question

Divorce is LEAST common among people with which of the following levels of education? A. less than high school B. high school C. some college D. college or advanced degrees

answer

D

question

When discussing trends in divorce, sociologists focus primarily on heterosexual, formally married individuals because: A. the outcomes are different for those who are not legally married. B. sociologists do not consider nontraditional forms of family. C. there is limited systematic research on other forms of family. D. homosexuality is too recent to have been effectively studied.

answer

C

question

Separation is a legal process that involves: A. married spouses separating into different households. B. the legal dissolution of a marriage. C. the end of a marriage through divorce or separation. D. declaring that a marriage was never legally binding.

answer

A

question

The legal term that indicates a marriage is no longer binding is: A. marital dissolution. B. separation. C. divorce. D. annulment.

answer

D

question

Which of the following groups did NOT permit divorce? A. Ancient Jews B. American Indians C. Romans D. Christians

answer

D

question

The legal term that indicates a marriage was NEVER legally binding is: A. marital dissolution. B. separation. C. divorce. D. annulment.

answer

D

question

Legal annulment is ________ in the United States. A. very common B. common C. rare D. very rare

answer

D

question

Controversies over who controls marriage —the state or church—have arisen based on all of the following topics EXCEPT: A. same-sex marriage. B. marriage after divorce. C. attending a remarriage. D. marriage after death of a spouse.

answer

D

question

Which of the following measures tells how many divorces there are in the United States, relative to the total size of the population? A. crude divorce rate B. refined divorce rate C. divorce rate D. divorce-marriage ratio

answer

A

question

A better "divorce rate" measure that compares how many divorces occurred in a given year relative to the number of married people in that year is: A. crude divorce rate. B. refined divorce rate. C. divorce rate D. divorce-marriage ratio.

answer

B

question

The most commonly used divorce rate statistic, which compares the number of divorces to the number of new marriages in a given year, is ________. A. crude divorce rate B. refined divorce rate C. divorce rate D. divorce-marriage ratio

answer

D

question

According to the text, people who marry today have a ________ percent chance of getting divorced. A. 31-40 C. 51-60 B. 41-50 D. 61-70

answer

B

question

Prior to the 1970s and "no fault" divorce laws, the divorce rate was: A. extremely low. B. stagnant. C. increasing. D. steadily increasing.

answer

C

question

After "no fault" divorce laws, there was a spike in divorces, and then the rate ________. A. decreased sharply B. decreased slightly C. increased slightly D. increased sharply

answer

C

question

Since the 1980s, divorce rates have ________. A. decreased sharply B. decreased slightly C. increased slightly D. increased sharply

answer

B

question

The change in divorce laws, which allowed either spouse to file for divorce, effectively increased the power of: A. women. B. men. C. the state. D. the church.

answer

A

question

This generation has the highest divorce rate on record: A. the "Greatest Generation" B. Baby Boomers C. Generation X D. Millennials

answer

B

question

Approximately ________ percent of Baby Boomers had divorced by the age of 40. A. 25 C. 50 B. 33 D. 60

answer

B

question

Christina's parents divorced when she was 12. According to statistics, how does this affect the likelihood that she will divorce? A. She is less likely than average to divorce. B. She is equally likely than average to divorce. C. She is more likely than average to divorce. D. Neither more nor less.

answer

C

question

Which of the following couples is most likely to experience divorce? A. Charles and Sue, who are White B. Carlos and Juanita, who are Latino C. Bill and Sandra, who are Black D. Hakeem and Nazneen, who are Indian

answer

C

question

Couples who cohabit are characterized by: A. more traditional family views. B. lower acceptance of divorce. C. more stable work lives. D. more moves and relocations.

answer

D

question

Engaged couples who live together prior to marriage are ________ likely to divorce, compared to nonengaged couples who cohabit. A. more C. less B. equally D. much less

answer

C

question

Those who marry at 20 are ________ times more likely to divorce than those who wait until 25. A. two B. three C. four D. five

answer

A

question

On average, postponing marriage means couples are: A. more financially secure. B. less educated. C. more unstable in their lives. D. less emotionally developed.

