question

What is the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome? A. A chromatid always consists of two linear DNA molecules, whereas a chromosome always consists of just one linear DNA molecule. B. Chromosomes are always replicated, whereas chromatids are not. C. Chromatids consist of DNA, whereas chromosomes consist of proteins. D. A chromatid is one half of a replicated chromosome, whereas a chromosome consists of DNA wrapped around proteins in a highly organized manner.

answer

D. A chromatid is one half of a replicated chromosome, whereas a chromosome consists of DNA wrapped around proteins in a highly organized manner.

question

During what phase of the cell cycle does the DNA become replicated? A. M B. G1 C. G2 D. S

answer

D. S

question

During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided. A. S B. Mitotic Phase C. G1 D. G2 E. Mitosis

answer

B. Mitotic Phase

question

During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes. A. S B. cytokinesis C. G1 D. interphase E. Mitosis

answer

D. Interphase

question

Mitosis is responsible for what key process in multicellular eukaryotes? A. Asexual Reproduction B. Growth C. Wound repair D. All of the responses are correct

answer

D. All of the responses are correct

question

Which answer correctly identifies a cell-cycle checkpoint with a criterion for passing it? A. Metaphase checkpoint: DNA is undamaged. B. G1 checkpoint: Chromosomes have replicated successfully. C. S checkpoint: DNA is undamaged. D. G2 checkpoint: Chromosomes have replicated successfully.

answer

D. G2 checkpoint: Chromosomes have replicated successfully.

question

Two important checkpoints that regulate the cell's progression through the cell cycle occur in the _____ and _____ phases of the cell cycle. A. prophase, telophase B. G1, S C. G1, G2 D. S, M

answer

C. G1, G2

question

Which of the following codes for proteins? A. Chromosomes B. Genes C. RNA D. Enzymes

answer

B. Genes

question

You are developing a new drug that damages the cells that provide the supportive structure required by a tumor. Which type of cell are you targeting? A. endothelial cell B. parafollicular cell C. immune system cell D. fibroblast

answer

D. fibroblast

question

A tumor would not be able to have its own blood supply if it weren't for which of the following? Choose all that apply. A. Immune System Cells B. Parafollicular Cells C. Endothelial Cells D. Fibroblast

answer

Both A and C

question

An environmental substance that is known to cause cancer is called a what? A. Mutagen B. Teratogen C. Mitogen D. Carcinogen

answer

D. Carcinogen

question

Radiation emitted from which of the following two sources are most alike? A. Cellphones and Cosmic Rays B. X-Rays and Microwaves C. Cosmic Rays and Lightbulbs D. Microwaves and Cellphones

answer

D. Microwaves and Cellphones

question

You are trying to discover if the pesticide atrazine is a mutagen. Where are you looking for mutations? A. Glucose Molecules B. DNA C. Mitochondria D. RNA

answer

B. DNA

question

Which of the following is true? A. A cancer-causing substance always directly damages DNA. B. A cancer-causing substance never directly damages DNA. C. No substance has ever been determined to cause cancer. D. Cancer-causing substances work in many different ways.

answer

D. Cancer-causing substances work in many different ways.

question

Which of the following best summarizes current scientific opinion regarding cellphones and brain cancer? A. Cellphones do not cause brain cancer B. While most studies indicate that cellphones cause brain cancer, the studies are not statistically sound. C. While most studies indicate that cellphones do not cause brain cancer, more research needs to be done as cellphone use increases. D. Cellphones cause brain cancer.

answer

C. While most studies indicate that cellphones do not cause brain cancer, more research needs to be done as cellphone use increases.

question

When cells were first taken from Henrietta Lacks, she was _____. A. Only two years old B. Suffering from cervical cancer C. In high school D. Already dead

answer

B. Suffering from cervical cancer.

question

How did doctors harvest and culture cells from Henrietta Lacks? A. A kidney that she donated to someone else was recovered when that patient died, and cells from the kidney were used to create a culture. B. Her body was recently exhumed from her grave, and cells were taken and grown in the lab. C. Cells were taken while she was being treated for cancer many years ago, and these cells have been cultured in the lab ever since. D. Her cells were frozen for many decades and have recently been thawed and grown in the lab.

