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ACE Inhibitors, - pril suffix, ex Captopril,

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Prevent the synthesis of angiotensin II by "inhibiting" angiotensin-converting enzyme, a potent vasoconstrictior; decrease afterload and preload in heart failure; used to treat HTN, CHF;Interacts with: NSAID, Diuretics, sulfameth/trimethoprim, side effects: 1st dose hypotension, hacking cough, loss of taste. Hyperkalemia, renal tubular damage, decreased B/P, dizziness, nausea & diarrhea NRSG: Administer 1 hr before meals to increase absorption, teach patient to sit up,stand up slowly due to orthostatic BP's, teratogenic, Labs:BUN,creatinine,protein,BG, report bruising, petechial rash,

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Ascetylcholinesterase Inhibitors -ine suffix-ex rivastigmine, memantine, galantmine, different suffix -Aricept(donepezil)

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(AChe inhibitor) an enzyme to break down AChe-Promote the accumulation of actylcholine in neuron receptors, resulting in prolonged cholinergic, improves cognition in Alzheimer's pt's side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, decreased appetite or weight loss interacts with: anticholinergic drugs (e.g., benztropine, scopolamine), cholinergic drugs (e.g., bethanechol), other cholinesterase inhibitors succinylcholine-type muscle blocking drugs, aspirin, NSAIDS

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Alpha Adrenergic blockers -zosin suffix, ex prazosin(Minipress), dozazosin(Cardura)

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Decreases peripheral vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure by selectively blocking receptors in the vascular smooth muscle, Used for HTN, side effects: 1st dose Hypotension, dizziness, lightheadedness, faint, interacts with:NSAIDS, clonidine NRSG-teach pt to rise slowly lying to sitting, sitting to standing, take at bedtime

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Aldosterone Receptor antagonists

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Block stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors by aldosterone, thus reducing high blood pressure by preventing sodium reabsorption; interacts with: side effects:

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Aminoglycosides

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Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and related antibiotics; particularly effective against gram-negative microorganisms; noted for potentially dangerous toxicity; interacts with: side effects:

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Analgesics, ex's- acetaminophen, aspirin, Morphine sulfate, Demerol, fentanyl

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Narcotic and nonnarcotic; relieve pain without producing loss of consciousness or reflex activity; interacts with:ALCOHOL, ASA-coumadin side effects:Acute toxicity to liver(tylenol) or kidneys

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Androgens

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These steroid hormones produce masculinizing effects; interacts with: side effects:

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Angiotensin II receptor antagonists - tan suffix, ex irbesartan, Valsartan

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Also known as ARBs (a very potent vasoconstrictor) from binding to receptor sites is vascular smooth mucle, brain, heart, kidneys, and adrenal gland, thus blocking the blood pressure-elevating and sodium-retaining effects of angiotensin II; interacts with: side effects:

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Anesthetics

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For example, local anesthesia, general anesthesia; cause a loss of sensation with or without a loss of consciousness; interacts with: side effects:

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Antacids

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Reduce the acidity of the gastric contents; interacts with: side effects:

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Antianginals

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Used to prevent or treat attacks of angina pectoris; interacts with: side effects:

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Antianxiety

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Used to prevent anxiety symptoms or disorders; also known as minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics, although the term tranquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized

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Antiarrhythmics

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Used to correct cardiac arrhythmias (any heart rate or rhythm other than normal sinus rhythm); interacts with: side effects:

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Antibiotics

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Used to treat infections caused by pathogenic microbes; the term in often used interchangeably with antimicrobial agents; interacts with: side effects:

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Anticholinergic

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Block the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system; also known as cholinergic blocking agents, antispasmodics, and parasympatholytic agents; interacts with: side effects:

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Anticoagulants-Parenteral -Heparin, enoxaprin (lovanoxn

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Do not dissolve existing blood clots, but so prevent enlargement or extension of blood clots; interacts with: side effects:

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Anticonvulsants

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Suppress abnormal neuronal activity in the CNS, preventing seizures; interacts with: side effects:

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Antidepressants

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Relieve depression; interacts with: side effects:

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Antidiabetics

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Also known as hypoglycemics; include insulin (used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus) and oral hypoglycemic agents (used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus); interacts with: side effects:

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Antidiarrheals

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Relieve or control the symtoms of acute or chronic diarrhea; interacts with: side effects:

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Antiemetics

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Used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting; interacts with: side effects:

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Antifungals

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Used to treat fungal infections; interacts with: side effects:

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Antiglaucoma

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Used to reduce intraocular pressure; interacts with: side effects:

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Antigout

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Used in the treatment of active gout attacks or to prevent future attacks; interacts with: side effects:

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Antihypertensives

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Used to treat elevated blood pressure (hypertension); interacts with: side effects:

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Antilipemics-Statins -statin, ex's simvastatin(Zocor), lovastatin(mevacor)

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Supresses cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Can increase HDL and decrease LDL, promotes vasodilation, decreases plaque site inflammation, decreases risk of thromboembolism.Uses to reduce serum cholesterol and/or triglycerides in hypercholesterolemia, prevention of coronary events, protect against MI and stroke in clients with Diabetes. interacts with:fibrates-gemfibrozol, fenofibrate-increase myopathy, meds that suppress CYP3A4-erythromyacin(can increase dose of statin when taking concurrently), Grapefruit juice-increases toxicity. side effects:hepatoxicity, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy-numbness, tingling, and pain to hands and feet. NRSG: take with evening meal, renal insuff pt's need decreased dose, msut get baseline liver enzymes, cholesterol levels with periodic lab levels. Cat C

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Antimicrobials

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Chemicals that eliminate living microorganisms pathogenic to the patient; also called antibiotics or antiinfectives; interacts with: side effects:

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Antineoplastics

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Also called chemotherapy agents; used alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as radiation, surgery, or biologic response modifiers for the treatment of cancer; interacts with: side effects:

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Antiparkinson's

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Used in the treatment of Parkinson syndrome and other dyskinesias; interacts with: side effects:

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Antiplatelets

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Prevent paltelet clumpling (aggregation), thereby preventing an essential step in formation of a blood clot; interacts with: side effects:

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Antipsychotics

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Used in the treatment of severe mental illnesses; also known as major tranquilizers or neuroleptics, although the term tranquilizer is avoided today to prevent the misperception that the patient is being tranquilized; interacts with: side effects:

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Antipyretics

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Used to reduce fevers associated with a variety of conditions; interacts with: side effects:

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Antispasmodics

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Actually anticholinergic agents; interacts with: side effects:

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Antithyroid

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Used to treat the symptoms of hyperthyroidism; also known as thyroid hormones antagonists; interacts with: side effects:

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Antituberculins

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Used to prevent or treat an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Antitussive

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Used to suppress a cough by acting on the souch center of the brain

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Antiulcer agents

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These drugs, such as histamine-2 antagonist, decrease the volume and increase the pH of gastric secretions; interacts with: side effects:

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Antivirals

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Used to treat infections caused by pathogenic viruses; interacts with: side effects:

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Bronchodilators

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Stimulate receptors within the tracheobronchial tree to relax and dilate the airway passages, allowing a greater volume of air to be exchanged and improving oxygenation; interacts with: side effects:

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Beta andrenergic blockers -lol suffix, metoprolol, atenolol, popranolol

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Inhibit the acivity of sympathetic transmitters, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; used to treat angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, and glaucoma; Used for: Angina,HTN,Cardiac dysrrhythmias,MI,CHF,interacts with: Calcium channel blockers,(verapamil, diltiazem) other antihypertensives, Insulin-may need to adjust Insulin doses for DM's, side effects:bradycardia, decreased cardiac output,AV block,ortho hypotension, rebound myocardium excitement,bronchoconstriction, glycogenolysis is inhibited (inhibits the breakdown of glycogen) NRSG: close BG monitoring for Diabetics,Asthmatics should not have this drug!,do not stop drug suddenly,daily HR & BP monitoring,daily weights for CHF pts

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Calcium channel blockers -pine suffix ex amlodipine(Norvasc) felodipine(Plendil), also, diltiazem (Cardizem) verapamil (Calan)

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Also called calcium ion antagonists, inhibit the entry of calcium ions in heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, lessening the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and relaxing of the smooth muscle cells causing vasodilation; Use: prevent or treat angina pectoris, HTN, only verapamil usually used for cardiac dysrhythmias, Side effects: reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema,acute toxicity,ortho BP's, constipation,bradycardia, CHF, Interacts with:Digoxin - increased levels, grapefruit- toxicity, other beta blockers-CHF, AV block, bradycardia NRSG:do not chew, cut or crush sustained release pills,IV admin slowly over 2-3 min, Angina pts-keep a record of chest pain(freq, intensity,duration, location and notify Dr. with increases), daily monitoring BP,HR & weights

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Carbapenems

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Antiboitics (imipenen, ertapenem, meropenerm) that have a broad spectrum ot activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; they act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis; interacts with: side effects:

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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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Interfere with the production of aque humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma; interacts with: side effects:

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Cell-stimulating agents

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Improve immune function by stimulating the activity of various immune cells; interacts with: side effects:

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Cholinergic

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Also known as parasympathomimetics; produce effects similar to those of acetylcholine; interacts with: side effects:

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Cholinesterase inhibitors

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These enzymes destroy acetylcholine, the cholinergic neurotransmitter; interacts with: side effects:

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Coating agent

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This drug, sucralfate, forms a complex that adheres to the carter of an ulcer, protecting it from aggravation by gastric secretions; interacts with: side effects:

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Colony-stimulating factors

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Stimulate progenitor cells in bone marrow to increase numbers of leukocytes, thereby improving immune function; interacts with: side effects:

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Corticosteroids

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These hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex the adrenal gland; interacts with: side effects:

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Cycloplegics

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Anticholinergic agents that paralyze accommodation of the iris of the eye; interacts ; interacts with: side effects:with: side effects:

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Cytotoxics

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Agents that cause direct cell death; often used for cancer chemotherapy; interacts with: side effects:

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Decongentants

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Reduce swelling in the nasal passages caused by common cold or allergic rhinitis; interacts with: side effects:

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Digestants

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Combination products containing digestive enzymes used to treat various digestive disorders and to supplement deficiencies of natural digestive enzymes; interacts with: side effects:

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Digitalis glycosides

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A class of drugs, also konwn as cardia glycosides, that increase the force of contraction and slow the heart rate, thereby improving cardiac output; interacts with: side effects:

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Diuretics

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Act to increase the flow of urine; interacts with: side effects:

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Emetics

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Used to induce vomiting; interacts with: side effects:

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Estrogens

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Steroids that cause feminizing effects; interacts with: side effects:

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Expectorants

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Liquefy mucus by stimulating the natural lubricant fluids from the bronchial glands; interacts with: side effects:

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Fluoroquinolones

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Ciprofloxacin and related agents; widely used broad-spectrum antibiotics; interacts with: side effects:

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Gastric stimulants

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Used to increase stomach contractions, relax the pyloric valve, and increase peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract; result in a decrease in gastric transit time and more rapid emptying of the interstinal tract; interacts with: side effects:

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Glucocorticoids

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Also known as adrenocorticosteroids; are used to regulate carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism

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Gonadal hormones

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Hormones produced by the testes in the male and ovaries in the female; interacts with: side effects:

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Herbals

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Plant products usually sold as food supplements; may have pharmacologic effects that are not evaluated or regulated by the FDA; interacts with: side effects:

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Histamine (H2) antagonists

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Decrease the volume and increase the pH of gastric secretions both during the day and the night; interacts with: side effects:

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HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors

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Also known as the statins: antilipemic agents that inhibit hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) thus reduce potential for atherosclesrosis; interacts with: side effects:

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Hyperuricemics

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Used to decrease the production or increase the excretion of uric acid; interacts with: side effects:

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Immunizations

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Produces antibodies that provide active immunity, prevents childhood infectious diseases

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Immune Globullin-ex's Gamma globulin, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Route: deep IM

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Provides passive immunity and provide antibodies, interacts with: Live virus, side effects:local reaction, systemic allergy,

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Immunostimulants-ex's Interferon alfa, Interleukin 2 Route: SQ or IM

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enhance immune responses & decrease proliferation of cancer cells; interacts with: Antihypertensives,Theo-dur, Zydovudine(Retrovir) side effects:Cardiotoxicity, Hypotension, flu-like symptoms(fever, headaches,fatigue,chills,myalgias) Bone marrow suppression, alopecia,

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immunosuppressants-ex's cyclosporine(Sandimmune, Gengraf,Neoral)

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Act on T lymphocytes to suppress production of immune response components, supresses B cells Cytotoxic T's; interacts with: Phentoin, phenobarbitol,rifampin,tegretol, causing decrease in cyclosporine effects; Grapefruit juice,Ketoconizole, erythromycin, Amph B, cyclosporine increased effects, NSAIDs causes nephrotoxicity, glucocorticoids- cause hyperglycemia, side effects:hepatoxicity-jaundice, Nephrotoxicity,Osteporosis,adrenal insufficiency,fluid retention,bone marrow depression

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Antihistamines ex's-1st gen H1antagonists-Diphenhydramine, promethazine, dramamine, 2nd gen H1 antagonists-loratadine (claritin) cetirizine(Zyrtec), fexofenadine(allegra)

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Antihistamne action is on the H1 receptor results in blocking histamine relase in small blood vessels, nerves during allergic reactions. ; Used to treat allergy symptoms; may also be used to treat motion sickness, insomnia, and other nonallergic reactions; interacts with:ALCOHOL side effects:Sedation, anticholinergic effects(dry mouth, constipation) GI-nausea,vomiting,constipation,acute toxicity(flushed face, high fever, tachycardia) children-excitations,hallucinations,uncoordination,seizures

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NSAIDs-Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory ex's-1st gen-COX & COX 2 inhibitors-Aspirin, 2nd gen-selective Cox 2 inhibitors-Celebrex. 1st gen Ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, 2nd gen-valdecoxib(Bextra)