answer

A

question

Which of the following characteristics DECREASES a couple's chance of divorce? A. arguing about household chores B. discussing their marital unhappiness with friends C. spending time alone together D. avoiding having sex

answer

C

question

Which of the following characteristics does NOT increase a couple's chance of divorce? A. different religious beliefs B. infertility problems C. children's health problems D. having young children

answer

D

question

With regard to initiating divorce proceedings: A. men and women are equally likely to file. B. women are more likely to file. C. men are more likely to file. D. parents are more likely to file than nonparents, regardless of gender.

answer

B

question

The independence effect has been noted to: A. increase the likelihood to leave happy marriages. B. increase the likelihood to leave unhappy marriages. C. increase divorce as income increases. D. decrease divorce as income increases.

answer

B

question

The income effect has been noted to: A. increase the likelihood to leave happy marriages. B. increase the likelihood to leave unhappy marriages. C. increase divorce as income increases. D. decrease divorce as income increases.

answer

D

question

When one partner loses a job, the marriage: A. is often weakened, regardless of who lost their job. B. is often weakened, if the woman lost her job. C. is strengthened, as the couple works together to overcome difficulties. D. is strengthened, if the woman stays home to help with family work.

answer

A

question

One British study suggests that divorce outcomes for adults: A. show higher levels of stress even after the divorce. B. show lower levels of stress after the divorce is final. C. show that they felt more depressed and anxious after the divorce. D. show that they continued to have difficulty sleeping after the divorce.

answer

A

question

After a divorce, women's income, on average: A. increases. B. decreases. C. is supplemented by child support. D. is unaffected by divorce.

answer

B

question

After a divorce, men's income, on average: A. increases. B. decreases. C. is supplemented by child support. D. is unaffected by divorce.

answer

D

question

Compared to men, after divorce, a woman and her children are ________ as likely to live in poverty. A. twice B. three times C. four times D. five times

answer

A

question

The increased likelihood of women and children to live in poverty is known as: A. the income effect. B. the independence effect. C. the poverty effect. D. the feminization of poverty.

answer

D

question

Which of these is NOT a potential factor affecting children's reaction to divorce, as discussed in the text? A. the divorce process B. protective factors and skills C. the divorce outcomes D. the legal proceedings

answer

D

question

Father involvement generally: A. improves children's happiness and well-being. B. improves financial stability in the family. C. increases children's risk of negative effects. D. is important only for boys.

answer

A

question

A family in which at least one member is not related to everyone else is defined as: A. a stepfamily. C. a blended family. B. a remarriage. D. a stepparent.

answer

C

question

________ of Americans are likely to remarry. A. One-third C. Two-thirds B. One-half D. Three-quarters

answer

C

question

________ women are most likely to remarry after divorce. A. Asian C. Hispanic B. Black D. White

answer

C

question

________ women are LEAST likely to remarry after divorce. A. Asian C. Hispanic B. Black D. White

answer

B

question

One out of ________ children live in a blended family. A. three C. five B. four D. six

answer

D

question

The three institutional arenas in which we feed and care for children include A. the family, the market, and the state. B. the church, the school, and the home. C. the government, the mall, and the Internet D. the media, the nonprofits, and the banks.

answer

A

question

In recent decades, the most important sociological change to families has been A. the growing rates of divorce. B. the movement of women's work from their families to the paid labor market. C. children receiving the majority of their parenting from the media rather than their parents. D. the shrinking role of religion on family life.

answer

B

question

The sociological perspective on work and family is different from common notions in that it A. pays attention to both the content and social context of work. B. looks primarily at gender and work. C. sees rich people as the enemy. D. attempts to understand the workplace from a functionalist framework.

