Marriage & Family- Final Exam Review – Flashcards
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Women who worked full time in 2011 earned _____ cents for every dollar earned by men. A. 82 B. 62 C. 92 D. 72
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A. 82
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Some career women choose to ________ the labor force in order to stay home with their children for a time. A. "say a permanent goodbye" to B. "opt out"of C. reject D. "turn their back on"
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B. "opt out"of
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The text observes that a little over half of home-based workers are women. Besides catching up on work, the reason they give most often for working working at home is A. A personal sense of entrepreneurship. B. Fear of the workplace. C. To coordinate work with personal/ family needs. D. An instance on not taking orders from others.
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C. To coordinate work with personal/ family needs.
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The text points out that virtually all research and other writings on the subject suggest that today's typical American family is A. Nonstressful B. Rushed and Stressed C. Conflict-ridden D. Peaceful and Loving
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B. Rushed and Stressed
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Research on racial/ ethnic differences finds that the pattern of men's spending less time than women on housework occurs in white, black, and Hispanic families. A. True B. False
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A. True
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_______ involves an employee being able to take an extended period of time off from work, either paid or unpaid for maternity, paternity, ill-child and elder care purposes. A. Flex Time B. Family Leave C. Personal Days D. Family Vacation
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B. Family Leave
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University of Michigan researchers cited in the text use the term "________" in noting that, as men and women are both putting in more hours for employment, the total amount of time a couple spends on house work has declined. A. Leisure world B. Second shift C. Vanishing housework D. Stalled revolution
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C. Vanishing housework
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The pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in different types of jobs is termed ______. A. Occupational Segregation B. Work Sexism C. Gender Inconsistency D. Occupational Socialization
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A. Occupational Segregation
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Study after study shows that marital satusfaction is greater when ________. A. The man provides and the woman does the household work. B. Husband feel that wives share fairly easy the outside employment. C. Wives feel hat husbands share fairly in the household work. D. Husbands actually participate equally in the household work.
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C. Wives feel hat husbands share fairly in the household work.
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The text concludes that when both partners develop constructive habitats, all of their problems will be solved. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Mike has agreed to go out to eat with his wife Ellen, but at the same time yawns and says that he is tired and had a hard day at work. Mike's behavior illustrates. A. a mixed or double message B. an "I" message C. Checking-it-out D. martrying
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A. a mixed or double message
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When faced with a complaint from their partner, men tend to withdraw emotionally while women do not. This response is so common that therapists have named it the "________ pattern". A. Sabotage B. Belligerence C. Female-demand/Male-withdrawal D. Refusing-to-accept-influence
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C. Female-demand/Male-withdrawal
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Chronic criticism, nagging, nitpicking, and sarcasm are all forms of A. Poor conflict management B. Negative attribution C. Passive-Aggression D. Anger "instead a."
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C. Passive-Aggression
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Contempt, critical, defensiveness, stonewalling, and belligerence characterize unhappy marriages and signal impending divorce. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Mark is unhappy because his wife invited friends over when he wanted to relax. He decides to act bored during the entire evening. Marks behavior reflects A. Healthy Anger B. Sabotage C. Displacement D. An anger "instead"
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B. Sabotage
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Conflict is a natural part of every relationship. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Deborah Tannen argues that men typically engage in conversation aimed mainly at conveying information, which she refers to as A. Self-disclosure B. Report Talk C. Ventilation D. Rapport Talk
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B. Report Talk
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Many married couples many feel uncomfortable about expressing their anger directly. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Social psychologist John Gottman identified "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse." Which of the following is NOT one of these? A. Contempt B. Sabotage C. Stonewalling D. Critism
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B. Sabotage
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Cristina is angry with her husband John for spending too much time and energy on his business endeavors, but she expresses hatred for his every expensive car. This is an illustration of A. Displacement B. Sabotage C. Suppression of anger D. An Anger "Instead"
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A. Displacement
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The emotional bonding of family members is referred to as A. Family Cohesion B. Consensual Family C. Resilient Family D. Strong Family
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A. Family Cohesion
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According to the text, contempt, Croatian, defensiveness, stonewalling, and belligerence A. Can be transformed to positive features of marriage. B. Characterize unhappy marriages and signal impending divorce. C. Are examples of supportive communication. D. Are barrier strengths to divorce.
