Medical Terminology: Chapter 19 Questions – Flashcards
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The combining form fibr/o means:
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fibers
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The combining form radi/o means:
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rays or x-rays
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The extent of spread of the tumor within the body is called its:
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stage
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Treatment with drugs to damage the DNA of cancer cells is called _______ therapy.
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chemo
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Adding drugs early in the course of treatment to hasten or assist primary treatment in attacking cancer cells would be considered:
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adjuvant therapy
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A cancer-treating substance that stimulates the body's immune system or other body defenses is called a(n):
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biologic response modifier
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Paul is receiving chemotherapy for his leukemia. Most likely, he will continue to receive chemotherapy until signs of the disease are absent; that is, until he achieves a:
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remission
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A mole, or nevus, that displays a highly abnormal but not clearly cancerous appearance is described as:
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dysplastic
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Dr. Gorman removed Mrs.Jakob's malignant tumor and told her that it was filled with thick, sticky fluid. The term for the gross description of the tumor is:
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mucinous
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Gross examination of the benign polyp in Mr. Devine's colon revealed it extended from a stem; the term for this description is:
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pedunculated
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Mr. Jeeters, 38, had stage I Hodgkin disease. Treatment with extensive external radiation eradicated the disease; therefore, this type of tumor is called:
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radiocurable
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The pathologist's report described the malignant tumor as fungating. According to this gross description, the tumor had:
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a mushrooming pattern of growth
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Thyroid and breast tumors may be ______, meaning they are large, soft, and fleshy.
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medullary
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Redness, swelling, and heat are characteristic of _____ tumors.
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inflammatory
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The ovaries are the most common site of this kind of tumor:
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cystic
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When malignant tissue is destroyed by burning, it is called:
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cauterization
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This is destruction of tissue by high-frequency electric sparks.
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fulguration
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When a tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes, it is called:
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en bloc resection
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Wide resection involving the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space is called:
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exenteration
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Lacking structures typical of mature cells is:
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undifferentiated
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This refers to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures.
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carcinoma in situ
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This term means resembling squamous epithelial cells:
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epidermoid
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Use of several chemotherapeutic agents together for the treatment of tumors is called:
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combination chemotherapy
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Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormones, and antimiotics all are types of:
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chemotherapeutic agents
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Radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source using a linear accelerator is:
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external beam radiation
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One of the most common staging systems is referred to as TNM, which stands for:
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tumor, nodes, metastases
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The prefix ana- means:
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backward
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The combining form carcin/o means:
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cancer
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The suffix -plasia means:
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formation
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A(n) _______oma is a cancerous tumor derived from embryonic nerve tissue.
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neuroblast
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An adeno______ is a cancerous tumor arising from glandular cells.
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carcinoma
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Neo_____ means new growth and refers to either benign or malignant tumors.
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plasm
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_______genesis is the identification of the type of tissue from which tumor cells arise.
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histo
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Osteo_____ is a malignant tumor of bone.
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sarcoma
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Once environmentally caused changes in DNA are established in a cell, they are passed on to daughter cells. These inheritable changes, or _____ , can lead to malignant growth.
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mutations
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Radiation is a(n) _________ when it produces leukemia in radiologists and survivors of atomic bomb explosions.
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carcinogen
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The combining form sarc/o means:
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flesh, connective tissue
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Characteristically, a _______ tumor grows slowly, is well-differentiated and noninvasive, and does not spread to a distant location; that is, it does not_______.
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benign, metastasize
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Another term for a retrovirus is:
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RNA virus
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Benign tumors are often_________, meaning they are contained within a fibrous capsule or cover.
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encapsulated
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Scraping and microscopic examination of cells from the region of suspected disease is called:
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exfoliative cytology
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This is used to inspect the peritoneal cavity for tumors.
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laparoscopy
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This detects human chorionic gonadotropin in serum of patients with testicular cancer.
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Beta-hCG test
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X-ray examination of the breast is:
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mammography
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Reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type is called ______ and is characteristic of malignant tumors.
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dedifferentiation
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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and ________ are protein marker tests for prostate cancer.
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acid phosphatase
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A piece of DNA whose activation is associated with the conversion of a normal cell into a cancerous cell is a(n):
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oncogene
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This diagnostic procedure involves the intravenous injection of radioactive substances to reveal abnormalities.
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radionuclide scan
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This diagnostic test localizes antigens, or proteins, in tissues using marked antibodies to assess presence and amount of specific molecules in both normal and tumor cells.
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immunohistochemistry
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The medical term for programmed cell death is:
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apoptosis