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Inhibits cyclooxygenase (inhibits COX 2 reducing inflammation, pain, fever. Inhibits COX 1 reducing platelet aggregation; interacts with: Warfarin increases bleeding times, glucocorticoids-increasing GI bleed risk, ALCOHOL- risk of bleeding, Ibuprofen-decreases platelet effects, Aspirin side effects: GI -dyspepsia, abdom pain, heartburn, nausea, renal dysfuntion- urine output, weight gain, increased BUN and creatinine levels, Salicylism( tinnitus,sweating, Headache, dizziness, repsiratory alkalosis, Reyes syndrome

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Alpha 2 Agonist -ine suffix, ex clonidine (Catapress)

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Act within the CNS to decrease sympathetic outflow resulting in decreased stimulation to the adrenergic receptors (both alpha & beta) of the heart and peripheral vascular system. Results in vasodilation,bradycardia & decreased cardiac output. Used for: HTN, Severe Cancer pain Side effects:drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth,rebound HTN, Interacts with:ALCOHOL,antihypertensive meds,Prazosin,MAOI's,trycyclic antidepressants,clonidine,CNS depressant, category C, NRSG: hypotension, don't stop taking med suddenly,teach pt to rise slowly lying to sitting, sitting to standing, take at bedtime

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Hypertensive Crisis Medications/treatment -no common suffix, labetalol (Trandate), diazoxide(Hyperstat),fenoldopam(Corlopam), trimethaphan(arfonad), IV sodium nitroprusside(Nitropress)

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Hypertensive emergencies are severe elevations in BP, often higher than 220/140 mm Hg, complicated by clinical evidence of progressive target organ dysfunction. A potentially life-threatening syndrome that results when an individual taking MAOIs eats a product high in tyramine(Alcohol, aged cheese overripened fruit,processed meats, soy products, caffienated drinks,yeast products, chocolate, OTC cold meds, diet pills). Symptoms:severe occipital headache, palpitations, nausea and vomiting, nuchal rigidity, fever, sweating, marked increase in blood pressure, chest pain, and coma. Meds listed(antihypertensives) cause vasodilation to cause decrease in preload and afterload. Side effects: excessive hypotension, cyanide and Thiocyanate toxicity (the pharmacokinetics of nitroprusside with metabolism to highly toxic cyanide. Simultaneous infusion of thiosulfate with nitroprusside provides the sulfur donor necessary to prevent cyanide accumulation - this is more common problem in peadiatrics) NRSG: IV solutes can be slightly brown discard any solutes dark blue, green, or red. protect Sodium nitroprusside from light, continuous monitoring of BP and EKG! Category C

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Organic Nitrates -Nitroglycerin ex's Nitrol, Nitrostat, Isosorbide dinitrate(Imdur)

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in stable angina-decreases cardiac 02 demand by dilating veins and decreasing venous return(preload), in variant angina-relaxes or prevents spasm in coronary arteries, increasing 02 supply. Uses:Acute attack & prophylaxsis in stable angina,variant angina, refractive angina,CHf due to acute MI, Side effects: headache,ortho BP's, reflex tachycardia, tolerance, Interacts with: ALCOHOL,anthypertensive meds, Viagr,a NRSG:teach pt use for acute attack & prophylaxsis, may take up to two doses at 5 min intervals or as prescribed.

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Cardiac Glycosides - only med is digoxin(Lanoxin,Lanoxicaps,Digitek)

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positive inotropic effect=increased force and efficiency of myocardial contraction improving pumping of heart, Stroke Volume(SV), and Cardiac Output(CO). Negative chronotropic effect=decreased heart rate, at therapeutic levels it slows rate of SA node depolarization & rate of impulses through the conduction system resulting in longer time for the ventricles to fill with blood coming from the atria, which leads to increased SV and increased CO. Uses: treatment CHF, Cardiac dysrhythmias-atrial fib, Side Effects: cardiotoxicity-bradycardia, increased dysrhythmias in some, GI effects-anorexia, nausea,vomiting,abd pain, CNS effects-fatigue,weakness,vision changes,diplopia,blurred vision,yellow-green or white halos around objects, Interacts with: thiazide diuretics and loop diuretics, Lasix(may cause increased dysrhythmias, Ace inhibitors and ARBS-risk of hyperkalemia decreasing dig effects,sympathomimetic meds like dopamine-complement inotropic action of digoxin, Quinidine-increase dig toxicity, Verapamil increases plasma levels of dig NRSG: check pulse and rhythm prior to each dose and if <60 hold the med, take same time daily, watch for hypokalemia- muscle weakness, Labs:therapeutic levels 0.5 - 2.0ng/ml,Cat C

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Antilipemics-Fibrates -gemfibrizol(Lopid), fenofibrate(Tricor,Lofibra)

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Decreases triglyceride levels-very low density lipoproteins(VLDL) by increasing the rate of VLDL excretion by inhibiting absorption of cholesterol secreted by the bile and from food. Increases HDL levels by promoting production of presursors to HDL's. Uses:reduce plasma triglycerides(VLDL), increase HDL, side effects: Gall stones, Myopathy, Hepatoxicity Interacts with: Warfarin(Coumadin) Statins, bile acid sequestrants-cholestyramine NRSG: advise pt to get baseline cholesterol levels and will need periodic monitoring of labs, take 30 min's prior to breakfast and dinner. Cat X

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Antilipemics-Bile acid sequestrants - cholesteryamine(Questran), colestipol(Colestid)

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Increases LDL receptor sites on liver cells resulting in increased uptake of serum cholesterol lowering LDL levels. Used in adjunct therapy with atorvastatin and dietary changes to lower cholesterol levels. SE's-constipation, Interacts wtih: Digoxin, Warfarin, Thiazides, tetracyclines by interfering with absorption. NRSG: contraindicated for pt's with biliary disease, advise to take other meds 1 hr prior or 4 hrs after taking this.

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Norepinephrine/ Epinephrine

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Vasoconstrictor, increases BP and cardiac output S/E: Palpitations, TISSUE NECROSIS with extravasation

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Dopamine

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Low dose- dilates renal & coronary arteries, high-dose- vasoconstrictor S/E: Incr ocular pressure, tachycardia, decr urinary output Headache- sign of drug excess

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Benadryl

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Blocks effect of histamines (allergic rx) S/E: DROWSINESS, confusion

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Antianxiety Meds

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S/E: Sedation, lethargy, depression, dry mouth, constipation, bradycardia, elev of liver enzymes, urinary retention ***starred have potential for abuse*** Do NOT dc abruptly, avoid alcohol

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Valium, Librium

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Antianxiety, *** S/E: lethargy, respiratory depression

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Ativan, Xanax

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Antianxiety, *** S/E: CONFUSION Check renal/hepatic function

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Versed

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Antianxiety- used preop and pre-procedures S/E: RETROGRADE AMNESIA, hypotension

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BuSpar

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Antianxiety S/E: Confusion, hypotension Requires 3 wks to be effective, not PRN Avoid alcohol/grapefruit juice

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Antacid Meds

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S/E: Constipation, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis Absorp of other meds may be decr if given together Give with fluids

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Maalox

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Antacid S/E: LAXATIVE effect

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Milk of Magnesia

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Antacid, *** S/E: when excessive- nau, vom, diarrhea

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Antidysrhythmic Meds

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Monitor blood pressure (for hypotension), heart rate, QT intervals

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Lidocaine

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Antidysrhythmic Meds S/E: Slurred speech, confusion, bradycardia

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Propanolol

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Antidysrhythmic Meds S/E: BRONCHOSPASM Contraindicated for asthma, COPD

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Amiodarone

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Antidysrhythmic Meds S/E: Liver toxicity

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Verapamil

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Antidysrhythmic Meds S/E: Orthostatic hypertension

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Gentamicin, Neomycin

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Aminoglycosides S/E: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity Encourage fluids, small frequent meals

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Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone

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Cephalosporins S/E: Incr risk of bleeding, superinfections, thrombophlebitis IV Take with food, avoid alcohol, CROSS ALLERGY: penicillins

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Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

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Fluoroquinolones S/E: Superinfections, hepatotoxicity Take on empty stomach, monitor liver function

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Penicllin G

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Penicillins S/E: Gastritis, diarrhea, allergy

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Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim

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Sulfonamides S/E: Peripheral neuropathy, crystalluria, photosensitivity Take on empty stomach, push fluids, protect from light

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Doxycycline

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Tetracyclines S/E: Glossitis, phototoxic rx, decr oral contraceptives effectiveness Take on empty stomach, protect from sunlight, monitor renal

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Bacitracin ointment

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Antibacterial ointment S/E: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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Silver sulfadiazine cream

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Tx for burns S/E: Neutropenia, burning CROSS-ALLERGY: sulfonamides

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Pyridium

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Genitourinary med, antispasmodic & analgesic S/E: Bright orange urine

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Ditropan

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Genitourinary med, tx, incontinence, antispasmodic S/E: Drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth Increase fluids and fiber in diet

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Viagra

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Tx of ED S/E: Flushing, hypotension, priapism DO NOT USE WITH NITRATES- fatal hypotension Do not drink grapefruit juice

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Proscar

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Tx of BPH S/E: Decr libido, impotence Pregnant women should avoid contact with drug or pts semen

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Atropine sulfate

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Tx of bradycardia S/E: Headache, dry mouth, urinary retention Check for hx of glaucoma, asthma, HTN

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Anticholinergic medications

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Competes with acetylcholine at receptor sites in ANS for a variety of effects S/E: Blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, change in HR

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Atrovent

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Used for longterm tx of bronchospasm, asthma S/E: Dry mouth

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Cogentin

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Used for Parkinson's Disease to reduce symptoms S/E: Anticholinergic eff, orthostatic hypotension Taper before d/c

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Anticoagulant Medications

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S/E: Alopecia, hemorrhage, bleeding Soft toothbrush, electric razor, report black tarry stools, monitor platelet counts

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Heparin

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Anticoagulant S/E: thrombocytopenia, anemia Monitor PTT at 1.5 to 2.0 x control Antidote: Protamine sulfate

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Coumadin

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S/E: Diarrhea, rash Monitor PT at 1.5 to 2.0 x control, avoid diet high in vit K Antidote: Vitamin K

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Anticonvulsant Medications

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S/E: Cardiac depression, resp depression, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, ataxia Tolerance with longterm use, don't dc abruptly

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Tegretol

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Anticonvulsant S/E: Myelosuppression, diplopia Monitor CBC, wear sun protectant

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Klonopin

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Anticonvulsant, Benzodiazepine S/E: Confusion, drowsiness

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Topamax

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Anticonvulsant S/E: Vision problems, renal calculi

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Valium

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Anticonvulsant, *** S/E: Hypotension, tachycardia Alcohol incr CNS depression

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Keppra

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Anticonvulsant S/E: Dizziness, suicidal ideation Avoid alcohol

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Dilantin

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Anticonvulsant S/E: Hirsutism, GI upset, gingival hypertrophy Urine/sweat may turn red/brown, incr exposure to sunlight

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Phenobarbital

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Anticonvulsant, *** S/E: Drowsiness, initially constricts pupils

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Magnesium sulfate

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Anticonvulsant, used for pre-eclampsia S/E: Flushing, extreme thirst, hypotension Monitor intake and output, check knee jerks before each dose

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Depakote

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Anticonvulsant S/E: Sedation, tremors, prolonged bleeding time Monitor platelets, bleeding time, liver functions

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Nardil, Marplan

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Antidepressive, MAOi S/E: Hypertensive crisis when taken with foods containing tyramine, photosensitivity, sexual dysfunction Do not take with SSRIs, avoid other CNS depressants, monitor for urinary retention

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Prozac, Zoloft

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Antidepressive, SSRI S/E: Dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, weight gain Take in AM, 4 full weeks for full effect, do not give with MAOi, monitor for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and anemia

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Elavil

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Antidepressive, Tricyclic S/E: Photosensitivity, anticholinergic effs, bone marrow depression Therapeutic eff in 1-3 wks, give at night, S/E decr over time, do not abruptly stop, avoid alcohol, avoid exposure to sunlight

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Humalog

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Rapid-acting Insulin, used in insulin pumps Onset: 5-15 min, peak: 1 hr, duration: 3hr

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Humalin R

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Short-acting insulin Onset: 30-60 min, peak: 2-3 hr, duration: 4-6hr

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NPH

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Intermediate-acting insulin Onset: 2-4hr, peak: 6-12 hr, 16-20 hr

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Lantus

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Very long acting insulin Onset: 1 hr, peak: none (continuous), duration: 24 hr

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Insulin

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S/E: Hypoglycemia Have pts rotate sites, only reg insulin given IV, all others SQ -when mixing insulin in one syringe, draw up regular (clear) before Lantus (cloudy)

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Glucophage

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Oral hypoglycemic S/E: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, hypoglycemia Avoid alcohol

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Glucagon

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Oral hyperglycemic S/E: Nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, hypotension May repeat q15 mins

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Antidiarrheal Meds

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S/E: Drowsiness, constipation, anticholinergic effs Monitor for urinary retention

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Pepto-Bismol

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Antidiarrheal S/E: Darkening of stools and tongue, constipation Give 2 hr before and 3 hr after other meds, do not give for more than 48hr

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Lomotil

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Antidiarrheal S/E: Sedation, tachycardia, dizziness Decr peristalsis, onset 45-60 min

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Compazine

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Antiemetic med S/E: Orthostatic hypotension, diplopia, photosensitivity

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Antiemetic Meds

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S/E: Drowsiness, sedation, anticholinergic effs Check CBC and liver func with prolonged use

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Reglan

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Antiemtic med S/E: Restlessness, extrapyramidal symptoms, dystonic rx Take before meals, use with tube feedings to decr asp

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Amphotericin B

answer

Antifungal med S/E: GI upset, hypokalemia, seizures, hematological, cardiac, and hepatic abnorms Protect med from sunlight

question

Questran

answer

Antilipemic med S/E: Constipation, rash, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency Sprinkle powder in beverage or wet food

question

Lisinopril

answer

AntiHTN, ACE inhibitor S/E: Tachycardia, MI, persistent dry cough Small, freq meals, change position slowly

question

Propanolol

answer

AntiHTN, Beta Blocker S/E: Bradycardia, cardiac dysrhythmias, impotence, bronchospasm Do not dc abruptly, provide rest periods, take with meals.

