MedMicro Exam3 – Flashcards
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| ** Key words ** Acid Fast Slow Growing (>7 weeks) LJ medium Mycolic acids in cell wall |
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| Mycobacterium |
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| ** Key words ** Slow growing (>7 weeks) LJ medium Non-pigmented colonies Human-ONLY reservoir |
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| M. tuberculosis |
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| ** Key words ** Acid fast bacteria No growth on plates Armadillos in Texas and LA |
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| M. leprae |
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| Host responses against mycobacteria |
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| DTH (Type IV)destroys non-activated MACs CMI destroys intracellular bacteria |
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| ** Key words ** Leading killer of HIV infected Organized granuloma formation in lung Ghon focus / complex |
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| TB (M. tuberculosis) |
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| Bacteria & virusses spread through respiratory aerosols |
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| M. tuberculosis M. leprae; |
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| M. tuberculosis virulence factors |
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| Prevents phago-lysosomal fusion Disease primarity from host response |
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| Most important 2 cytokines involved in fighting mycobacterial infections |
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| IFNy (from NK & TH1 cell) TNFa (from MACs) |
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| 2 main treatment & prophalictic drugs for M. tuberculosis & M. kansasii |
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| Isoniazid (INH) & rifampin |
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| ** Key words ** Acid fast Hypopigmented skin Strong CMI response and large numbers of lymphocytes & granulomas with few bacteria present Reactive to lepromin |
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| Tuberculoid leprosy |
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| ** Key words ** Acid fast Disfiguring skin lesions Strong Ab response to large numbers of bacteria |
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| Lepromatous leprosy |
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| 2 main treatments fo M. leprae |
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| Rifampicin & dapsone |
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| ** Key word ** Reactivity to LEPROMIN |
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| Main way of identifying TUBERCULOID LEPROSY |
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| ** Key words ** Acid fast Found in soil and water Immunocompromised Leading killer of AIDS pts in the USA Resistant to anti-TB drugs |
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| M. avium |
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| ** Key words ** Acid fast Slow growing Illinios, Oklahoma & Texas Resemble TB |
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| M. kansasii |
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| ** Key words ** Weakly acid fast bacilli Found in soil Transplant pts (Immunocompromised) 'Beaded appearance' upon staining |
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| Nocardia |
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| ** Key words ** Weakly acid fast Pulmonary symptoms Confluent broncopneumonia Dissemination to the brain |
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| N. asteroides |
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| ** Key words ** Weakly acid fast Cutaneous involvement Localized pustules & abscess formation |
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| N. brasiliensis |
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| Main treatment for nocardia |
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| TMP-SMX (sulfa drugs) & braod-spectrum cephalosporins |
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| ** Key words ** 'Molar tooth' colonies on blood agar NOT acid fast Branching at acute angles Sulfur granules in suppurative abscesses |
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| Actinomyces |
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| Main treatment for Actinomyces |
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| Penicillin G |
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| ** Key words ** Hard ticks Rash that starts on extremities and spreads inwards to cover the whole body South Central and Southeast USA Actin tails |
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| Rickettsia ricketsii |
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| * Key words ** Mites Pox-like rash Systemic symptoms |
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| R. akari |
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| ** Key words ** Flying squirrel Body louse SE USA Rash starts on body and spreads OUT NO actin tails |
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| R. prowazekii (Epidemic typhus) |
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| R. prowazekii virulence factors |
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| Continued growth until cell rupture |
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| Treatment for R. prowazekii |
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| Doxacycline |
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| ** Key words ** Cat flea Gulf states |
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| R. typhi (Endemic typhus) |
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| ** Key words ** Rodent Mites Southeast Asia Rash |
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| Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub typhus) |
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| ** Key words ** Large membrane-enclosed masses - Morulae No peptidoglycan No LPS |
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| Ehrlichia and Anaplasma |
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| ** Key words ** Lone star tick Morulae White-tailed deer / dogs Fort Chaffee, Arkansas Mid-western to SE USA |
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| E. chaffeensis |
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| ** Key words ** April - October Ticks (Ixodes) Midwestern & central Atlantic states |
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| A. phagocytophilium (Human anaplasmosis) |
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| ** Key words ** Grow in acidified vacuole (phagolysosomal fusion REQUIRED) Animal hides Ticks |
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| Coxiella burnetti (Q-fever) |
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| ** Key words ** Animal hides Severe symptoms of atypical pneumonia |
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| Acute Q-fever (C. burnetti) |
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| ** Key words ** Animal hides Prosthetic heart valve & endocarditis |
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| Chronic C. burnetti infection |
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| Treatment for C. burnetti acute & chronic |
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| Acute: Doxycycline Chronic: Doxycycline, Rifampin & Fluoroquinilone |
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| ** Key words ** Sand flies South America Invading RBCs |
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| Bartonella bacilliformis |
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| ** Key words ** Body louse Trench fever IV drug use Pain in long bones |
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| Bartonella quintana |
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| ** Key words ** Resembles Kaposi sarcoma Cat scratch disease |
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| Bartonella henselae |
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| Treatment for Bartonella |
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| (DARE to do the Bartman) Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Rifampin & Erythomycin |
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| ** Key words ** Children Scarring cornea Inflammation of conjunctiva Vision loss |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis A/B/C (Disease: Trachoma) |
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| ** Key words ** STD Most common in USA Polyarthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis (Reiter's Syndrome: Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree) Infant with pneumonia shortly after birth |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis D-K (Disease: Chlamydia, Reiter's Syndrome & Infant pneumonia) |
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| ** Key words ** Males Africa, Asia, South America Small, painless lesions on genitals Genital elephantitis |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis L-serotypes (Disease: Lymphogranuloma verereum) |
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| ** Key words ** Taiwan REsemble atypical pneumonia No growth on C. trachomatis host cell lines |
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| Chlamydophila pneumoniae |
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| ** Key words ** Parrots Respiratory tract infection |
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| Chlamydophila psittaci |
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| ** Key words ** Parrots Respiratory tract infection |
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| Chlamydophila psittaci |
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| ** Key words ** Exclusive human host Visible pustules all over body Single serotype |
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| Poxvirus (Molloscum contagiosum) Smallpox) |
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| **Key words ** Erythema infectiosum Slapped-cheek appearance (children) Aplastic sickle-cell crisis Arthralgia & joint pain (adults) |
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| Parvovirus (B19; Erythrovirus) |
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| Describe the two phases of the B19 parvovirus |
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| Lytic, infection phase: 2weeks; Febrile, flulike Noninfectious immunologic phase: Rash & arthralgia |
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| What is the ONLY DNA virus to replicate in the cytosol? |
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| Poxvirus |
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| ** Key words ** Infected brain tissues Neither DNA nor RNA 30-40 year incubation Amyloid plaques & spongiform degeneration |
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| Prions |
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| ** Key words ** Neural loss Ataxia, dementia, behavioural disturbances |
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| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (prion) |
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| ** Key words ** Neural loss Cerebellar disorder Declining cognitive ability |
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| GSS (prion) |
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| ** Key words ** Neural loss Abnormal sleep patterns |
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| Fatal Familial Insomnia (prion) |
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| ** Key words ** Neural loss New guinea (Fore tribe) |
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| Kuru (prion) |
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| What is the only organ with evidence of prion infection? |
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| Brain |
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| How does prions cause disease? |
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| Normal cell prions are mutated throgh interaction with an abnormal prion. This causes the host cell to make more prions which get mutated. Over years they accumulate and form plaques that messes up the neurons. |
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| ** Key words ** Cowdry Type A bodies |
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| HSV |
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| What keeps a HSV infection in check inside a neuron? How? What overrides this mechanism? |
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| LAT - it inhibits the alpha-proteins from being made, and thru that also the beta-protein. Stress can override it, inhibiting LAT, which frees the HSV to replicate and cause infection. |
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| Where does the latent infection of HSV-1 and HSV-2occur? |
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| HSV-1: In the trigeminal ganglion cells HSV-2: Dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord |
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| What are the 3 types of HSV-1 re-infections? |
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| Epithelial keratitis Stromal keratitis Herpes labialis |
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| Herpes infection in the skin, recurrent outbreaks in the same spot is called? |
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| Herpes-Whitlow |
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| ** Key words ** Alpha-beta interferon defect Encephalitis |
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| HSV (not being kept in latent stage in ganglion - infects the brain) |
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| Sequela of VZV that involves chronic pain , often to the eye |
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| Post herpetic neuralgia |
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| Herpes virus that lies dormant in monocytes |
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| CMV |
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| Which host cell is transformed in an EBV infection? |
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| B-cells proliferate and grow uncontrollably |
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| What are the roles of EBNA-1 and LMP-2a? |
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| EBNDA-1 ensures that replicating B-cells each get a copy of the EBV that infects it LMP-2a acts as a growth receptor, ensuring the uncontrollable growth of the B-cell |
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| ** Key words ** Monospot test Uncontrollable B-cell growth |
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| EBV |
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| ** Key words ** Roseola exemanthom on the skin |
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| HHV-6 & 7 |
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| What are the roles of EBNA-1 and LMP-2a? |
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| EBNDA-1 ensures that replicating B-cells each get a copy of the EBV that infects it LMP-2a acts as a growth receptor, ensuring the uncontrollable growth of the B-cell |
