Medieval History 111 UMD Final Exam ID’s Prep – Flashcards
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Pope Urban II
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Rome, 1042 - 29 July 1099 (11th Century), He is best known for initiating the First Crusade, and his struggle to for papal power
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1st Crusade
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Mostly Levant and Anatolia, 1095-1099 (11th Century), The first of a number of crusades that attempted to capture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II, resulted in a victory
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The Pope Speech
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Piacenza, 1095 (11th Century), Motivated people to go to on the crusade and introduced the idea of sins be forgiven on the pilgrimage
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4th Crusade
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Venice, 1202-04 (13th Century), Planned to go to the Holy land, but failed, led to the sack Constantinople
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Pope Innocent III
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Papal States Rome, 1161 -1216 (13th Century), One of the most powerful popes in the Middle Ages, called the 4th Crusade in 1198
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The Treaty of Venice
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Venice, 1201 (13th Century), Doge Enrice Dandolo agreed to supply crusaders with sufficient vessel, 85,000 marks to transport, this is important because it marks the start of the involvement of the venetians in the crusade
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The Cather Hersey
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Northern Italy, 1209-1229 (13th Century), Goal was to free themselves from the material world through the ritual consolamentum
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The Albigensian Crusade
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Languedoc, France, 1209 - 1229 (13th Century), 20 yearlong military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France, this did not do much because the Dominican inquisitor wiped out heresy
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Magna Carta
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England, 1215 (13th Century), is a charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, this document help create the natural laws that we have today
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Lay Piety
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Rome, Unknown, showed different ways that people express their love for God, gave rise to some heresy
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Hildegard of Bingen
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Holy Roman Empire, 1179 (12th Century), a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary, and polymath, she had a huge presence in the Church for a woman
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Dominican Order
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Rome,1216 (13th Century) a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France
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Leprosy
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All over Europe, (10th,11th, and 12th Century), Skin Lesions, severe pain, loss of feeling and nerve damage, this disease was significant because it showed how much the church would help these type of people, giving them shelter, treatment, etc.
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The Inquisition
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France, (12th century), a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, tried but failed to get rid of heresy
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Spanish Inquisition
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Spain, 1483 (15th Century), maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control, they were able to get rid of heresy, searched and punished false, Jewish and Muslim
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Medieval Education
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All over Europe, As Early as 1088-1500, The education system of Middle Ages was highly influenced by the Church. Basic course of study used to contain Latin language, grammar, logic, rhetoric, philosophy, astrology, music and mathematics, it was significant because some of the ways of teaching are still here til this day
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Knights
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All over Europe, As early as the (9th Century), The knight had many jobs, from protecting and enforcing the will of the church to doing the same with his kingdom. Strong, righteous, and civil, their significance is that now the church as some form of army
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Tournaments
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All over Europe, (12th to 16th Centuries), was a chivalrous competition or mock fight, this was practice,
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Mongol Empire
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Began in East-Central Asian, Serbia but expanded greatly, 1206 (13th Century), existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history,
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Chinggis (Genhis) Khan
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Khentii Mountains, Mongolia, 1162 - August 18, 1227 (12th Century), The Great Khan and founder of the Mongol Empire, he came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia
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The Golden Horde
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Sarai Batu, 1204's-1502 (13th and 16th Century), was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, Ruled over China, ended the Abbasid Caliphate
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Marco Polo
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Venice, Italy, 1254- 1324 (13th and 14th Century), was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer. His travels are recorded in Book of the Marvels of the World, a book that described to Europeans the wealth and great size of China, its capital Peking, and other Asian cities and countries. Important because of how he was able to cover some much land in his life, Italy to China and back
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Siege of Acre
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Acre, Israel, 1291 (13th Century), the loss of the Crusader-controlled city of Acre to the Mamluks, the significant of this is that the Crusaders no longer controlled any part of the Holy Land.
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Italian City-States
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Italy, (9th to 15th Century), were a political phenomenon of small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian peninsula, brought many conflicts to Italy
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Guelph
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Italian city-states, (13th-14th centuries), were factions supporting the Pope, disliked the Ghibellines
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Ghibellines
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Italian city-states, (13th-14th centuries), were factions supporting the Holy Roman Emperor, disliked the Guelph
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Genghis Khan
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The Great Khan and founder of the Mongol Empire, Began Rule in 1206, Mongolia, launched the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia
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Black Death
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One of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, 1346 to 1353(14th Century), Europe