question

Cardizem

answer

AntiHTN, Calcium Channel Blocker S/E: Peripheral edema, angina, flushing, rash, impotence Do not chew sustained-release tabs, avoid grapefruit juice, monitor VS

question

Losartan

answer

AntiHTN, Ace Receptor Blockers S/E: Angioedema, renal failure, orthostatic HTN Monitor for edema.

question

Methyldopa

answer

AntiHTN S/E: Drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, CHF Don't dc abruptly

question

Hydralazine

answer

AntiHTN

question

Lithium

answer

Bipolar med, mood stabilizer S/E: Fine hand tremors, reversible leukocytosis Monitor blood levels, norm = 1-1.5meQ/L Intoxication signs: Vom, diarrhea, drowsiness, ataxia Have good fluid and salt intake

question

Tegretol

answer

Bipolar med, mood stabilizer S/E: Drowsiness, ataxia, CHF, thombocytopenia Check CBC, BUN, LFTs, basic urinalysis Drowsiness disappears in 3-4 days

question

Cisplatin platinol-AQ, Methotrexate, Bleomycin

answer

Antineoplastic med S/E: Bone marrow suppression, alopecia, renal toxicity Check hematopoietic func weekly, encourage fluids

question

Levodopa

answer

Antiparkinsonian med S/E: Mental status changes, twitching, anorexia Admin in long, prolonged doses, give with food

question

Sinemet

answer

Antiparkinsonian med, Levodopa plus Carbidopa S/E: Hemolytic anemia, dystonic movements, dry mouth

question

Plavix

answer

Antiplatelet med S/E: Hemorrhage, bleeding Check for bleeding gums, check before OTC meds

question

Aspirin

answer

Antiplatelet med S/E: GI bleeding, metabolic acidosis, tinnitus Observe for bleeding gums, give with milk, water, food

question

Antipsychotic S/E

answer

EPS--> Pseudoparkinsonism, dystonia (muscle spasm), acute dystonic reaction (tightening of jaw, oculogyric crisis), akathisia (inability to sit or stand still), tardive dyskinesia (abnorm involuntary movements) Tx: IM benadryl More: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rigidity, fever, ANS dysfunction, seizures, coma), orthostatic hypotension

question

Haldol

answer

Antipsychotic, high potency S/E: Low sedative effect, high incidence of EPS

question

Thorazine

answer

Antipsychotic, low potency S/E: High sedative effect, hypotension Patient has incr sensitivity to sunlight, no potential for abuse

question

Risperdal

answer

Antipsychotic, atypical S/E: Orthostatic hypotension, significant weight gain, moderate sedation, mild EPS

question

Acetaminophen

answer

S/E: Uncommon GI effects, liver dysfunction

question

Prophylthiouracil (PTU)

answer

Antithyroid S/E: Leukopenia, fever, jaundice Check CBC and hepatic function

question

Synthroid

answer

Thyroid Replacement S/E: Nervousness, palpitations, insomnia Take in morning, monitor weight, tell pt to report chest pain, sweating, obtain baseline VS

question

Isoniazid

answer

Antitubercular S/E: hepatitis, peripheral neuritis, fever Give B6 as prophylaxis for neuritis, check LFTs, avoid alcohol, give before meals, do not combine with Dilantin

question

Rifampin

answer

Antitubercular S/E: Hepatitis, fever Orange urine, tears, saliva, check LFTs, take with food

question

Dextromethorphan

answer

Antitussive S/E: Drowsiness, dizziness Monitor cough type and frequency

question

Guaifenesin

answer

Expectorant S/E: Dizziness, headache, nau/vom Take with glass of water

question

Acyclovir

answer

Antiviral S/E: Headache, seizures, diarrhea Slows progression of symptoms, does not prevent transmission, check LFTs and renal test

question

AZT

answer

Antiviral, used with AIDS S/E: Anemia, paresthesias, agranulocytosis Teach pts to strictly comply with dosing schedule

question

Ritalin

answer

Tx for ADHD S/E: nervousness, tachycardia, weight loss Monitor CBC, platelet counts, give at least 6 hr ac bedtime

question

Fosamax

answer

Tx/prevention of osteoporosis S/E: Arthralgia, esophagitis Take meds in morning with water and remain upright for 30 min, monitor bone density tests

question

Aminophylline

answer

Bronchodilators S/E: Nervousness, dizziness, tachycardia

question

Albuterol

answer

Bronchodilator, short-acting S/E: Nervousness, hyperactivity, TACHYCARDIA

question

Digoxin

answer

Cardiac glycoside S/E: Bradycardia, visual disturbances, abdom pain Monitor renal func, take apical pulse before admin dose Norm level: 0.125-0.5mg IV Toxic S/E: Halos around dark objects, heart block, dysrhythmias

question

Hydrochlorothiazide

answer

Diuretics S/E: Hypokalemia, hyperlycemia, hypotension Don't give at bedtime, weigh patient daily, encourage K+ foods

question

Spironlactone

answer

Diuretics S/E: Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hepatic/renal damage Avoid salt substitutes, give with meals

question

Furosemide

answer

Diuretics S/E: Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypotension Monitor BP, potassium. Weigh pt daily, don't give at bedtime, encourage K+ foods

question

Os-Cal

answer

Calcium supplement S/E: Dysrhythmias, constipation Monitor EKG

question

Magnesium chloride

answer

Magnesium supplement S/E: Weak or absent deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, resp paralysis Monitor respirations, test knee-jerk reflexes before each dose

question

Potassium chloride

answer

Potassium supplement S/E: Dysrythmias, cardiac arrest, resp paralysis Monitor EKG, take after meals with full glass of water

question

Feosol

answer

Iron supplement S/E: Nau, constipation, black stools Use straw to avoid staining teeth, monitor Hgb, NO milk for liq preparations

question

Dexamethasone

answer

Glucocorticoids S/E: Edema, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia Do not abruptly dc, check weight, protect from fractures

question

Laxatives/Stool Softeners

answer

S/E: Diarrhea, dependence

question

Bisacodyl

answer

Stimulant S/E: Mild cramps, nausea, diarrhea Do not take with milk, eff in 6-12 hr

question

Docusate

answer

Stool softener S/E: Abdom cramps

question

Metamucil

answer

Stool bulk-forming S/E: Obstruction of GI tract Take with a full glass of water.

question

Morphine sulfate

answer

Opioid, *** S/E: Sedation, resp depression, constipation Monitor VS, bowel patterns, observe for dependence

question

Dilaudid

answer

Opioid, *** S/E: Sedation, hypotension, urine retention Keep naloxone available, monitor bowel patterns

question

Oxycodone

answer

Opioid, *** S/E: Lightheadedness, sedation, constipation Admin with milk after meals

question

Nitroglycerin

answer

Antianginal S/E: Flushing, hypotension, tachycardia Subling q 5 min x 3, protect drug from light, do not dc abruptly

question

Ibuprofen

answer

NSAIDs S/E: GI upset, dizziness, headache Use cautiously with aspirin allergy

question

Cimetedine

answer

Anti-ulcer S/E: Diarrhea, confusion Dose at bedtime.

