question

Clovis

answer

King of Franks; conquered Gaul; earned support of Gaul and Church of Rome by converting; Ruled lands in Frankish custom but kept Roman legacy

question

medieval

answer

Referring to the middle ages

question

Charles Martel

answer

Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe.

question

Battle of Tours

answer

732 AD Christians defeat Muslim invaders and stop the spread of Islam into Europe

question

Charlemagne

answer

Frankish king who conquered most of Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in the year 800, had a large empire

question

Vikings

answer

broke the last threads of unity in Charlemagne's Empire

question

feudalism

answer

a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service

question

vassal

answer

person granted land from a lord in return for services

question

fief

answer

land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service

question

knight

answer

a mounted warrior who had great prestige in the Middle Ages; they dominated warfare in Europe

question

chivalry

answer

Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages

question

manor

answer

a lord's estate in feudal europe

question

sacrament

answer

sacred rites of the church

question

St. Benedict

answer

Wrote the Rule of Benedict, founded monasteries, drew up a set of rules to regulate monastic life. 3 vows-- obedience, poverty, and chastity

question

secular

answer

worldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal

question

papal supremacy

answer

The claim of medieval popes that they had authority over all secular rulers

question

canon law

answer

the Church's own body of laws; this law applied to religious teachings, the behavior of the clergy, and even marriages and morals

question

excommunication

answer

expelling someone from the Church, they cannot receive sacraments

question

interdict

answer

excommunication of an entire region, town, or kingdom, cannot receive sacraments

question

Francis of Assisi

answer

Italian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick.

question

tenant farmer

answer

people who rent land from large landowners and pay the owner a portion of their crops

question

middle class

answer

A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers.

question

guild

answer

an association of merchants or artisans who do the same work

question

apprentice

answer

a person who works under a master to acquire instruction in a trade or profession.

question

journeyman

answer

skilled worker who was paid wages by a master

question

William the Conqueror

answer

Duke of Normandy, claimed English throne and with backing of pope defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings and became king of England in 1066. Wrote Domesday Book, a census for tax collection

question

common law

answer

a legal system based on custom and court rulings, law was usually set over a large area

question

jury

answer

a group of citizens chosen to hear evidence and make a decision in a court of law

question

King John

answer

3 powerful enemies: King Philip II, Pope Innocent III, and own English nobles; batlled with Pope Innocent of the archbishop of Canterbury; excommunicated; placed under interdict; signed magna carta

question

Magna Carta

answer

document which limited the power of the King of England (King John), said that the monarch and people should be bound under same law & rules

question

due process

answer

fair application of the law, government & people under same laws

question

habeas corpus

answer

the right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

question

Parliament

answer

English legislative body established by Edward I

question

Louis IX

answer

generous, noble leader devouted to justice and chivalry. Deeply religious, declared a saint within 30 years of death. Sent out roving officials, expanded royal courts, outlawed private wars, and ended serfdom in his lands

question

Holy Roman Empire

answer

The empire Charlemagne was made emperor of by the pope because he defended him. This started a long trend of good relationships between kings and popes, and gave the pope a lot more power. It included mostly all of Europe

question

Henry IV

answer

Holy Roman Emperor who argued with the pope (Pope Gregory VII) over lay investiture

question

Pope Gregory VII

answer

the pope that banned lay investiture in 1075

question

lay investiture

answer

The appointment of bishops and abbots by secular rulers, often in exchange for protection

question

Frederick Barbarossa

answer

This Holy Roman Emperor ruled Germany and died on the way to the Holy Land (Jerusalem) on the Third Crusade. He fell into a river.

question

Pope Innocent III

answer

Called for 4th Crusade;clashed with King John and won; Church reached height of political power under his papacy; believed pope was the supreme judge of all European affairs; used interdicts

question

Crusades

answer

a series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy Land back from Muslim control

question

holy land

answer

Jerusalem

question

Pope Urban II

answer

called for the 1st Crusade to free the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks at the Council of Clermont

question

Reconquista

answer

This was an effort by Christians to re-claim the Iberian Peninsula, which involved pushing the Moors out of southern Spain (Granada).. This ended in 1492, led by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

question

Ferdinand and Isabella

answer

This was the king and queen of Spain who started the Inquisition

question

inquisition

answer

the movement begun in 1232 meant to stamp out heresy by putting heretics on trial

question

scholasticism

answer

a medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason

question

Thomas Aquinas

answer

influential scholastic thinker, wrote Summa Theologica, recognized faith and reason as overlapping realms of knowledge

question

Dante Alighieri

answer

Italian who wrote the Divine comedy, an epic poem about an imaginary journey from hell to heaven.

