Medical Terminology Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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Ovaries
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Pair of almond shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. Egg cells are formed and stored in the ovaries.
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Ovum
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Female egg cell.
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Graafian follicles
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100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. It moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the uterine tube.
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Uterine, fallopian tubes
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Pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus.
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Fimbria
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Finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube.
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Uterus
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Pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.
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Endometrium
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Inner lining of the uterus.
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Myometrium
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Muscular middle layer of the uterus.
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Perimetrium
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Outer thin layer that cover the surface of the uterus.
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Corpus, or body
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Large central portion of the uterus.
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Fundus
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Rounded upper portion of the uterus.
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Cervix (Cx)
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Narrow lower portion of the uterus.
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Vagina
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A 3 inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body.
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Hymen
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Fold of the membrane found near the opening of the vagina.
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Rectouterine pouch
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Cavity between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum that is closed at the inferior end, also called douglas cul-de-sac.
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Bartholin glands
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Pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening.
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Mammary glands, or breasts
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Pair of milk-producing glands of the female. Each breasts consists of 15 to 20 divisions, or lobules.
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Mammary papilla
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Breast nipple.
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Areola
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Pigmented area around the breast nipple.
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Vulva, or external genitalia
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Two pair of lips, libia majora and liba minora, that surround the vagina.
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Clitoris
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Highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra.
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Perineum
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Pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus.
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Arche/o
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Combining form meaning first, beginning.
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Cervic/o
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Combining form meaning cervix.
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Colp/o, vagin/o
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Combining form meaning vagina.
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Culd/o
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Combining form meaning cul-de-sac.
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Episi/o, vulv/o
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Combining form meaning vulva.
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Gynec/o, gyn/o
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Combining form meaning woman.
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Hymen/o
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Combining form meaning hymen.
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Hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i
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Combining form meaning uterus.
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Mamm/o, mast/o
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Combining form meaning breast.
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Men/o
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Combining form meaning menstruation.
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Oophor/o
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Combining form meaning ovary.
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Perine/o
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Combining form meaning perineum.
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Salping/o
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Combining form meaning uterine tube, fallopian tube.
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Peri
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Prefix meaning surrounding.
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Atresia
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Suffix meaning absence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure.
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Salpinx
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Suffix meaning uterine tube, or fallopian tube.
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Amenorrhea
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Absence of menstrual flow.
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Bartholin adenitis
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Inflammation of a Bartholin gland, also called bartholinitis.
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Cervicitis
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Inflammation of the cervix.
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Colpitis, vaginitis
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Inflammation of the vagina.
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Dysmenorrhea
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Painful menstrual flow.
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Endocervicitis
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Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix.
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Endometritis
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Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus.
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Hematosalpinx
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Blood in the uterine tube.
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Hydrosalpinx
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Water in the uterine tube.
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Hysteratresia
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Closure of the uterus, uterine cavity.
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Mastitis
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Inflammation of the breast.
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Menometrorrhagia
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Rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstruation, and between menstrual cycles; increased amount.
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Menorrhagia
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Rapid flow of blood at menstruation, increased amount.
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Metrorrhagia
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Rapid flow of blood from the uterus between menstrual cycles.
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Myometritis
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Inflammation of the uterine muscle.
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Oligomenorrhea
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Scanty menstrual flow, less often.
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Oophoritis
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Inflammation of the ovary.
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Perimetritis
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Inflammation surrounding the uterus.
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Pyosalpinx
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Pus in the uterine tube.
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Salpingitis
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Inflammation of the uterine tube.
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Salpingocele
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Hernia of the uterine tube.
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Vulvovaginitis
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Inflammation of the vulva and vagina.
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Adenomyosis
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Growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus.
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Breast cancer
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Malignant tumor of the breast.
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Cervical cancer
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Malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. Its causes is linked to HPV.
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Endometriosis
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Malignant tumor of the endometrium, also called uterine cancer.
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Fibrocystic breast condition (FCC)
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Disorder characterized by benign cysts in one or both breasts; may cause discomfort, also called fibrocystic breast disease.
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Fibroid tumor
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Benign tumor of the uterine muscle, also called myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma.
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Ovarian cancer
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Malignant tumor of the ovary.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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Inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens. If untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina, involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. An ascending infection may result in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia.
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Prolapsed uterus
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Downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina, also called hysteroptosis.
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Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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Severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons, caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
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Vesicovaginal fistula
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Abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina.
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Cervicectomy
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Excision of the cervix.
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Colpoperineorrhaphy
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Suturing of the vagina and perineum, performed to mend perineal vaginal tears.
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Colpoplasty
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Surgical repair of the vagina.
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Colporrhaphy
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Suturing of the vagina, wall of the vagina.
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Culdocentesis
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Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from Douglas cu-de-sac, rectouterine pouch.
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Episioperineoplasty
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Surgical repair of the vulva and perineum.
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Episiorrhaphy
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Suturing of a tear in the vulva.
