for his or her success
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Mandy heads the sales team of Cobblestone Corp. She assists her subordinates by explaining how they can gain just rewards for their efforts. She helps them identify their strengths. She also suggests behaviors that will enable them to accomplish tasks and meet targets in the context of the path-goal theory, this scenario indicates that Mandy is:
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clarifying the way to rewards for her subordinates.
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When a leader understand himself or herself and overcomes blind spots, it
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becomes easier to understand and interact effectively with others
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Which of the following is the biggest benefit of leadership coaching reported by followers?
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Getting clear, direct feedback
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Personal Sources of Managing Up
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knowledge, skills expertise effort persuasion
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Position Sources of Managing Up
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visible position flow of information central location network of relationships
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A leader can enhance the abilities and contributions of followers by?
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offering clarity of direction
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Which of the following is a personal source of upwards influence?
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knowledge and skills
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To influence the leader-follower relationship, effective followers should?
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study the leaders preferred work style
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Leaders want followers who?
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are positive and self-motivated
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Which type of follower uses whatever style best benefits his or her position and minimizes risk?
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pragmatic survivor
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5 Dysfunctions of a team
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absence of trust fear of conflict lack of commitment accountability inattention to results
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Max is a team leader who fins that his team members fear conflict. Due to this dysfunction in the team, the members?
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go along with other for the sake of harmony
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Which of the following common team dysfunctions results in people engaging in fingering pointing when things go wrong?
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Avoidance of Accountability
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Lack of trust
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people don't feel safe to reveal mistakes, share concerns or express ideas
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Fear of conflict
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People go along with others for the sake of harmony, the do not express conflicts opinions
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Lack of commitment
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people can't truly commit to decisions because they haven't contributed their true opinions and ideas
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Avoidance of Accountability
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People don't accept responsibility for outcomes, results in finger-pointing when things go wrong.
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Inattention to results
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Members put personal ambition or the needs of their individual departments ahead of the collective results.
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At which stage of team development has conflict been resolved and team unity and harmony emerge?
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norming
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Which of the following statement is true of a high-performing team?
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its team members need clear metrics
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What are the 5 stages of team development?
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forming storming norming performing adjourning
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What happens in the forming stage?
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leader: facilitates interaction orientation/ice-breaking
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What happens in the storming stage?
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leader: encourages participation conflict/disagreement
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What happens in the norming stage?
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leader: emphasizes openness order and cohesion is established
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What happens in the performing stage?
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leader: facilitates cooperation/ problem solving
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What happens in the adjourning stage?
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leader: acknowledge/award task completed
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People who adopt a socioemotional role in a team?
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are warm and receptive to others ideas
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Which of the following statements is true of virtual teams?
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Building trust is the biggest challenge faced by virtual team leaders
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Which style of conflict handling reflects a moderate amount of both assertiveness and cooperativeness?
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compromise
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The collaborating style of conflict handling in a team reflects?
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both a high degree of assertiveness and cooperativeness
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What are the components of Emotional Intelligence?
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Self-awareness Self-Management Social Awareness Relationship Management
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Self-awareness is
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The basis for all other EI components Trust your gut self confidence
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Self-management is
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Controlling emotions trustworthiness adaptability optimistic
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Social Awareness is
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empathy divergent views service orientation
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Relationship Management is
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connecting with others positive influence communication collaboration
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Emotional Intelligence
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the abilities to perceive, identify, understand and successfully manage emotions in self and others
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Personal Mastery
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embodying clarity of mind, objectives, and organizing to achieve objectives. Commit to the truth Have a clear vision Bridging the gap between vision and reality
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Systems Thinking
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The ability to see the interaction of the whole rather than just the separate elements of a system and to learn to reinforce or change whole system patterns.
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Global Mindset
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The ability of managers to appreciate and influence individuals, groups, organizations, and systems that represent different social, cultural , political, institutional, intellectual or psychological characteristics.