question

Geoffrey Chaucer

answer

English author who wrote The Canterbury Tales, in which pilgrims were going to worship at the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury.

question

Gothic

answer

relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires

question

Black Death

answer

Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure.... FLEAS & RATS

question

schism

answer

division; split

question

Constantinople

answer

A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul

question

Justinian

answer

Byzantine emperor tried to restore unity of old Roman Empire; issued most famous compilation of Roman Law (Justinian's Code); extended later Roman architecture (ex. Hagia Sopia)

question

Justinian's Code

answer

preserved Roman law, An organized collection and explanation of roman laws for use by the byzantine empire

question

Theodora

answer

the wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constantinople and fight the Nika Riots

question

patriarch

answer

A principal bishop in the Orthodox eastern branch of Christianity

question

icon

answer

n. an image; an idol; a representation of a holy person, esp. in the Orthodox Christian churches

question

iconoclasm

answer

destruction of icons

question

iconoclastic controversy

answer

Debate btwn opponents and defenders of icons in the Byzantine Church; one of the issues that led to the split of the Christian Church

question

The Great Schism

answer

The time when France had a pope and Italy had a Pope, led to split between western and eastern churches: Greek Orthodox church in the east and Western roman catholic in the west

question

Hagia Sophia

answer

Eastern Orthodox church built in Constantinople built by Justinian

question

Nika riots

answer

Broke out after a chariot race that was held by Justinian. There was resentment over the emperors high taxes. The riot broke out for five days and fires destroyed much of the city.

question

steppe

answer

sparse, dry grassland

question

Kiev

answer

name of first russian kingdom, rulers were Vladimir and Yaroslav the wise

question

Cyril

answer

Byzantine missionary that was sent to Russia to spread Orthodoxy; created Slavic Cyrillic script

question

czar

answer

title of the ruler of the Russian empire

question

Muhammad

answer

the founder of the Islam religion; to Muslims, Muhammad is the ultimate and final prophet

question

Mecca

answer

the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace

question

Medina

answer

City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in to escape persecution in Mecca.

question

hijira

answer

the journey that Muhammad, faced with the threat of murder, took from Mecca to Medina

question

Kaaba

answer

A religous temple in Mecca that became sacred to Muslims

question

Quran

answer

the sacred writings of Islam revealed by Gabriel to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina

question

mosque

answer

Muslim house of worship

question

hajj

answer

a pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the requirements of the Five Pillars of Islam

question

jihad

answer

a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal

question

Sharia

answer

Islamic Law

question

Abu Bakr

answer

Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Shiites as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor.

question

caliph

answer

successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims

question

Sunni

answer

a follower of the majority branch of Islam, which feels that successors to Muhammad are to be chosen by the Muslim community

question

Shiite

answer

a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam

question

Sufi

answer

Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals

question

Umayyad

answer

he dynasty caliphs whose capital was Damascus, one of the largest empires ever significant: Spanned large areas of land that facilitated trade and brought unity

question

Abbasid

answer

dynasty that defeated the Umayyads and led Muslims through a Golden Age

question

Baghdad

answer

capital of the Abbasid Empire

question

Damascus

answer

Umayyad capital

question

Sultan

answer

the sovereign ruler of a Muslim state

question

Seljuk

answer

Turkish group that migrated into the Abbasid empire in the 10th century and established their own empire by the 11th

question

Turks

answer

a member of the Turkish-speaking ethnic group in the Ottoman Empire, raiders and traders

question

calligraphy

answer

art of beautiful handwriting

question

Delhi

answer

Capital of the Mughal empire in Northern India

question

Rajah

answer

a king or prince in India; a minor chief or dignitary

question

Sikhism

answer

a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century that blended Islam and Hindu traditions

question

Babur

answer

brilliant general who laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire

question

Mughal

answer

Indian dynasty founded by Mongol invaders who founded one of India's golden ages

question

Akbar

answer

This man was the greatest leader of the Mughal Empire in India. He was known for his tolerance of all people

question

Taj Mahal

answer

A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.

