Mastering Genetics: Development and Cancer – Flashcards
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All EXCEPT which of the following would be considered a good model of genetic organisms for studying development?
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humans
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What are maternal-effect genes?
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genes transcribed in the mother that regulate expression of genes in the offspring
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Immediately after fertilization of a Drosophila egg, the zygote nucleus undergoes a series of divisions. Subsequent nuclear migration generates a(n) ________.
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syncytial blastoderm
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In Drosophila, maternal-effect genes are influential in determining the anterior-posterior organization of the developing embryo.
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True
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What are the three subsets of segmentation genes that divide the embryo into segments along the anterior-posterior axis?
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gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity
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In Drosophila, the sequential order of the function of segmentation genes is ________.
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gap, pair-rule, segment-polarity
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Segmentation genes, such as the pair-rule class, are inherited through mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila.
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False
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Cancer is best described as a ________.
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genetic disorder at the cellular level
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Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell. Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?
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passenger mutations
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Which of the following statements describes metastasis?
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The ability to form secondary tumors at another site
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What is the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes?
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Oncogenes are mutant forms of proto-oncogenes.
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What is the role of the p53 protein in the cell cycle in normal cells?
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It temporarily arrests the cell cycle in G1 before entering S.
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The gene p53 is called the "guardian of the genome" because it corrects mutations in the spindle apparatus before nondisjunction can occur.
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False
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A tumor-suppressor gene normally functions to suppress cell division.
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True
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When the normal retinoblastoma protein is dephosphorylated, it acts to suppress cell division by binding to and inactivating the E2F transcription factor.
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True
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding heritability of cancer?
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At least two mutational events are required for a cell to become cancerous.