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Assumptions are
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part of a leader's mental model dangerous if accepted as truth questioning assumptions help leaders should be viewed as temporary what worked before may not work again
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Blindspots
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Characteristics or habits that people are not aware of or don't recognize as problems but which limit their effectiveness and hinder their career success
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What are the 5 Big Personality Dimensions?
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Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional stability Openness to experience
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Locus of Control
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Defines whether a person places the primary responsibility for what happens to him or her within himself/herself or on outside forces.
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Authoritarianism
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The belief that power and status difference should exist in an organization
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End Values
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beliefs about the kind of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue
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Instrumental values
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Beliefs about the types of behavior that are appropriate for reaching goals
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What are perceptual distortions?
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Stereotyping perceptual defense Halo effect Projections
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What is perceptual defense?
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the tendency to protect oneself by disregarding ideas, situations or people that are unpleasant (blind spots) Errors in judgement that arise from inaccuracies in the perceptual process
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What is projection?
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The tendency to see ones own personal traits in others
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What is stereotyping?
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The tendency to assign an individual to a broad category and then attribute generalizations about a group or individual
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The Halo Effect
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Overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic, either favorable or unfavorable.
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Agile leadership
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Giving up control in the traditional sense and encouraging the growth and development of others to ensure organizational flexibility and responsiveness
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What is an operational leadership role?
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a vertically oriented leadership role direct control over people and resources self confident assertive analytical
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What is collaborative leadership role?
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horizontal leadership works behind the scenes project managers, matrix managers, team leaders proactive, flexible, networkers
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What is an advisory leadership role?
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provides guidance and support legal, finance, HR ability to influence others, honest and integrity
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Autocratic leadership
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Centralizes authority driving power from position, control of rewards. Effective when the skill difference between the leader and subordinates is high.
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Democratic leadership
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Delegates encourages participation depends on subordinates
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Individualized leadership
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A leader that develops a unique relationship w each subordinate to determine how the leader behaves toward the member or how the member responds
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Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)
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Individualized model that explores how leader-member relationships develop over time and how the quality of exchange relationships affect outcomes
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Attributions
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Judgements about what caused a person's behavior--either characteristics of the person or situation
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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The tendency of underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and overestimating the influence of internal factors
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Self-Serving Bias
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The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors on one's successes and the influence of external factors on one's failures
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What is the Whole Brain Concept
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An approach that considers not only a person's preference for right-brained vs left-brained thinking, also conceptual vs experiential thinking. Identifies 4 quadrants of the brain related to different thinking styles
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What are the 4 quadrants of the Whole Brain Model?
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Upper left: Scientist Lower left: Manager Upper right: Artist Lower right: teacher
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What are the characteristics of Scientist?
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Logical Analytical Fact based Quantitative
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What are the characteristics of Artist?
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Holistic Intuitive Integrating Synthesizing
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What are the characteristics of Manager?
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Organized Sequential Planned Detailed
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What are the characteristics of Teacher?
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Interpersonal Feeling based Kinesthetic Emotional
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Vroom-Jago Contingency Model
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A contingency model that focuses on varying degrees of participative leadership and how each level of participation influences the quality and accountability of decisions
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4 important characteristics of Entrepreneurship
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Vision & dissatisfaction w the present Ability to get on board Flexibility, adapt, open to feedback persistence and executes
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Contingency approaches
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delineate the characteristics of situations and followers.
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Hersey & Blanchard
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Focuses on the characteristics of followers as the important element of the situation and determining effective leader behavior
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Fiedler's Contingency Model
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A model designed to diagnose whether a leader is task-oriented or relationship-oriented and match leader style to the situation
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What is supportive leadership?
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shows concern for subordinates friendly approachable team climate
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What is directive leader?
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tells subordinates exactly what they are supposed to do planning schedules goal setting stresses rules and regs
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What is participative leadership?
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consults with subordinates about decisions encourages participation
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Delegating Style
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reflects low concern for both tasks and relationships Very high readiness
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Participating Style
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High relationship concern and low task behavior High readiness
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Selling style
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High concern for relationship and task moderate readiness
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Telling style
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Directive approach high concern for tasks and low concern for relationship Low readiness