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B. Characterize unhappy marriages and signal impending divorce.
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Social psychologist John Gottman has made his reputation in the field of A. Sex Therapy B. Listening Therapy C. Marital Communication D. Clinical Social Work
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C Marital Communication
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Cohabitants and those who have been previously divorced are especially likely to maintain separate _________. A. Pets B. Money C. Social Lives D. Homes
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B. Money
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Husbands or Male partners may be subject to abuse from intimate partners, as many same-sex partners of gay males and lesbians. A. True B. False
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A. True
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______ is the most important data on violence collected by the Department of Justice. A. The Bureau of the Census Annual Report B. The National Crime Victimization Survey C. U.S. Government Documents D. The Uniform Crime Reports
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B. The National Crime Victimization Survey
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Of the various forms of sexual abuse, which is the most emotionally charged? A. Fonding B. Incest C. Rape D. Exposure
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B. Incest
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Current evidence indicates that equitable relationships are generally more apt to be stable and satisfying. A. True B. False
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A. True
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The silent treatment is a form of ________ power. A. Reward B. Expert C. Coercive D. Authoritive
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C. Coercive
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George is accused of fonding the sexual organs of a minor child not related to him. This reflects A. Sexual Abuse B. Incest C. Sexual Violence D. Menacing
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A. Sexual Abuse
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The text mentions several ways to stop relationship violence. Which of the following is NOT one of these? A. Counseling and group therapy directed towards abusive male partners (or the couple). B. The shelter movement C. The criminal justice system D. Telephone hotlines
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D. Telephone hotlines
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The text suggests six bases or sources of power. Which of the following is NOT one of these? A. Expert B. Reward C. Coercive D. Authoritive
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D. Authoritive
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When women kill their partner, it is usually A. Malicious and inentional B. Out of desperation to exit a violent relationship C. A matter of manslaughter D. Out of rage against the partner
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B. Out of desperation to exit a violent
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For the most part, research shows that partners' subjective perception of fairness is more powerful than actual fairness in determining marital satisfaction. A. True B. False
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A. True
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George is a high-school senior and wants very much to go to college. His mother and father promise to pay his tuition, provided he agrees to attend the school of their choice. George's mother and father's behavior illustrates which source of power? A. Reward B. Authoritive C. Coercive D. Expert
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A. Reward
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Family Researcher Steven Nock reviews the future as on of _______ couples. A Childless B. Dual-Career C. Mutually Economically Dependent D. Unmarried
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C. Mutually Economically Dependent
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Abuse children live in families of all socioeconomic levels, races, nationalities, and religious groups, although child abusers is reported more frequently among _______ families. A. Upper-Class nonwhite B. Lower-Class nonwhite C. Middle-Class white D. Upper-Middle-Class white
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B. Lower-Class nonwhite
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Allowing children to witness violence between partners might be constructed as A. Incest B. Sibling Violence C. Emotional Child Abuse D. Sexual Abuse
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C. Emotional Child Abuse
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The text observes that although it may not affect marital quality, employment might nevertheless contribute to a divorce by giving an unhappily married woman the economic power, the increased independence, and the self-confidence to help her decide on divorce. This set of circumstances illustrates what is called the __________ effect. A. Independence B. Dependence C. Divorce D. Income
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A. Indepemdence
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Improvements in unhappy marriages come about for various reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons cited in the text? A. The passage of time (children got older, job or other problems involved) B. Individual partners made personal changes (work, travel, hobbies, etc.) C. Hormonal changes (helped with moods and fighting) D. Partners' efforts to work on problems, make changes, and communicate better
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C. Hormonal changes (helped with moods and fighting)
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According to the most systematic investigation, marital complaints made by both men and women are usually about A. Not enough money B. Deficiencies in the emotional equality of the marriage C. Not enough sex D. Infidelity
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B. Deficiencies in the emotional equality of the marriage
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In which of the following race/ethic categories are children least likely to be living in two-parent families? A. Hispanic B. Asian C. African American D. Native American
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C. African American
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Wallerstein and her colleagues followed their sample of children of divorce for ten years. In terms of the impact of divorce on these children ten years later, the overall impression left by their research is one of A. Regret B. Sorrow C. Loss D. Anger
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C. Loss
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The text points out that children, fear of losing the child, religion, and a lack of financial resources are sometimes perceived by spouses as _________ divorce. A. Consequence of B. Concomitants of C. Barriers to D. Preludes to
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C. Barriers to
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Marie lives in Paris, France, and is the custodial parent of her 2-year-old son. Even if her ex-husband fails to pay his court-ordered child support, the government sends Marie the full amount of support awarded to her son. This procedure is referred to in the text as A. Government-Based child support allowance B. Guaranteed child support C. Cost-Sharing child support D. A children's allowance
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B. Guaranteed child support.