question

Levonorgestrel / Ethinyl Estradiol (BCP)

answer

Birth Control Pill S/E: Chance of DVT, nausea, breakthrough bleeding Take at same time daily, no smoking

question

Flomax

answer

Decr urinary urgency, hesitancy, nocturia in BPH S/E: Dizziness, headache, orthostatic HTN Change position slowly, admin at bedtime, admin 30 min after same meal each day

question

-afil

answer

phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor

question

-asone

answer

corticosteroid

question

-bicin

answer

antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent

question

-bital

answer

barbiturate (sedative)

question

-caine

answer

local anesthetic

question

cef-, ceph-

answer

cephalosporin antibiotic

question

-cillin

answer

penicillin antibiotic

question

cort

answer

corticosteroid

question

-cycline

answer

tetracycline antibiotic

question

-dazole

answer

anthelmintic; antibiotic; antibacterial

question

-dipine

answer

calcium channel blocker

question

-dronate

answer

bisphosphonate; bone resorption inhibitor

question

-eprazole

answer

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

question

-fenac

answer

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

question

-floxacin

answer

quinolone antibiotic

question

-gliptin

answer

antidiabetic; inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme

question

-glitazone

answer

antidiabetic; thiazolidinedione

question

-iramine

answer

antihistamine

question

-lamide

answer

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

question

-mab

answer

monoclonal antibody

question

-mustine

answer

alkylating agent (antineoplastic)

question

-mycin

answer

antibiotic; antibacterial

question

-nacin

answer

muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

question

-nazole

answer

antifungal

question

-olol

answer

beta blocker

question

-olone

answer

corticosteroid; anabolic steroid

question

-onide

answer

corticosteroid

question

-oprazole

answer

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

question

parin; -parin

answer

antithrombotic; anticoagulant (blood thinner)

question

-phylline

answer

xanthine derivative (bronchodilator)

question

-pramine

answer

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

question

pred; pred-

answer

corticosteroid

question

-pril

answer

ACE inhibitor

question

-profen

answer

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

question

-sartan

answer

angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARB

question

-semide

answer

loop diuretic (water pill)

question

-setron

answer

serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; antiemetic and antinauseant

question

-statin

answer

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; statins

question

sulfa-

answer

antibiotic; anti-infective; anti-inflammatory

question

-tadine

answer

antihistamine; antiviral; anti-influenza-A

question

-terol

answer

beta agonist; bronchodilator

question

-thiazide

answer

thiazide diuretic (water pill)

question

-tinib

answer

antineoplastic (kinase inhibitor)

question

-trel

answer

female hormone (progestin)

question

tretin-; tretin; -tretin

answer

retinoid; dermatologic agent; form of vitamin A

question

-triptan

answer

antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist

question

-tyline

answer

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

question

vir; -vir

answer

antiviral; (anti-HIV, anti-hepatitis, anti-herpes, anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV), anti-flu)

question

-vudine

answer

antiviral; nucleoside analogues

question

-zepam

answer

benzodiazepine

question

-zolam

answer

benzodiazepine

question

-zosin

answer

alpha blocker

question

-ase

answer

thrombolytic (clot buster) enzymes (wound debridement)

question

-azepam

answer

benzodiazepine (anxiety, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal)

question

-azine

answer

phenothiazine (psychosis, antihistamine)

question

-azole

answer

proton pump inhibitor (ulcers, acid secretion) antifungal (fungal infection)

question

-barbital

answer

barbiturate (sedation, anesthesia, insomnia, seizures)

question

cef-

answer

cephalosporins (anti-infectives)

question

-caine

answer

anesthetic

question

-cillin

answer

penicillins (anti-infectives)

question

-cycline

answer

antibiotic

question

-dipine

answer

calcium channel blocker EXCEPTIONS: diltiazem verapimil

question

-floxacin

answer

flouraquinolones (anti-infectives)

question

-pramine, -ptyline

answer

tricyclic antidepressants (depression)

question

-lone, -sone

answer

corticosteroids (metabolism, inflammation, electolytes, water)

question

-mab

answer

monoclonal antibodies (cancer)

question

-micin, -mycin, -kasin

answer

aminoglycosides (anti-infectives)

question

-navir

answer

antiviral, protease inhibitors (HIV, Hep C)

question

-olol

answer

beta blocker (post MI, HTN, dysrhythmias)

question

-oxin

answer

cardiac glycoside (CHF, dysrhythmias)

question

-osin

answer

alpha blockers (BPH, HTN)

question

-parin

answer

anticoagulant (prevent DVT, PE, MI, stroke)

question

-pril

answer

ACE inhibitor (diurese for HTN, CHF)

question

-statin

answer

HMG-COA reductase inhibitors (high cholestorol)

question

-sartan

answer

ARB angiotensin II blocker (diurese for HTN, CHF)

question

-terol and -terenol

answer

beta 2 agonist / sympathomimetic (asthma, COPD)

question

-thiazide

answer

thiazide diuretics (HTN, edema)

question

-tidine

answer

H2 antagoinst (ulcers, acid secretion)

question

-tropin

answer

pituitary hormone

question

-vir-

answer

anti-viral (HIV, Hep C) protease inhibitors (HIV, Hep C)

question

-zolam

answer

benzodiazepine (anxiety, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal)

question

-izine

answer

H1 antagonist (n/v)

question

-lukast

answer

leukotriene antagoinst (asthma, bronchitis)

question

-zoline, -edrine

answer

decongestent (nasal congestion)

question

-pressin

answer

pituitary hormone (vasoconstriction, Na in, K out)

question

-calc- or -calci-

answer

parathyroid hormone (effect calcium levels)

question

-cort-

answer

corticosteroids (metabolism, inflammation, electolytes, water)

question

-zolamide

answer

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (glaucoma, seizures, altitude sickness, ulcers, osteoperosis)

question

-setron

answer

HT3 antagonist (n/v)

question

-ine

answer

beta-adrenergic agonists (bronchodilate, increase vasc resist) ex: norepinephrine (Levophed), dopamine (Inotropin) used cardiac arrest, COPD adfx: anticholinergic, dysrhythmias

question

-pam

answer

benzodiazepine adfx: depression, CNS depression, addictive. d/c slowly caffeine and nicotine decreases effectiveness

question

-lol

answer

beta blocker adfx: bronchospasm

question

antibiotics general

answer

allergic reaction (after 1st time), superinfection, liver kidney toxic do C&S, encourage fluids, toxic when expired peak level about an hour after IV, trough just after it's hung

question

-mycin (micin)

answer

aminoglycosides-inhibit protein synthesis gram neg adfx:oto and nephrotoxic check cranial nerve 8 (ear)

question

ceph (cef)

answer

cephalosporin-tonsillitis, prophylaxis, meningitis-bacterial wall inhibitor adfx: bone marrow depression, GI upset, cross allergy w/pcn, protein/glucose in urine do not drink etoh, take with food

question

-floaxcin

answer

fluoroquinalones- dna inhibitor anthrax tx, e. coli adfx: decreased WBC, hct. elevated liver enzymes don't take with food