answer

C. Cells were taken while she was being treated for cancer many years ago, and these cells have been cultured in the lab ever since.

question

Did doctors ask Henrietta Lacks' permission to take her cells, and was she paid for them? A. She was never told that her cells were being taken, but her family has since been compensated. B. She was never told that her cells were being taken, and neither she nor her family has been compensated. C. She granted her permission and was paid. D. She granted her permission but was not paid.

answer

B. She was never told that her cells were being taken, and neither she nor her family has been compensated.

question

What property of Henrietta Lacks' cells was most unusual when they were grown in the laboratory? A. They never divided B. They did not require nutrients C. They grew to more than 10 times their normal size D. They continue to divide and multiply after decades of culture.

answer

D. They continue to divide and multiply after decades of culture

question

Cells taken from Henrietta Lacks have been used for experiments leading to _____. A. Tests of the effects of atomic radiation on life B. New treatments for cancer C. The development of a polio vaccine D. All of the above

answer

D. All of the above

question

Which of these is NOT a carcinogen? A. Fat B. Cigarette Smoke C. Testosterone D. UV light E. All of the above are carcinogens

answer

E. All of the above are Carcinogens.

question

_____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer. A. Fat B. UV Light C. Estrogen D. A Virus E. Testosterone

answer

A. Fat

question

Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage? A. Watson and Crick B. Franklin C. Hershey and Chase D. Darwin and Wallace E. Meselson and Stahl

answer

C. Hershey and Chase

question

The radioactive isotope 32P labels the T2 phage's _____. A. Tail B. DNA C. Head D. Base Plate E. Protein Coat

answer

D. DNA. The T2 phage consists of a protein coat and DNA. It is the DNA that contains P.

question

Hershey and Chase used _____ to radioactively label the T2 phage's proteins. A. 35S B. 14C C. 222Ra D. 92U E. 32P

answer

A. 35S. Hershey and Chase used radioactive sulfur to label the phage's proteins.

question

After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and Chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cell. They then examined the infected cells and found that they contained _____, which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material. A. Labeled Protein ... DNA B. Labeled Protein ... Protein C. Labeled DNA ... Labeled Protein D. Labeled DNA ... Protein E. Labeled DNA ... DNA

answer

E. Labeled DNA ... DNA

question

For the Meselson-Stahl experiment shown in Figure 15.5, what would be the composition of the DNA after three generations? A. 7/8 low-density and 1/8 high-density B. 1/2 low-density and 1/2 intermediate-density C. All intermediate-density D. 3/4 low-density and 1/4 intermediate-density

answer

D. 3/4 low-density and 1/4 intermediate-density

question

The primers used for DNA synthesis are ______. A. Short DNA sequences B. Short amino acid sequences (peptides) C. RNA polymers D. Proteins that bind to a single strand DNA E. Short RNA sequences

answer

E. Short RNA sequences

question

What would be the consequence(s) for DNA synthesis if DNA ligase were defective? A. Lagging strand synthesis would be incomplete; leading strand synthesis would be largely unaffected. B. Leading strand synthesis would be mostly incomplete; lagging strand synthesis would be unaffected. C. Both leading and lagging strand synthesis would be mostly incomplete. D. Both leading and lagging strand synthesis would be unaffected.

answer

A. Lagging strand synthesis would be incomplete; leading strand synthesis would be largely unaffected.

question

What would be the consequence(s) for DNA synthesis if primase were defective? A. Both leading and lagging strand synthesis would be unaffected. B. Both leading and lagging strand synthesis would be incomplete. C. Leading strand synthesis would be incomplete; lagging strand synthesis would be unaffected. D. Lagging strand synthesis would be incomplete; leading strand synthesis would be unaffected

answer

B. Both leading and lagging strand synthesis would be incomplete.

question

Replication Fork

answer

During DNA replication, an open section of DNA, in which a DNA polymerase can replicate DNA.

question

Okazaki Fragments

answer

Are the short sections of DNA that are synthesized on the lagging strand of the replicating DNA.

question

After replication is complete, the new DNAs, called ________________, are identical to each other.

