question

Biofeedback

answer

The technique of making unconscious or involuntary bodily processes (as heartbeat or brain waves) perceptible to the senses in order to manipulate them by conscious mental control

question

Chemotherapy

answer

The use of chemical agents in the treatment or control of disease or mental disorder

question

Metastasis

answer

The spread of a disease-producing agency (such as cancer cells or bacteria) from the initial or primary site of disease to another part of the body

question

Myoelectric

answer

Utilizing electricity generated by muscle

question

Occupational Therapy

answer

Therapy based on engagement in meaningful activities of daily life (as self-care skills, education, work, or social interaction) especially to enable or encourage participation in such activities despite impairments or limitations in physical or mental functioning

question

Physical Therapy

answer

The treatment of disease by physical and mechanical means (as massage, regulated exercise, water, light, heat, and electricity)

question

Prosthesis

answer

An artificial device to replace or augment a missing or impaired part of the body

question

Radiation Therapy

answer

The treatment of disease by means of radiation (as X-rays)

question

What is chemotherapy?

answer

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs made of powerful chemicals to destroy fast growing cancer cells in your body.

question

Chemotherapy works by _____

answer

stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells

question

Chemotherapy can also harm healthy cells that divide quickly such as those that ____

answer

line your mouth and intestines or cause your hair to grow

question

Chemo targets ___ cells

answer

epithelial

question

Can chemo cure cancer?

answer

yes

question

Chemo has cured cancer when it destroys cancer cells to the point that your doctor can no longer___ and they ___

answer

detect them in your body, will not grow back

question

chemotherapy eases cancer symptoms when shrinks tumors that are causing ___

answer

pain or pressure

question

What is neo-adjuvant chemo?

answer

makes a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy

question

What is adjuvant chemotherapy?

answer

destroy cancer cells that may remain after surgery or radiation therapy

question

What is metastatic cancer?

answer

cancer that has spread to other parts of your body

question

What is recurrent cancer?

answer

cancer cells that have come back

question

Is there a risk of developing a second cancer with chemotherapy?

answer

yes

question

What is radiation therapy?

answer

Radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy most often gets its power from X-rays, but the power can also come from protons or other types of energy.

question

What is external beam radiation therapy?

answer

high-energy beams come from a machine outside of your body that aims the beams at a precise point on your body

question

What is brachytherapy?

answer

radiation is placed inside your body

question

radiation therapy damages cells by destroying ____

answer

the genetic material that controls how cells grow and divide

question

external beam radiation therapy is conducted using a ___

answer

linear accelerator

question

What does a linear accelerator do?

answer

directs high-energy beams of radiation into your body

question

Explain what factors determine whether an oncologist treats cancer with chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of the two.

answer

- depending on the age of the patient, the type of cancer, how much the cancer has spread, how the tumor has emerged, and the general health of the patient - may suggest a combination of chemotherapy and radiation treatment. This approach may be particularly useful for patients with advanced stage cancer, where cancerous cells have spread to one or more organs beyond the organ where the cancer originated

question

Why do patients undergoing chemotherapy often lose their hair?

answer

the chemicals in chemotherapy drugs are powerful medications that target rapidly growing cancer cells; these drugs cannot distinguish between other rapidly growing cells like hair cells, so they also attack your hair root

question

Why do you think many patients undergoing chemotherapy are also given medications simulating erythropoietin, a hormone in the body that stimulates the production of red blood cells?

answer

Patients receive these medications in order to stimulate and maintain a necessary amount of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body.

question

Why does chemotherapy often lead to anemia, and how does this anemia relate to the side effects of chemotherapy?

answer

If the red blood cell count is low, the cells are anemic and the body has to work harder to supply oxygen to the tissues of the body. This low count of red blood cells can make your body feel fatigued or short of breath, which are also side effects of chemotherapy

question

Megan just had surgery to remove a cancerous mass in her left breast. The doctor assures her that the entire tumor was successfully removed, but still suggests a round of chemotherapy. Why do you think the doctor recommends this course of treatment?

answer

Megan would probably be recommended to go through a course of chemotherapy even though her tumor was successfully removed to prevent any cancerous tissue left from spreading again

question

Explain why radiation therapy is often targeted towards the tumor or to a specific body region and not applied to the entire body

answer

Radiation therapy kills all cancerous tissue just as it would kill healthy cells so it has to be specifically target at a specific point on the body so that many healthy cells are not depleted.

question

During biofeedback therapy patients learn how their bodies ___ and monitor the way in which ___ change physiological output as measured on the screen

answer

respond to this stress, relaxation techniques

question

The eventual goal of this therapy is that patients will be able to positively affect their ____, even when not looking at their feedback data

answer

physical response to stress

question

feedback helps you focus on making ___ changes in your body, such as relaxing certain muscles, to achieve the results you want, such as reducing pain

answer

subtle

question

What is brainwave biofeedback?

answer

uses scalp sensors to monitor your brain waves using an electroencephalograph

question

What is breathing biofeedback?

answer

bands are placed around your abdomen and chest to monitor your breathing pattern and respiration rate

question

What is heart rate biofeedback?

answer

uses finger or earlobe sensors with a device called a photoplethysmograph or sensors placed on your chest, lower torso or wrists using an electrocardiograph (ECG) to measure your heart rate and heart rate variability

question

What is muscle biofeedback?

answer

placing sensors over your skeletal muscles with an electromyography (EMG) to monitor the electrical activity that causes muscle contraction

question

What is sweat glands biofeedback?

answer

sensors attached around your fingers or on your palm or wrist with an electrodermograph (EDG) measure the activity of your sweat glands and the amount of perspiration on your skin, alerting you to anxiety

question

What is temperature biofeedback?

answer

sensors attached to your fingers or feet measure your blood flow to your skin

question

in the past, patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma had only one treatment option: _____

answer

amputation

question

____ have allowed osteosarcoma patients to have surgery where limb amputation is no longer necessary

answer

Chemotherapy treatments

question

as many as 80-90% of osteosarcoma patients are candidates for___, where the cancerous bone is removed and the limb is saved from amputation

answer

limb-salvage surgery

question

during limb-salvage surgery, the surgeon removes the ___ while preserving the nearby tendons, nerves, and blood vessels; the bone that is removed is replaced with a___ or with an ___

answer

entire tumor, bone graft, endoprosthesis

question

What is a bone graft?

answer

healthy bone taken from another part of your body

question

What is as endoprosthesis?

answer

an artificial bone replacement made of metal or other materials

question

earliest example of prosthesis is a ___ in Egypt dated to between 950-710 B.C.E.

answer

big toe

question

most famous Ancient Roman in the history of prosthetics is ___, who is considered the first documented wearer of a prosthetic limb

answer

General Marcus Sergius

question

the history of prosthetics has always been intertwined with the ___

answer

history of warfare and the soldiers that fight

question

doctor ___ made significant advances in both amputation surgery, and the development of prosthetic limbs; first to introduce a ___, and a ___

answer

Ambrose Paré, hinged prosthetic hand, leg with a locking knee joint

question

___ was the most advanced limb in the history of prosthetics, and the company he founded continues to be a leader in the industry today

answer

Hanger Limb

question

At UNYQ, ____ is being used to create beautiful protective prosthetic covers that help restore symmetry to amputees' silhouettes, and inspire confidence

answer

3D printing technology

question

What is 3d printing or additive manufacturing?

answer

process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file

question

The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using ___. In an additive process an object is created by ____ until the object is created. Each of these layers can be seen as a ___ of the eventual object.

answer

additive processes, laying down successive layers of material, thinly sliced horizontal cross-section

question

Slicing is dividing a 3D model into ___ and needs to be done with software

answer

hundreds or thousands of horizontal layers

question

What is Direct 3d printing?

answer

- uses inkjet technology - nozzles in a 3-D printer move back and forth dispensing a fluid - nozzles or the printing surface move up and down so multiple layers of material can cover the same surface - dispense thick waxes and plastic polymers, which solidify to form each new cross-section of the sturdy 3-D object

question

What is binder 3d printing?

answer

- uses inkjet nozzles to apply a liquid and form each new layer - uses two separate materials that come together to form each printed layer: a fine dry powder plus a liquid glue, or binder

question

What is photopolymerization?

answer

a 3-D printing technology whereby drops of a liquid plastic are exposed to a laser beam of ultraviolet light; during this exposure, the light converts the liquid into a solid

question

___ provide care to people of all ages who have __ problems resulting from back and neck injuries; sprains, strains, and fractures; arthritis; amputations; ___ disorders, such as stroke or cerebral palsy; injuries related to work and sports; and other conditions

answer

Physical therapists, functional, neurological

question

___ help people with disabilities, injuries, and illnesses improve or recover their ability to perform ___. They may develop interventions that help a disabled child participate in school and social situations, help the elderly lead more active and independent lives, and make recommendations on how a person's home can be improved to better suit their health needs.

answer

Occupational therapists, everyday activities

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