question

Ottoman

answer

Muslim empire that evolved in what is today the modern country of Turkey. Focus: domination, conquest of new territories

question

Mehmet

answer

Ottoman Empire; the ottoman conqueror of constantinople

question

Istanbul

answer

what the Byznatine empires name was changed to by the Ottoman Turks. they made it the center of theit empire

question

Suleiman

answer

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and considered to be their greatest ruler. Under his leadership, the Ottoman Empire reached its greatest height.

question

Tang Dynasty

answer

Dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618-907 CE

question

Song dynasty

answer

the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy

question

gunpowder

answer

invention credited to Tang

question

block printing

answer

Chinese invention that helped spread Renaissance ideas throughout Europe

question

Grand Canal

answer

took 9 million people to build it; connects the Yangtze and Wang He river

question

Tang Taizong

answer

He reconquerored the northern and western land that China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty. He started the achievements of the Tang Dynasty.

question

land reform

answer

the process of breaking up large landholdings to attain a more balanced land distribution among farmers

question

gentry

answer

In China, the class of prosperous families

question

dowry

answer

money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage

question

pagoda

answer

a tower-shaped structure with several stories and roofs

question

Wu Zhao

answer

The only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty.

question

Mongols

answer

A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan

question

Genghis Khan

answer

leader who united the Mongols and began invasion of China

question

Yuan Dynasty

answer

Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song

question

Kublai Khan

answer

Mongol ruler, he completed the conquest of China and founded the Yuan dynasty. Wouldn't let Mongols get immersed in Chinese practices

question

Marco Polo

answer

Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan

question

Ming Dynasty

answer

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

question

Zheng He

answer

Chinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia

question

Silla Dynasty

answer

Unites Korea, arts flourish, buddhism grows, capital Kyongju was the city of gold.

question

Koryo Dynasty

answer

Replaced the Silla Dynasty in Korea capital was Songak metal type print led to mass productionn of books also produced celadon

question

Choson Dynasty

answer

the last and longest-lived imperial dynasty (1392-1910) of Korea; followed confucianism; stratified society, large slave class; economy not as strong as Japan or China

question

King Sejong

answer

The fourth king of the Choson Dynasty of Korea. Best remembered for creating the Korean alphabet hangul.

question

hangul

answer

Korean phonetic alphabet

question

archipelago

answer

chain of islands

question

tsunami

answer

a giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor

question

Shinto

answer

A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits

question

kana

answer

in the Japanese writing system, phonetic symbols representing sounds

question

samurai

answer

a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy

question

bushido

answer

The Samurai Code of Rules

question

Zen Buddhism

answer

a Buddhist sect that emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and stresses simplicity and discipline

question

humanism

answer

a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

question

Petrarch

answer

Father of Humanism, created libraries with many Greek and Roman texts

question

Florence

answer

Italy's leading cultural center during Renaissance; important for trade and commerce;dominated by Medici's

question

patron

answer

person who financially supports the arts

question

linear perspective

answer

An artistic principle developed in the Renaissance that allowed a painter to create a greater illusion that before.

question

Leonardo da Vinci

answer

Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist.

question

Michelangelo

answer

This was an artist who led the way for Renaissance masters from his David sculpture and his painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling

question

Raphael

answer

Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.

question

Machiavelli

answer

Wrote "The Prince", a book that recommended harsh and arbitrary rule for princes

question

Johann Gutenberg

answer

invented the printing press

question

Albrecht Durer

answer

Famous Northern Renaissance artist, he often used woodcutting along with Italian Renaissance techniques like proportion, perspective and modeling.

question

Erasmus

answer

This man was a writer who would plea for simple Christian faith and would criticize the complexity of Catholic faith, wrote Praise & Folly

question

Sir Thomas More

answer

Wrote Utopia. He was executed by Henry VIII

question

indulgences

answer

pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment

question

Martin Luther

answer

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

question

Charles V

answer

This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation

question

95 Theses

answer

statements attacking the Catholic Church's practices.

Medieval History Final Exam 2011 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards