Mgmt Info Systems Mid-term – Flashcards
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Which best defines the function of SQL in a database?
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It is the language relational databases use to create database objects and to manipulate and retrieve data
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When a primary key is repeated in a second table to make a relationship it is called:
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A foreign key
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Which of the following is the best way to begin identifying the topics of a database?
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Look at the project notes and identify all the nouns, then group them into themes
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A database entity can best be described as:
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Something the database is concerned with, for which data can be stored
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Which of the following is the best definition for a database attribute?
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Something that describes some part of an entity
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common functions of a relational database management system
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Providing for the creation of databases and database objects Providing for data retrieval and manipulation Providing for backup and security
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A small community organization takes in stray animals. Many of them are given out to foster families who take care of them until they are adopted by someone. They need a database that will track the animals, which foster families and have the animals and the adoption history of each animal. Which of the following is the best statement of scope?
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The database will track each animal that is taken in. It will track all available adoptive families and which animals are being tended by each adoptive family. It will also track when each animal is adopted and by whom
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Relational database principles were first defined by a man named
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Codd
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SQL Server is one of many ______ ______ _______ ________
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Relational Database Management Systems
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The same data repeated in more than one place in a database is called:
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Redundancy
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This uniquely identifies each row in a relational database table
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A primary key
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When a primary key from one table repeated in another table to make a relationship it is called
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A foreign key
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Something a database must do to fulfill its purpose is called a
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Requirement
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stakeholder
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Anyone who uses is affected by the database
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A document that summarizes and displays data is called a
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Report
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Which of the following is a type of database optimized for processing transactions in real time?
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Transaction Processing System
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Which of the following is a set of tools for analyzing trend and patterns in business data?
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Business Intelligence
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Interviews are good for asking what kind of questions?
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Open-ended questions
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A question that has a fixed answer or a fixed set of answers is called:
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A closed question
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Which of the following is a program that offers services to other programs?
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A server
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A program which requests services from another program is called
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A client
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Which of the following best defines the term requirement?
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Something the database must do to meet its business purpose
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A requirement that refers to the attributes that must be stored in the database to fulfill business needs is called a:
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Data requirement
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A requirement that refers to data that must be present in the database to generate reports is called a:
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Report Requirement
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A requirement that refers to the need to restrict or grant access to data or database objects is called a
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Security Requirement
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Something a database is concerned about is called
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An entity
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Something that describes an entity about which data can be stored is called
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An attribute
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Which key best describes an attribute or combination of attributes that could be used as the primary key for an entity?
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Candidate key
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Which of the following best describes an attribute that naturally belongs to the entity used as a key?
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Natural Key
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Which of the following best describes an artificially generated attribute used as a key?
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Surrogate Key
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A key that consists of two or more attributes combined to make a unique value is called
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Composite key
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Which of the following represent an advantage of a natural key?
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Both A natural key helps protect data integrity by preventing accidental entry of duplicate rows and Natural key belong to and describe the entity
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Which of the following represent an advantage of a surrogate key?
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Both A surrogate key is always guaranteed to be unique and Surrogate keys are arbitrary and are not affected by changes in business rules
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Domain
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the set of all the entities that can be used in the database. Ex) employee names, address, DOB, etc.
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Triggers
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set of commands in the DB that trigger an event to happen..for example, in the data entry space of a zip code, only 5 integers are allowed, if 6 are inputted, the user will be flagged and asked to correct it
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Types of Entities
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Domain, Linking, Lookup, Weak
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Linking
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entity used to resolve a many-to-many relationship in two one-to-many relationships
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Lookup
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Entity used to store lookup values and help ensure data integrity and consistency (Months, State Names, etc.)
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Weak
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Entity that depends on another entity for its meaning (Employee and Dependents)
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his relative numbering of how many instances of one entity relate to how many instances of the other entity is referred to as
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cardinality
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True or False? Each entity in a relationship can participate in zero, one, or more than one instances of that relationship
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True
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The most common relationship in a Database
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A one-to-many relationship
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True or False? While Many to Many relationships exist conceptually, in an actual Database, you would need a third entity (table that acts as a lookup table) in order for the database to work properly
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True
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A third entity, Item Supplier, is used to _____ items and suppliers together.
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link
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The selection of a _________ _____ is one of the most critical decisions you'll make in the design of a new database.
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Primary Key
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you must ensure that the selected key is ________
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unique
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So, what makes a good primary key? If you're unable to find an obvious answer, your database systems will allow you to assign an auto-generated unique ID to any entity in your database. A best practice in database design is to use an internally generated primary key. This key is considered a ___________ ______
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Surrogate Key
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True or False? SSN make good Primary Keys.
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False
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objects or items of interest for the database
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Entities
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facts about, or properties of, an entity
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Attributes
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links between entities
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Relationships
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E/R diagrams
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-Give a conceptual/visual view of the database -Are independent of the choice of DBMS -Can identify some problems in the design of a database
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Entity (what is the shape?)
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rectangle
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Attribute (what is the shape?)
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oval
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Relationship (what is the shape?)
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diamond
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_____________ are an association between two or more entities. Each Student takes several Modules Each Module is taught by a Lecturer Each Employee works for a single Department
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Relationships
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Relationships have
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-A name -A set of entities that participate in them -A degree - the number of entities that participate (most have at least 2)
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(pick out the entities)A university consists of a number of departments. Each department offers several courses. A number of modules make up each course. Students enrol in a particular course and take modules towards the completion of that course. Each module is taught by a lecturer from the appropriate department, and each lecturer tutors a group of students.
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departments, courses, modules, students, lecturer
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(pick out the relationships)A university consists of a number of departments. Each department offers several courses. A number of modules make up each course. Students enrol in a particular course and take modules towards the completion of that course. Each module is taught by a lecturer from the appropriate department, and each lecturer tutors a group of students.
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offers, make up, enroll in, take, taught by, from the, tutors
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True or False? In ER diagrams, an attribute can have its own attributes
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True
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These databases can be attached to a point of sale at a cash register or they can be behind web forms such as at Amazon.com or Ebay. They are optimized for speed and efficiency. Nobody wants a long wait while his or her order is being processed.
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Transaction database
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The purpose is to use the data to provide data managers need to manage an organization. It focuses on data analysis. It is used to query data to return reports on things like total monthly sales, number of products sold, total shipping costs, etc.
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Management Information System(MIS)
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Mine data for patterns and trends that might help a business improve its offerings or services. A company, for instance, might analyze its customer data to find the ages and incomes of the customers who buy a particular product. They might look to see what other products those customers have purchased in a six month period before or after the purchase of a particular product. They might look to see if they can spot a trend related to current advertising or a current event.
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Business Intelligence
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exploring data sets looking for useful trends, is related to the idea of Data Warehouses
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DataMining
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The concept of this is to bring together all the data that an organization generates, not just the transactions that are recorded in formal databases, but also the memos, letters, minutes from meetings and other documents any organization generates. It brings them all together in a way and a place where data can be extracted and compared.
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data warehouse
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One development that holds the promise of making data warehousing a reality is ___________, which is designed to transport and store data.
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XML—eXtensible Markup Language
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Cloud Databases
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Databases that reside on the Internet, usually accessed through data services ... (Amazon, Google, GoGrid, Salesforce, MS Azure)
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Cloud computing
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Consists of using services on the Internet to provide business needs
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advantages of Cloud solutions.
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scalability, cost and flexibility
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In a database, fields and records become _________ and _________.
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entities and attributes
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A ________ is a program that makes a "service" or resource available for a "client" that requests it. For instance, a web server makes a web page available to a browser that requests the page to view.
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server
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Some computers are called _________. They often have more processing power and memory than other computers. They also often run an operating system that has tools to monitor and balance service requests such as Windows Server 2008
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Servers
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A database _________ is something the database needs to have or do in order to meet the business needs of the organization for which it is being built
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Requirements
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Kinds of Requirements
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Data, report, and access and security requirements
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what data the database must contain in order to store all the information an organization needs for its activities.
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Data Requirements
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Most databases need to generate several different kinds of reports, summary information often gathered from several different entities.
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Report requirements
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Data in a database is usually confidential. Because of how valuable data can be, an essential requirement of most databases is to develop a security scheme that determines who has access to what data.
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Access and security requirements
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refers to what data a database user has permission use
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User Access
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rules that cover the way data is acquired, stored or processed.
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Business Rules
