MCAT inorganic Chemistry – Flashcards
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First/Principle Quantum Number
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Shall number, n. Size and energy of orbital
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Second Quantum Number (or Azimuthal Quantum Number)
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subshell number, l. Shape and energy of orbital.
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Third Quantum Number
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Orbital number, ml. Orientation of orbital
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Fourth Quantum Number
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Spin number, ms. Spin of electron in orbital.
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Aufbau principle
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Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals available
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Hund's rule
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Electrons in the same subshell occupy available orbitals singly, before pairing up.
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Pauli exclusion principle
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No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
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What's the order of electron configuration (according to Aufbau's rule)?
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1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10, 5p6, 6s2, 4f12
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What are the two exceptions to Aufbau's principle?
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half-filled and completely filled d and f subshells have extra stability (eg. Cr and Cu; transition metals)
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What's the difference between diamagnetic and paramagnetic atoms
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Diamagnetic atoms have their orbitals completely paired. Paramagnetic atoms do not have all of their electrons paired. Therefore, diamagnetic atoms would be repelled by the magnetic field--paramagnetic atoms would be ATTRACTED to the magnetic field.
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Alpha Decay does what to the # of neutrons and protons?
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Decreases the number of neutrons and protons in large nucleus
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Beta- Decay does what to the # of neutrons and protons?
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Decrease the number of neutrons, increases the number of protons
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Beta+Decay does what to the # of neutrons and protons?
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Increases the number of neutrons, decreases the number of protons
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Electron capture does what to the # of neutrons and protons?
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Increases the number of neutrons, decreases the number of protons
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What is ionization energy?
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The amount of energy it requires to remove an electron.
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What is electron affinity
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It is the amount of energy that's released when an electron is added. Negative=energy is released, whereas positive=energy is required. It is the energy associated with the addition of an electron to an isolated atom.
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What is Electronegativity?
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Is a measure of an atom's ability to pull electrons to itself when it forms a covalent bond.
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What's a polar covalent bond?
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When one molecule "hogs" the electrons (or has a higher electron density) in a covalent bond. One molecule has a much higher electronegativity than the other.
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What's a coordinate covalent bond?
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When one antom donates both of the shared electrons in a bond (Nitrogen in NH3 donates both electrons in its lone pair to form a bond to boron in the molecule BF3 to give the coordinate covalent compound F3BNH3). When a coordinate covalent bond breaks, the electrons that come from the ligand will leave with that ligand.
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What's a lewis base/ligand?
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When a molecule donates a pair of electrons (think of Lewis Dot Diagram--then you know it's electrons we're talking about)
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What's a Lewis acid/ligand?
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Whne a molecule accepts a pair of electrons.
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What's an ionic bond?
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When an atom gives its valence electron to another atom (achieves octet for both molecules I think); the bond is held together by electrostatic attraction, therefore it's called an ionic bond.
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Geometry of a family is determined by...
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The geometry of a family is determined by the amount of electron groups.
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What is an ionic solid?
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An ionic solid is held together by the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions in a lattice structure. Think in terms of Coloumb's law. Intermolecular forces=intramolecular forces.
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What's a network solid?
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A network solid contains atoms that are connected in a lattice of covalent bonds, meaning that all interactions between atoms are covalent bonds. Intermolecular forces=intramolecular forces.
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What are metallic solids?
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metals that contain conduction electrons (freely roaming valence electrons)
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What is vapor pressure?
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Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases in a closed system.
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Practically, what is vapor pressure?
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In plain terms, a liquid will evaporate at all pressures below its vapor pressure while remaining stable at pressure above the vapor pressure.