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Hymenectomy
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Excision of the hymen.
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Hymenotomy
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Incision of the hymen.
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Hysterectomy
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Excision of the uterus.
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Hysteropexy
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Surgical fixation of the uterus.
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Hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
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Excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries.
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Mammoplasty
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Surgical repair of the breast, performed to enlarge or reduce in size, or to reconstruct after removal of a tumor.
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Mastectomy
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Surgical removal of a breast.
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Mastopexy
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Surgical fixation of the breast performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry.
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Oophorectomy
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Excision of an ovary.
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Perineorrhaphy
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Suturing of a tear in the perineum.
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Salpingectomy
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Excision of a uterine tube.
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Salpingostomy
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Creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube, performed to restore patency.
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Vulvectomy
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Excision of the vulva.
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Total hysterectomy
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Excision of the uterus, abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic.
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Bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
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Excision of the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes.
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Radical hysterectomy
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Excision of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes; lymph nodes, upper portion of the vagina, and the surrounding tissues, abdominal.
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Laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy
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Vaginal excision of the uterus with the use of the laproscope to view the abdominopelvic cavity.
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Radical mastectomy
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Removal of breast tissue, nipple, lymph nodes, and underlying chest wall muscle; also called halsted mastectomy, rarely performed.
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Modified radial mastectomy
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Removal of breast tissue, nipple, and lymph nodes.
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Simple mastectomy
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Removal of breast tissue and nipple, also called total mastectomy.
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Subcutaneous mastectomy
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Removal of breast tissue only, preserving the overlying skin, nipple ad areola.
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Segmental mastectomy
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Removal of a quadrant, or wedge, of breast tissue.
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Lumpectomy
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Removal of the cancerous lesion along with a margin of surrounding healthy breast tissue, also called partial mastectomy or breast conserving surgery.
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Anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)
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Surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele, protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina, and a rectocele, protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina.
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Conization
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Surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer, also called cone biopsy.
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Dilation and curettage (D&C)
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Surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scrape the endometrium with an instrument called a curette. It is performed to diagnose disease, to correct bleeding, and to empty urine contents, such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage.
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Endometrial ablation
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Procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery
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Visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. Numerous female reproductive system surgeries are performed with this technique.
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Myomectomy
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Excision of a fibroid tumor, myoma, from the uterus.
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Sentinel lymph node biospy
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Injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes, the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. The nodes are removed and microscopically examined. If negative, no more nodes are removed.
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Stereotactic breast biopsy
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Technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion.
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Tubal ligation
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Closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying.
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Uterine artery embolization (UAE)
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Minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. First, an arteriogram is used to identify the vessels. Once identified, tiny gelatin beads, about the size of grains of sand, are inserted into the vessels to create a blockage. The blockage stops the blood supply to the fibroids causing them to shrink.
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Hysterosalpingogram
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Radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes, after an injection of a contrast agent.
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Mammogram
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Radiographic image of the breast.
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Mammography
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Radiographic imaging of the breast, also called digital mammography when images are obtained electronically and viewed on a computer.
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Sonohysterography (SHG)
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Process of recording the uterus by use of sound, an ultrasound procedure.
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Colposcope
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Instrument used for visual examination of the vagina and cervix.
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Colposcopy
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Visual examination with a magnified view of the vagina and cervix.
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Culdoscope
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Instrument used for visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac, recontouterine pouch.
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Culdoscopy
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Visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac.
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Hysteroscope
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Instrument used for visual examination of the uterus, uterine cavity.
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Hysterscopy
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Visual examination of the uterus, uterine cavity.
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Transvaginal sonography (TVS)
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Ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer places in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility.
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CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker)
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Blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer. It is also used to monitor treatment and to determine the extent of the disease.
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Pap smear
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Cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells; most commonly used to detect cancers of the cervix.
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Gynecologist
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Physician who studies and treats diseases of women, female reproductive system.
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Gynecology (GYN)
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Study of women, a branch of medicine dealing with health and diseases of the female reproductive system.
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Gynopathic
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Pertaining to diseases of women.
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Leukorrhea
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White discharge from the vagina.
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Mastalgia
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Pain in the breast.
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Mastoptosis
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Sagging breast.
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Menarche
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Beginning of menstruation, usually occurring between the ages of 11 and 16.
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Vaginal
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Pertaining to the vagina.
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Vulvovaginal
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Pertaining to the vulva and vagina.
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Contraception
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Intentional prevention of conception, pregnancy, may also be referred to as birth control.
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Dyspareunia
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Difficult or painful intercourse.
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Fistula
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Abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface.
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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
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Replacement of hormones, estrogen, and/or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause.
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Menopause
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Cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 40 to 53 years; may be induced to an earlier age surgically, bilateral oophorectomy or medically side effect of chemotherapy treatment.
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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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Syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache.
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Speculum
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Instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection.