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There are a variety of demographic and behavioral factors that are related to divorce rates. Which of the following is NOT one of these? A. Young children tend to destabilize marriage. B. Partial pregnancy and childbearing increase the risk of divorce in a subsequent marriage. C. Race and the ethnicity are differentially associated with the chances of divorcing. D. Remarried mates are more likely to divorce.
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A. Young children tend to destabilize marriage.
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Under "fault" divorce statues, which of the following grounds was the most easily proven? A. Non-Support B. Mental Cruelty C. Alienation of Affection D. Adultery
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B. Mental Cruelty
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Research on communication patterns in stepfamilies reveals several different communication patterns. In which pattern does communication flow freely, involving all members of the stepfamily equally? A. Outsider Triad B. Complete Triad C. Adult-Coalition Triad D. Linked Triad
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B. Complete Triad
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One stepfamily scholar (Papernow) has suggested a seven-stage model of stepfamily development. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in this model? A. Rebellion B. Awareness C. Fantasy D. Immersion
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A. Rebellion
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According to the text, considerable research has shown that on average, in comparison with children in first-marriage families, stepchildren of all ages A. Are somewhat less well-adjusted. B. Do equally well in school. C. Experience an equal amount of family conflict. D. Are less likely to become juvenile delinquents.
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A. Are somewhat less well-adjusted.
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Because of the cultural ambiguity of remarried family relationships, social scientist Andrew Cherlin calls the remarried family a(n) A. Nuclear-family monopoly B. Incomplete institution C. Absent cultural script D. Normless norm
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B. Incomplete institution
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The text observes that today, more and more stepfamilies result from A. Separation rather than divorce B. Illegal marriage C. Cohabitation D. First marriages
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C. Cohabitatiom
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According to the latest government statistics available, remarriages have been less ________ than first marriages. A. Exogamous B. Emdogamous C. Heterogenous D. Homogamous
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D. Homogamous
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Remarriages are less stable than first marriages. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Today the vast majority of remarried a have been _______. A. married multiple times B. Widowed C. Divorced D. Unfaithful
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C. Divorced
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Marital happiness (or satisfaction and marital stability are essentially the same. A. True B. False
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B. False
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According to the text, the nuclear-family model A. Applies to some remarried families. B. Is irrelevant to remarried families. C. Is most appropriate for remarried families. D. Does not work well for most remarried families.
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D. Does not work well for lost remarried families.
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Historically, well into the twentieth century, almost all stepfamilies we reformed after A. Legal Separation B. Cohabitation C. Divorce D. The death of a spouse
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D. The death of a spouse
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The text points out that remarriages dissolve at higher rates than first marriages, especially for remarried couples who have A. No stepchildren B. Biological children of their own C. Stepchildren D. No biological children
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C. Stepchildren
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Cohabiting stepfamilies are more likely to experience ________ that are remarried stepfamilies. A. Multi-layered tole confusion B. Boundary ambiguity C. Gender mistrust D. Unequal division of labor
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B. Boundary ambiguity
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Remarrying women generally benefit __________ more than do remarrying men. A. Emotionally B. Financially C. Parentally D. Socially
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B. Financially
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It may help to think of a stepfamily as a ________ family- a new family type that includes members of the two (or more) families that existed before the divorce and remarriage. A. Nuclear B. Modified or Extended C. Binuclear D. Extended
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C. Binuclear
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Cultural norms clearly indicate how step parents should play their role. A. True B. False
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B. False
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When either spouse enters a remarriage with children, the couple's Union is usually A. Incredibly unstable B. Very much like a first marriage C. Very similar to cohabiting couples D. Not taken seriously
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B. Very much like a first marriage
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The text points out that choosing a remarriage partner differs from making a marital choice the first time in as much as there is a(n) A. Sense of pessimism surrounding the counter ship process. B. Atmosphere of fear and doubt. C. Smaller pool of eligibles with a wider range on any given attribute. D. Feeling of getting "used merchandise".