question

-thromycin

answer

macrolide-cell membrane binder used in pcn allergy. used for dental prophylaxis in valve disorders adfx: confusion, increases effects of coumadin, theophylline take without food

question

-cillin

answer

penicillin-inhibits synthesis of cell wall severe infx-syphillis, lyme disease... adfx: stomatitis, allergy take without food

question

sulf, zulf, bactrim

answer

sulfonamide-antagonizes folic acid synth UC, crohn's, uri adfx: peripheral neuropathy, photosensitive, crystalluria, stomatitis take with food, encourage fluids, mouth care

question

-cycline

answer

tetracycline-prevents protein synthesis baby eye drops, acne adfx: discoloration of primary teeth in utero or in early childhood, phototoxic, toxic when expired take without food

question

uti meds

answer

furadantin-anti-infective adfx: asthma attack, take with food and cranberry juice pyridian-urinary tract analgesic adfx: HA, vertigo, turns pee orange, take with meals anti-impotence drugs adfx: HA, hypotn, priaprism

question

grapefruit juice interaction

answer

lipitor, viagra, ...

question

anticholinergic

answer

block parasymp nerve dilate pupil, bronchodilation, decrease secretions, decrease GI motility and secretions uses: eye exams, motion sickness adfx:urinary retention, dry mouth, hypotn and inc HR probanthine, atropine, -bromide, ium not with meals or paralytic ileus

question

-arin

answer

anticoagulant adfx: bleeding, hematuria heparin blocks conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, used in PE, venous thrombosis, after acute MI. PTT: 30-75? antidote for heparin: protamine sulfate warfarin interferes with vit k clotting factors. used in PE, vt, prophylaxis after acute MI. adtl adfx: alopecia. takes 5 days for therapy to work PT: 14-35 INR: 2-3 vit c decreases effectiveness antidote for warfarin: vit k. avoid vit k while taking it. AVOID GARLIC, GINKO, GINGER w/ anticoags

question

anticonvulsant

answer

adfx: gingival hypertrophy, resp depression, aplastic anemia turn urine pink or reddish brown Dilantin: can cause cardiac arrest if pushed too fast CANNOT BE MIXED WITH ANOTHER MED no carbonation with depakote

question

mARplan, pARnate, nARdil (trade names)

answer

MAOI antidepressant-4 wk to effectiveness adfx: Hypertensive crisis with tyramine foods: aged cheese, liver, yogurt, beer, wine, pickled foods, herring, bologna, salami, bananas. potentiate alcohol, interactions with CNS stimulants or cold meds

question

-etine, -aline

answer

SSRI antidepressant- 4 weeks for effect adfx: anxiety, urinary/bowel retention, insomnia at hs, pink urine suicide risk on upswing

question

tricyclic antidepressant

answer

used also for sleep apnea amitryptalin (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil), desipramine (Norpramin) adfx: postural hypotension, confusion, urinary retention suicide risk take at hs 2-6 weeks for effectiveness wean off no alcohol, care in sun

question

heterocyclic antidepressant

answer

Wellbutrin, trazadone used also for smoking cessation adfx: wellbutrin- agitation and insomnia. trazadone- sedation wean slowly, no alcohol

question

-ase

answer

antidiabetic (also Dymelor) for type II only adfx: skin reaction, hypoglycemia take prior to eating- EAT. alcohol, aspirin, sulfonamides, oral birth control, maois affect action

question

glucagon

answer

used to reverse hypoglycemia change glycogen to glucose and release it to the body adfx: hypotn, bronchospasm. may repeat in 15 minutes. once alert, give longer acting carbohydrates

question

-ylate

answer

antidiarrheals (also immodium) adfx: anticholinergic, constipation cxn in unknown abd pain

question

antiemetics

answer

trimethobenzamide (Tigan), procorperazine (Compazine), metoclopramide (Reglan), meclizine (Antivert) block dopamine, increase GI motility adfx: anticholinergic, sedation prophylaxis for chemotherapy as well may cause Reye's used during viral infx

question

antifungals

answer

fungizone (Amphotericin), mycostatin (Nystatin) impair cell membrane adfx: liver dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pruritis take with food

question

anti-gout

answer

cholsalide (Colchicine), benemid (Probenecid), Zyloprim (Allopurinol) decreases uric acid Probenecid increases action of Cipro Colchicine used only in acute gout syndrome Probenecid for chronic adfx: agranulocytosis, renal calculi-flush kidneys at treatment may take with food/milk/antacids

question

Antihistamine

answer

chlor-trimeton, diphenhydramine (Benadryl), promethazine (Phenergan) adfx: drowsiness, anticholinergic, photosensitivity, bronchospasm hard candy for dry mouth

question

-statin

answer

antihyperlipidemia- statins block synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides (sequestrans-Questran-blocks absorption) adfx: constipation, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency take hs or at least 30 minutes before meals. assess diet cannot take with other meds

question

-pril

answer

antihypertensives ACE Inhibitors-affect arteries-vasodilation in whole body use for HTN and CHF adfx: lethargy initially, orthostatic hypotension take without food

question

-lol

answer

antihypertensives beta adrenergic blockers- decreases excitability of heart, decreases oxygen consumption use: angina, SVT, HTN adfx: bronchospasm, HR changes take with food, taper off to avoid rebound HTN

question

-ipine

answer

antihypertensives also diltiazem, verapamil calcium channel blocker-inhibit calcium influx across cell membrane to slow conduction and dilate coronary vessels and decrease HR uses: angina, HTN, interstitial cystitis adfx: hypotn, GI upset SR-do not chew, crush, open

question

-artan

answer

antihypertensives angiotensin II-receptors uses: HTN, heart failure, MI, neuropathy, stroke prophylaxis adfx: dizziness, GI distress SR-do not chew, crush, open

question

-azosin

answer

antihypertensive alpha 1-adrenergic blockers in peripheral vasculature use: HTN, BPH adfx: orthostatic hypotn, reflex tachycardia, Nasal Congestion, periph edema first dose at HS-causes fainting initially

question

centrally acting alpha-adrenergic

answer

antihypertensive centrally acting alpha-adrenergic-decrease rate and force of contraction Catapres, Aldomet uses: HTN adfx: orthostatic hypotn, Sedation taper off

question

direct acting vasodilators

answer

minoxidil, hydralazine (Apresoline)-relax smooth muscle uses: HTN minoxidil topical is Rogaine adfx: ortho hypotn, tachycardia (may use with B-blocker to prevent), increased hair check pulse when taking med

question

meds for bipolar disorder

answer

lithium, Tegretol, Depakote block catecholamines Lithium salt is dangerous: tight therapeutic range. blood drawn 2-3 weeks. 3000 mL water/day. evaluated q2-3 wk Tegretol, Depakote: antipsychotic/convulsant watch kidney and liver adfx: GI upset, Tremors, polydipsia, polyuria take with food.

