Med Term Ch 2 – Flashcards
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abdomen
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contains primarily the major organs of digestion; also called the abdominal cavity
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abdominal
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pertaining to the abdomen
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abdominopelvic
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pertaining to the abdominal and pelvic cavity;; contains the major organs of digestion, reproductive and excretory systems
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adenectomy
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surgical removal of a gland
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adenitis
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inflammation of a gland
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adenoma
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benign tumor that arises in, or resembles glandular tissue
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adenomalacia
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abnormal softening of a gland
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adenosclerosis
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the abnormal hardening of a gland
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adenosis
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any disease or condition of a gland
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adipose
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also known as fat; provides protective padding, insulation, suport, and acts as a nutrient reserve
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anaplasia
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change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
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anatomy
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the study of body structure
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anamoly
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a deviation from what is normal or expected
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anterior
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situated in front; also means on the front part of an organ
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aplasia
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Lack of development of an organ or tissue
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ascites
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an abnormal accumulation of clear or milky serous (watery) fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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caudal
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toward the lower part of the body
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cephalic
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toward the head
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communicable
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A disease that can be passed from one person to another; contagious, infectious
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chromosomes
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threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
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congenital
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an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth and may be caused by a developmental disorder before birth, prenatal influences, premature birth, or injuries during birth
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coronal plane
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aka frontal plane. Divides body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back)
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cytology
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study of the structure, function, and formation of cells
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cytoplasm
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material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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(DNA) part of the genetic material that organisms inherited from their parents
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distal
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situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
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dorsal
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refers to the back of the organ or body
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dysplasia
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abnormal development or growth of cells
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endemic
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ongoing presence of a diseasewithin a population, group or area
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endocrine glands
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ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. ex. pituitary, adrenal glands
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epidemic
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a sudden, widespread outbreak, usually of an infectious disease;
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epidemiologist
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a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
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epigastric
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pertaining to above the stomach
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epithelial
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tissue covers internal and external surfaces of body
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etiology
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study of the cause of disease
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exocrine gland
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gland that releases its secretions through tube like structures called ducts ex: sweat glands
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geneticist
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a specialist in the field of genetics
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hemophilia
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a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
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histologist
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a specialist in the study of cells and microscopic tissues
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histology
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the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
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homeostasis
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maintenance of a stable internal environment
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hyperplasia
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abnormal increase in number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue
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hypochondriac
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Means below the ribs; also means a person obsessed with health; having imaginary illnesses
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hypogastric
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pertaining to below the stomach
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hypoplasia
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Incomplete development of an organ or tissue
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iatrogenic
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an unfavorable response to a medical treatment
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idiopathic
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illness without a known cause
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iliac
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pertaining to the hip bone
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infectious
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illness caused by a pathogenic organism
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inguinal
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pertaining to the groin area (lower region of the abdomen)
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laparoscopy
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visual exam of the interior of the abdominal cavity with a scope
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lumbar
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refers to the inward curve of the spine; lower back
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membrane
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thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space or organ
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mesentary
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a layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine within the abdominal cavity
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midsaggital plane
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vertical plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves; aka midline
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nosocomial
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hospital acquired infection that was not present upon admission but appears 72 hrs or more after hospitalization
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nucleus
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structure within the cell with 2 important functions: controls activities of the cell and helps the cell divide
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pandemic
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An outbreak of a disease that spreads over a large geographic area possibly worldwide.
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parietal peritoneum
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the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal cavity
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pathologist
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specialist in the study of disease
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pathology
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The study of disease
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pelvic cavity
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the space formed by the hip bones; contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
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peritoneum
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Membrane surrounding and protecting the organs in the abdominal cavity
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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phenylketonuria
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a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing
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physiology
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Study of how things function
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posterior
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situated towards the back; also means the back part of an organ
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proximal
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situated nearest the midlineor begining of a body structure
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retroperitoneal
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located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
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sagital plane
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vertical plane that divides the body into unequal right and left portions
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thoracic
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aka chest cavity; protects the heart and lungs
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transverse plane
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aka horizontal plane; divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
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umbilical
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pertaining to the umbilicus; belly button area
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ventral
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refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ
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visceral
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pertaining to the internal organs
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aden/o
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gland
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adip/o
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Fat
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caud/o
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tail; lower part of the body
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cephal/o
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head
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col/o
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colon
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coron/o
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coronary, crown
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cyt/o
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cell
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hepat/o
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liver
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hist/o
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tissue
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hyster/o
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uterus
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lapar/o
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abdomen, abdominal wall
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nephr/o
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kidney
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oste/o
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Bone
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path/o
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disease
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retr/o
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behind, backwards