answer

Daughter DNA

question

The enzyme that can replicate DNA is called

answer

DNA Polymerase

question

The new DNA strand that grows continuously in the 5' to 3' direction is called the

answer

Leading Strand

question

Short segments of newly synthesized DNA are joined into a continuous strand by _____.

answer

Ligase

question

After DNA replication is completed, _____.

answer

each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

question

The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____.

answer

Helicase

question

The action of helicase creates _____.

answer

replication forks and replication bubbles

question

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments?

answer

DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction.

question

The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____.

answer

RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand.

question

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand.

answer

Template

question

What catalyzes DNA synthesis?

answer

DNA Polymerase

question

Which of the following statements about DNA synthesis is true? A. Primers are short sequences that allow the initiation of DNA synthesis. B. DNA polymerase adds dNTP monomers in the 3' to 5' direction. C. As DNA polymerase moves along the template strand, each new nucleotide provides a 5' hydroxyl group for the next reaction to occur. D. Nucleotides are added in a random fashion to single-stranded DNA.

answer

Primers are short sequences that allow the initiation of DNA synthesis.

question

Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?

answer

Phosphate Groups

question

Which of the following enzymes creates a primer for DNA polymerase?

answer

Primase

question

Which of the following statements about Okazaki fragments in E. coli is true? A. They are sealed together by the action of helicase. B. They are formed on the lagging strand of DNA. C. They are usually 50 to 500 bases long. D. They are synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction.

answer

B. They are formed on the lagging strand of DNA.

question

Which of the following enzymes is important for relieving the tension in a helix as it unwinds during DNA synthesis? A. Helicase B. Topoisomerase C. Single-strand binding proteins D. Ligase

answer

B. Topoisomerase

question

True or false? Single-stranded DNA molecules are said to be antiparallel when they are lined up next to each other but oriented in opposite directions.

answer

True

question

In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand. A. uracil ... cytosine B. thymine ... cytosine C. guanine ... adenine D. cytosine ... uracil E. cytosine ... thymine

answer

B. Thymine ... Cytosine

question

After DNA replication is completed, _____. A. each of the four DNA strands consists of some old strand parts and some new strand parts B. one DNA double helix consists of two old strands and one DNA double helix consists of two new strands C. there are four double helices D. each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands E. each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand

answer

E. Each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA.

question

The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____. A. ligase B. helicase C. DNA polymerase D. primase E. single-strand binding protein

answer

B. Helicase

question

The action of helicase creates _____. A. DNA fragments and replication forks B. DNA fragments and replication bubbles C. primers and DNA fragments D. replication forks and replication bubbles E. primers and replication bubbles

answer

D. Replication Forks and Replication Bubbles

question

Why is the new DNA strand complementary to the 3' to 5' strands assembled in short segments? A. DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction B. it is more efficient than assembling complete new strands C. only short DNA sequences can extend off the RNA primers D. DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 3' to 5' direction E. the replication forks block the formation of longer strands

answer

A. DNA polymerase can assemble DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction.

question

The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____. A. short pieces of DNA B. poly(A) tail C. RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand D. Okazaki fragment E. single-strand binding protein

answer

C. RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand.

question

An old DNA strand is used as a _____ for the assembly of a new DNA strand. A. primer B. source of nucleotides C. complement D. model E. template

answer

E. Template

question

Telomerase is needed to ______. A. prevent the loss of DNA bases at the ends of linear chromosomes B. open the two strands of DNA in front of the replication fork C. create repetitive DNA sequences that allow the assembly of the kinetochore D. synthesize telomere proteins E. allow DNA replication at the ends of chromosomes to occur in the 3' to 5' direction

answer

A. Prevent the loss of DNA bases at the ends of linear chromosomes.

question

Why does telomerase have to have a built-in template for DNA synthesis? A. Telomerase is involved in adding DNA to the end of the lagging strand. B. Telomerase is involved in adding DNA to the end of the leading strand. C. All of lagging strand synthesis requires genetic information that is not present in the parent DNA molecule. D. All of leading strand synthesis requires genetic information that is not present in the parent DNA molecule.

answer

A. Telomerase is involved in adding DNA to the end of the lagging strand.

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