Med Term Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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The root/combining form in the word astrocyte means
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star
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The word which refers to a loss of motor control and sensation as a result of injury to the spinal cord is
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paralysis
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A circumscribed dilation of an artery that can cause a stroke is a (n)
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aneurysm
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The word which is derived from the Greek meaning dance, and which refers to involuntary, irregular spasms of limb and facial muscles is
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chorea
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The prefix in the word trigeminal means
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three
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Which of the following conditions results from demylenization?
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Multiple sclerosis
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Which of the following words means the sensory experience preceding an epileptic seizure or a migraine headache?
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Aura
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Which of the following words means the body's natural pain reliever?
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Endorphin
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The root/combining form in the word narcolepsy means
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stupor
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Which of the following words means pertaining to within the subarachnoid or subdural space?
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Intrathecal
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Bell palsy is characterized by
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paralysis or paresis on one side of the face
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The root/combining form polio means
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gray matter
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Many congenital neurologic abnormalities can be prevented by the mother taking ________before conception and during early pregnancy.
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folic acid
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Which of the following classification of medications refers to a pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting seizure activity?
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Antiepileptics
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Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. It affects 10% of the population over 65 and 50% of the population over 85. Nerve cells in the areas of the brain associated with memory and cognition are replaced by abnormal clumps and tangles of a protein. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?
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The disease is chronic, progressive, and irreversible.
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Which of the following words means the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain?
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Electroencephalography
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used to describe the motor impairment resulting from brain damage in the infant or young child, regardless of the cause or the effect on the child. It is not hereditary. In congenital CP, the cause is often unknown but can be due to brain malformations or maternal use of cocaine; CP developed at birth or in the neonatal period is usually related to an incident causing hypoxia of the brain. Which statement best describes a child with this condition?
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There is a relationship to low levels of oxygen in the brain.
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The dura mater is the
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hard, fibrous, outer layer of the meninges
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The word for a web-like network of joined nerves is a ______________, and its plural is ______________.
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plexus; plexuses
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Of the following words, which one means pertaining to the skull?
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Cranial
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Which of the following words means a condition involving paralysis of one side of the body?
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Hemiplegia
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The epidural space is located
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above the dura mater
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A hereditary condition which starts with mild personality changes and progresses to involuntary, jerky, irregular movements and muscle weakness with dementia is
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Huntington disease
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An inflammation of the brain and spinal cord is called
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encephalomyelitis
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A condition caused by an excessive amount of CSF causing ventricular enlargement is
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Hydrocephalus
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The prefix in the word intervertebral means
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between
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The root/combining form in the word anesthesia means
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feeling, sensation
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A disease characterized by muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression is
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Parkinson disease
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The cause of a febrile seizure is a
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fever
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The root/combining form in the word syringomyelia means
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tube, pipe
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The congenital condition in which the cerebral hemispheres are absent is
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Anencephaly
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The definition of status epilepticus is
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a state of persistent seizures
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The phase immediately following a seizure is known as the
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postictal phase
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An inflammation of the brain is called
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encephalitis
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A collection of blood located outside the dura mater is called a(n)
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epidural hematoma
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The root/combining form in the word microangiopathy means
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blood vessel
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An invasive procedure in which a radiopaque dye is injected into the blood vessels of the neck and brain to detect blood vessels that are partially or completely blocked, aneurysms, or AV malformations is a
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cerebral angiography
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Which of the following words has a suffix which means covering?
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Neurilemma
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A tumor of the covering of the brain and spinal cord is called a(n)
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meningioma
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Mononeuropathy is a disorder
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affecting a single nerve
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A selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections is abbreviated as the
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BBB
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The word for a groove on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres is a ______________, and its plural is ______________.
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sulcus; sulci
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The term which means inability to coordinate muscle activity leading to jerky movements is
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ataxia
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A disease in which the body makes antibodies against myelin, thereby disrupting nerve conduction is
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Guillain-Barré syndrome
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Encephalopathy and liver damage in children, linked to aspirin use following an acute viral illness is known as
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Reye syndrome
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A disease caused by the immune system producing antibodies that attack the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells, causing drooping eyelids, weak eye muscles causing double vision, difficulty talking and swallowing, and muscle weakness in the limbs is
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Myasthenia gravis
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A blood clot in a cerebral artery that originates elsewhere in the body and causes a stroke is called a (n)
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embolism
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A congenital condition in which the head is small with small cerebral hemispheres and with moderate to severe motor and mental retardation is
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Microcephaly
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Which of the following words has a prefix meaning short?
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Brachytherapy
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The congenital condition in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae is
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Meningomyelocele
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The word which is derived from the Greek meaning deep sleep, trance and means a state of deep unconsciousness is
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coma
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A thrombolytic agent is abbreviated as a (n)
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TPA
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A condition caused by an excessive amount of CSF causing ventricular enlargement is
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Hydrocephalus
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The adult brain weighs around three pounds. Its size and weight are proportional to body size, not intelligence. Which of the following statements best describes the anatomy of the brain?
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The IQ of an individual cannot be predicted from the size of the brain.
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The C in LOC stands for
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consciousness
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The word cervical means pertaining to the
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neck
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An inflammation of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord is called
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meningitis
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Abnormal sensations such as tingling, burning, and prickling are called
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paresthesia
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The word cognition means the process of
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acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory
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The plural form of the word ganglion is
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ganglia
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Which of the following conditions refers to a chronic brain disorder caused by paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges?
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Epilepsy
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Which of the following terms means pertaining to the brain and spinal cord?
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Cerebrospinal
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A disease involving the brain is called a(n)
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Encephalopathy
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A diagnostic test in which CSF is removed for laboratory testing is called a(n)
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lumbar puncture
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A disease that is transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick is
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Lyme disease
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A diagnostic test which records the electrical activity in a muscle is a (n)
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electromyography
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The brain and spinal cord make up the
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central nervous system
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A person who is paralyzed in all four limbs has
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Quadriplegia
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Which of the following words forms the plural by adding "s"?
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Paresthesia
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A disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics is called
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Tourette syndrome
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The suffix in the word neuralgia means
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pain
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The word seizure means
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an event due to excessive electrical activity in the brain
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Herpes zoster (shingles) is an infection of peripheral nerves arising from a re-activation of the primary childhood viral infection ____________________.
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chickenpox
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The cranial nerve that moves the eye is the ______________ nerve.
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oculomotor
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Prions are linked to which of the following diseases?
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CJD and BSE
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The T in TBI stands for
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traumatic
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An accumulation of excess fluid in the extracellular spaces of the brain is called
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cerebral edema
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The root in the word endarterectomy means
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artery
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Acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine are examples of
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neurotransmitters
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