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C. Smaller pool of eligibles with a wider range on any given attribute.
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Until well into the twentieth century, almost all remarriages followed widowhood. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Battered women's lack of personal power begins with A. Subordinate status B. Anger C. Fear D. Economic hardship
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C. Fear
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Divorces occur relatively early in marriage. The median length of a first marriage that ends in divorce is about _________ years. A. 6 B. 2 C. 8 D. 4
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C. 8
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Most observers (though not all) conclude that the divorce rate ___________. A. is beginning to decline B. is still on the rise C. has stabilized for the time being D. has declined drastically in the last few years
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C. has stabilized for the time being
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__________ divorce laws, which exist in all fifty states, have eliminated legal concepts of guilt and are a symbolic representation of how our society now views divorce. A. No-custody B. Equal party C. No-fault D. Mutual
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C. No-fault
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The feeling that one's spouse is inferior or undesirable reflects A. Criticism B. Stonewalling C. Contempt D. Belligerence
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C. Contempt
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The pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in different types of jobs is termed __________. A. Gender inconsistency B. Occupational segregation C. Occupational socialization D. Work sexism
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B. Occupational segregation
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In general, __________ men spend more time in unpaid family work than do Caucasian men. A. Native American B. African American C. Asian American D. Hispanic
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B. African American
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Most research presents a consistent picture of post-divorce __________ for women. A. Economic improvement B. Economic decline C. Occupational opportunity D. Career enhancement
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B. Economic decline
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Income loss has been found to __________ the likelihood of divorce. A. Decrease B. Lessen C. Increase D. Have no effect on
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C. Increase
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Women's remarriage rate is __________ men's. A. Almost twice as high as B. The same as C. Considerably lower than D. Slightly higher than
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C. Considerably lower than
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Another challenge to remarried families is that roles of stepchild and stepparent are __________. A. Not well defined, clearly understood or fully agreed upon B. Clearly understood C. Well defined D. Fully agreed upon
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A. Not well defined, clearly understood or fully agreed upon
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According to the text, fathers are spending __________ time with their children in comparison to the past. A. More B. Slightly less C. Substantially less D. The same amount of
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A. More
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Under "fault" divorce statutes, which of the following grounds was the most easily proven? A. Non-support B. Adultery C. Mental cruelty D. Alienation of affection
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C. Mental cruelty
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Shift work is associated with ____________ A. Decreased physical stress B. Increased shared leisure time C. Decreased marital stability D. Increased marital satisfaction
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C. Decreased marital stability
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After WWII, as soldiers came home, the government encouraged women to __________. A. Continue business as usual B. Help their husbands, brothers and fathers find jobs C. Expand their movement into the work force D. Return to their kitchens
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D. Return to their kitchens
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__________ involves making disapproving judgments or evaluations of one's partner. A. Sabotage B. Belligerence C. Criticism D. Defensiven
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C. Criticism
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James feels that he has an unhappy marriage: He has been angry with his wife for a long time, but he won't express it openly. James's behavior reflects A. Sabotage B. Anger "instead" C. Displacement D. A refusal to express anger
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D. A refusal to express anger
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__________ means preparing to defend oneself against what one presumes is an upcoming attack. A. Defensiveness B. Sabotage C. Criticism D. Stonewalling
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A. Defensiveness
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Unusually low self-esteem interacts with fear, depression, confusion, anxiety, feelings of self-blame, and loss of a sense of personal control that can create the __________ syndrome. A. Battered woman B. Confusion C. Cycle of violence D. Conjugal
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A. Battered woman
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In a traditional society, __________ is legitimate power. A. Female authority B. Egalitarianism C. Male authority D. Child-focused decision-making
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C. Male authority
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The text points out that the pivotal task for all couples is to A. Believe in attribution. B. Engage in consensual validation. C. Balance each partner's need for autonomy with the simultaneous need for intimacy and togetherness. D. Communicate effectively when angry
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C. Balance each partner's need for autonomy with the simultaneous need for intimacy and togetherness.
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In John Gottman's investigations, __________ was the only variable that predicted both marital stability and marital happiness among stable couples. A. Low-intensity negative affect B. The amount of positive affect in the conflict. C. Refusing-to-accept-influence anger
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B. The amount of positive affect in the conflict.