answer

A

question

Care work is defined as A. the labor of attempting to make people feel better about themselves. B. work that is performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person. C. work that people do that they really care about. D. the act of caring for someone less fortunate than oneself.

answer

B

question

The quintessential care work, which is usually hands-on, intimate work to provide children with the material, intellectual, and emotional support they need, is A. teaching C. child care B. pediatrics D. counseling

answer

C

question

The work to maintain a household's function is A. housework C. care work B. market work D. women's work

answer

A

question

When Shawna picks up her kids from soccer practice, sociologists would say she is engaging in what? A. housework C. care work B. market work D. women's work

answer

C

question

Care work and housework are increasingly performed as what? A. unpaid work C. market work B. overpaid work D. illegal work

answer

C

question

The term "system of care" is used to describe what? A. the central coordinating system for completing housework B. how a society accomplishes the necessary care work and housework C. the master plan that families create in order to accomplish all of their care work D. state-implemented Social Security and elder-care programs

answer

B

question

One decision that modern families must face is how to divide the housework and care work within the family. This is often a contentious issue for couples, showing that A. most couples establish clear communication about who performs which task. B. it is not really "families" that make decisions, but individuals within them. C. both men and women are taking on more and more care work. D. men and women tend to split care work evenly.

answer

B

question

Which of the following examples illustrates how the state redistributes much of the product of our labor? A. Apple outsourcing much of its labor to non-U.S. countries B. private hospitals hiring low-wage immigrant workers C. income taxes used to pay for Social Security plans D. student groups sending care packages to disaster areas overseas

answer

C

question

In the last half-century or so, the main story in the realm of work and family has been A. women opting out of paid work to stay at home with their children. B. the growth of the organized labor movement. C. men's loss of power both at work and at home. D. the growth of market work in the system of care.

answer

D

question

The most rapid period of change in the gender composition of the workforce occurred in the three decades after 1960 as the proportion of women in the labor force A. increased from about one-third to three-quarters. B. decreased from about one-half to one-third. C. increased from about one-fourth to nine-tenths. D. decreased from about five-eighths to three-eighths.

answer

A

question

In what order did women historically enter the workplace? A. first women under 20 years old, then women between 20 and 40 years old, then women over 40 years old B. first single women, then married women without children, and eventually most married women with young children C. first married women who were only children, then women with one sibling, then women with two or more siblings D. first women in the northeastern United States, then women in the southern United States, then women in the midwestern United States

answer

B

question

In historical terms, women's employment patterns have evolved extremely quickly—so quickly that A. women have faced no struggles in the workplace. B. there is a growing crisis around lack of child care. C. women are earning more than men. D. the expectations people have for work and family are unclear.

answer

D

question

In the 25- to 54-year-old age range, employment for men has remained at or above A. 10 percent C. 70 percent B. 30 percent D. 90 percent

answer

D

question

Kyle and Lorena are married with two children. What is one reason that sociologists might not expect Kyle to stay home with their children? A. Kyle, like most other men his age, is employed. B. Kyle, like most other men his age, is a misogynist. C. Lorena, like most other women her age, is unemployed. D. Lorena, like most other women her age, enjoys care work more than her husband.

answer

A

question

Women's employment rapidly became acceptable within the cultural mainstream, in part because of the kinds of paid work women did. Sociologists call this A. the glass ceiling C. occupational gender segregation B. pink-collar work D. second-wave feminism

answer

C

question

The gender division of labor means that A. women do the lion's share of housework and care work, and they are concentrated in certain paid occupational areas. B. men and women tend to split labor equally, whether at home or at work. C. women are naturally more capable of performing housework and care work, and they enter those occupations in which they are naturally more talented. D. women have learned to perform tasks traditionally done by men in the workplace, but they continue to perform most housework and care work.