question

alkylating agents

answer

anti-neoplastic- interferes with rapid DNA replication used: leukemia, multiple myeloma Csplatin, busulfan (Mylerin), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxin) adfx: very hepatotoxic, basic chemo adfx: bone marrow suppression, decreased WBC, platelets, RBCs, bleeding, GI s/s, alopecia, lost nails, infertility check hematopoesis, CBC

question

antimetabolites

answer

anti-neoplastic-inhibit DNA polymerase fluorouracil (5-FU), Methotrexate used: ALL, CA of breast, colon, pancreas adfx: basic- GI-N/V, ulcers, decreased RBC, WBC, plt

question

CA -mycin (trade name)

answer

anti-tumor antineoplastic-interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis. ex:Adriamycin use: CA adfx: basic chemo: stomatitis, alopecia, bone marrow suppression

question

hormonal agents

answer

antineoplastic- block hormone input into CA cells ex: tomoxifen, testosterone use: hormone-sensitive CA adfx: leukopenia, bone pain, hypercalcemia, effects of individual hormone

question

vin-

answer

Vinca-alkyloid antineoplastic. derived from periwinkle. interferes with cell division ex: vinblastine use: CA- affects every rapid producing cell in body adfx: CNA Depression, stomatitis, alopecia, bone marrow suppression check reflexes, give with Zyloprim to reduce uric acid and adfx risk of extravasation. check IV

question

-dopa

answer

antiparkinson. essentially replace dopamine (also parlodil) adfx: ataxia, anticholinergic, dizziness B6 can reverse effects, avoid CNS depressants

question

-azine

answer

antipsychotic-block dopamine receptors adfx: akasthesia, dyskinesia, dystonia, parkinsonian, tardive dyskinesia, leukopenia, can stunt growth in kids avoid etoh and caffeine

question

-cyclovir

answer

antiviral, inhibits DNA and RNA (includes non -cyclovirs too) use in herpes, HIV adfx: HA, dizziness, GI doesn't cure.

question

-dronate

answer

biophosphenates- antiosteoporosis inhibit bone resorption adfx: esophagitis, arthralgia

question

-tropium, -ol, -phylline

answer

bronchodilators uses:COPD, asthma (terbutaline for preterm labor) adfx: tachycardia, dysrhythmias, palpitations, anticholinergic take bronchodilator first

question

-zolamide

answer

anti-glaucoma, decreases production of aqueous humor adfx: blurred vision, lethargy, depression, anorexia, decrease potassium

question

-oxin

answer

cardiac glycoside-increase force of myocardial contraction, slow HR Left heart failure adfx: bradycardias, N/V, visual disturbance hold if pulse <60 in adult, <70 in older kids, <90 in infants, young kids check K+ levels- low potassium increases risk of toxicity. eat plenty of potassium loading doses--- 0.5, then 0.25, then 0.125 for daily dose antidote: digibind

question

-fate

answer

cytoprotective agents form barrier on duodenal ulcers adfx: constipation, vertigo, flatulance take without food

question

-sone

answer

glucocorticoids uses: asthma, COPD, some leukemias, Addison's, Crohn's adfx: infxn, mask s/s of infxn, insomnia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, psychosis, depression, stunted growth wean over time

question

ACE Inhibitors

answer

Antihypertensive

question

Acetaminophen

answer

Non Opioid Analgesic & Antipyretic

question

Acyclovir

answer

Antiviral

question

Albuterol

answer

Bronchodilator

question

Aldactone

answer

Diuretic

question

Allopurinol

answer

Antigout Agent & Antihyperuricemic

question

Ambien

answer

Sedative/Hypnotic

question

Aminophylline

answer

Bronchodilator

question

Amiodarone

answer

Antiarrhythmic

question

Amphotericin

answer

Antifungal

question

Ampicillin

answer

Anti-infective

question

Antacids

answer

Antiulcer

question

Antabuse

answer

Alcohol Abuse Therapy Adjunct

question

Aspirin

answer

Non Opiod Analgesic & Antipyretic

question

Atenolol

answer

Antianginal & antihypertensive

question

Atropine

answer

Antiarrhythmic

question

AZT

answer

Antiretroviral

question

Benadryl

answer

Allergy & Cough & Cold

question

Beta Blockers

answer

Antihypertensive

question

Calcium Channel Blocker

answer

Antihypertensive

question

Captopril

answer

Antihypertensive

question

Cialis

answer

Erectile Dysfunction Agent

question

Ciprofloxacin

answer

Anti-infective

question

Clozaril

answer

Antipsychotic

question

Codeine

answer

Allergy, Cough & Cold, Antitussive & Opioid Analgesic

question

Coumadin

answer

Anticoagulant

question

Cyclosporine

answer

Immunosuppressant & Antirheumatic

question

Digoxin

answer

Antiarrythmic & Inotropic

question

Dilatin

answer

Antiarryhmic & Anticonvulsant

question

Evista

answer

Bone Reabsorbtion Inhibitor

question

Fentanyl

answer

Opioid Analgesic

question

Flagyl

answer

Antiprotozoas, Anti-infective & Antiulcer

question

Gentamicin

answer

Anti-infective

question

Glucophage

answer

Antidiabetic

question

Haloperidol

answer

Antipsychotic

question

Heparin

answer

Anticoagulant

question

Imitrex

answer

Vascular Headache Suppressant

question

Insulin

answer

Antidiabetic Hormone

question

Kayexalate

answer

Hypokalemic & Electrolyte Modifiers

question

Keflex

answer

Anti-infective

question

Lactulose

answer

Laxitive

question

Lasix

answer

Diurectic

question

Levodopa

answer

Antiparkinson

question

Lidocaine

answer

Anesthetic

question

Lipitor

answer

Lipid Lowering Agent

question

Lithium

answer

Mood Stabilizer

question

Magnesium Sulfate

answer

Mineral & Electrolyte Replacement

question

Mannitol

answer

Diuretic

question

MAO

answer

Inhibitor Anti-depressant

question

Morphine

answer

Opioid Analgesic

question

Morphine

answer

Opioid Analgesic

question

Narcan

answer

Antidote

question

Neomycin

answer

Anti-infective

question

Neostigmine

answer

Antimyasthenics

question

Neupogen

answer

Colony Stimulating Factor

question

Neurontin

answer

Analgesic Adjunct, Anticonvulsant & mood stabilizer for chronic pain or bipolar

question

Nitroglycerin

answer

Antianginal

question

Pitocin

answer

Hormone, induces labor

question

Plaquenil

answer

Antimalaria & antirheumatic

question

Procrit

answer

Antianemic

question

Pronestyl

answer

Antiarrhythmic

question

Protonix

answer

Antiulcer Agent

question

Questran

answer

Lipid Lowering Agent

question

Reglan

answer

Antiemetic

question

Remicade

answer

Antirheumatic

question

Restoril

answer

Sedative & Hypnotic

question

Rifampin

answer

Antitubercular

question

Ritalin

answer

CNS Stimulant

question

Steroids (Prednisone)

answer

Anti-asthmatic & Corticosteroid

question

Synthroid

answer

Hormone for Thyroid

question

Tagamet

answer

Antiulcer Agent

question

Tetracycline

answer

Anti-infective

question

Thorazine

answer

Antiemetic & Antipsychotic

question

Tofranil

answer

Antidepressant

Medication Review – RN NCLEX – Flashcards

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