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Some people divorce, remarry, redivorce, and then marry again. But a majority of remarriages are__________ marriages. A. Third B. Second C. First D. Fourth
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B. Second
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A consequence of remarriage, which have higher divorce rates than first marriages, is an emerging trend of A. Overall divorce decline B. Legal separation C. Redivorce D. Serial monogamy
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C. Redivorce
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Homogamy is the sociological term for "opposites attract." A. True B. False
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B. False
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The ideas of bargaining, market, and resources used to describe relationships such as marriage come to us from ___________ theory. A. Exchange theory B. Math theory C. Complementary-needs theory D. Propinquity
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A. Exchange theory
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The Census Bureau defines ____________ as a group of two or more persons related by blood marriage , or adoption: A. A family B. A secondary group C. A subset D. A domestic partnership
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A. A family
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Typically in ____ cultures, a relationship is not a prerequisite of marriage. A. Homogenous B. Fundamentalist religious C. Arranged marriage D. Free-choice
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C. Arranged marriage
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Regarding mate selection, the United States is an example of what cross-cultural researchers call a ____ culture. A. Cross-national B. Nationalized marriage C. Collectivist D. Free-choice
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D. Free-choice
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A person's gender identity is a reflection of society's conceptions of femininity and masculinity. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Sex and gender are interchangeable terms that mean the same thing. A. True B. False
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B. False
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Joe refuses to listen to his wife Paulette and is particularly resistant to considering her complaints. Joe's behavior illustrates A. Defensiveness B. Stonewalling C. Sabotage D. Belligerence
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B. Stonewalling
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Polygamy is legal in: A. Hawaii B. Utah and Arizona C. None of the above D. California
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C. None of the above
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Which term is used by the text to describe societal attitudes and behaviors expected of and associated with the two sexes? A. Gender role B. Biological sex C. Sexism D. Expressive role
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A. Gender role
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If traditional norms of male authority are strong, husbands will almost inevitably dominate regardless of personal resources. A. True B. False
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A. True
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Usually, battered wives leave and/or seek divorce almost immediately, without repeated conciliation. A. True B. False
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B. False
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The __________ family is one in which a traditional division of labor is the ideal. This family model is often associated with evangelical Christianity, as well as Orthodox Judaism, traditional Catholicism, and Mormonism. A. Strictly religious B. Ritualistic C. Neotraditional D. Gender specific
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C. Neotraditional
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Jane is an insurance executive and lives in San Francisco. Her husband, Don, is an attorney who practices law in New York City. On the weekends, Jane may travel to New York, or Don to San Francisco so that they can be together. Jane and Don's arrangement is most specifically referred to as A. A commuter marriage B. Geographic cohabitation C. A dual-earner family D. Trailing spouses
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A. A commuter marriage
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Including child care, many employed wives (and just a few husbands) put in what sociologist Arlie Hochschild calls a __________ of unpaid family work that amounts to an extra month of work each year. A. Third shift B. Stalled revolution C. Second shift D. Pink Collar Ghetto
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C. Second shift
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Robert has just received a promotion as a bank loan officer, which will necessitate relocation in another state. His wife, Sarah, has agreed to give up her job in order to accommodate her husband's career advancement. Sarah may be referred to as a __________ spouse. A. Trailing B. Compliant C. Following D. Geographically mobile
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A. Trailing
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Experts advise a balanced level of cohesion for couples and families. A. True B. False
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A. True
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The American Time Use Survey shows that women spend more than double the time than men do in the care of the household and its members. A. True B. False
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B. False
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Mike's wife Lynne resents him going drinking with his friend Dave. Whenever this subject comes up, Mike makes comments like "What can you do if I go drinking with Dave?" and "What are you going to do about it?" Mike's behavior illustrates A. Stonewalling B. Sabotage C. Defensiveness D. Belligerence
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D. Belligerence
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Conflict is A. Desirable and should be emphasized unnecessary. B. Experienced in even the happiest of couples C. Dysfunctional and should be avoided
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B. Experienced in even the happiest of couples
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The good divorce does not end a family but instead produces a __________—two households, one family. A. Split Homes B. Binuclear Family C. Second Option D. Double Home front
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B. Binuclear Family