answer

A

question

In the late 1970s, only one-third of Americans thought that mothers' employment was not harmful for their preschool-aged children; 30 years later, that proportion rose to two-thirds, illustrating A. that women have become better mothers, able to juggle both paid work and child rearing. B. that popular attitudes toward the appropriate divisions between men and women have gradually shifted. C. that Americans tend to value the Protestant work ethic, encouraging everyone, despite their social status, to engage in paid labor. D. the limits of the feminist movement, which failed to make care work a waged occupation.

answer

B

question

The phenomenon in which women have seemingly endless housework and child care on top of hours of paid work is referred to by sociologist Arlie Hochschild as A. second shift B. occupational segregation C. multitasking D. feminism

answer

A

question

One of the advantages of time-use studies, in which researchers investigate how people fill their days with activities, is that they A. take account of care work that often seems invisible. B. see how much men lie about the amount of work they do in the home. C. help mothers speed up their care-giving tasks. D. encourage parents to spend more time with their children.

answer

A

question

According to data collected from the American Time Use Survey in 2010, men and women spend an average of how much time working per day? A. 8 hours and 20 minutes for men; 3 hours and 35 minutes for women B. 7 hours and 30 minutes for men; 10 hours and 50 minutes for women C. 3 hours and 50 minutes for men; 2 hours and 30 minutes for women D. 6 hours and 40 minutes for men; 6 hours and 51 minutes for women

answer

D

question

The greater number of hours of paid work for men are, on average, balanced out by A. men paying for more things at home. B. the greater hours of unpaid work for women. C. men having more decision-making power at home. D. women having more free time.

answer

B

question

Mr. Johnson works a paid job and Mrs. Johnson primarily performs unpaid labor, such as taking care of the home and the children. What is one consequence of this situation? A. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have an egalitarian relationship. B. Mr. Johnson is more likely to help out at home. C. Mrs. Johnson's work is not recognized because it has no direct dollar value. D. Mrs. Johnson gains the skills to take care of herself in the case of divorce.

answer

C

question

The 1970s Wages for Housework campaign attempted to A. demand housewives be paid wages for their labor. B. unionize maids, domestic workers, and nannies. C. push women out of the home and into the paid workplace. D. elect a feminist-friendly state senator in New York.

answer

A

question

Time-use data show that married women have cut their housework time roughly in half over the last half-century, while men have A. reduced theirs by two hours B. remained about the same C. added about an hour D. doubled theirs

answer

D

question

One reason that gender difference in housework has eroded over the last half-century is because A. the balance between men and women has not shifted. B. the total amount of time spent on housework has declined. C. technology has reduced the time it takes to perform household tasks. D. children have taken on more housework tasks.

answer

B

question

What trend in child care does the American Time Use Survey find in the last half-century? A. Men and women have both increased their time with children. B. Men and women have not changed their time with children. C. Men have increased their time with children while women have decreased their time with children. D. Men have decreased their time with children while women have increased their time with children.

answer

A

question

There are three main factors within couples' relationships that seem to account for the fact that women perform so much more unpaid work in the home A. food, entertainment, and health B. sexuality, race, and class C. age, sex, and location D. time, resources, and gender

answer

D

question

In most couples, the partner with greater obligations away from home tends to do less housework and child care because that person A. thinks they are better than the other person. B. is able to pay for others to perform housework for them. C. has less time available. D. is naturally less capable of doing housework and child care.

answer

C

question

Although some people enjoy housework and child care, most prefer to avoid at least the more onerous aspects of those responsibilities. Therefore, when couples negotiate over who does what work, the partner who has a higher-paying job A. sometimes has more decision-making power and sometimes has less. B. has the same amount of decision-making power as their partner. C. has more decision-making power. D. has less decision-making power.

answer

C

question

The LEAST likely victim of family violence is a woman of _____________ race/ethnicity. A. American Indian B. Asians C. Hispanics D. Whites

answer

Asians

question

More cases of child abuse are perpetrated by _____________ than any other group. A. Mothers B. Fathers C. Other family members D. Strangers

answer

Mothers

question

According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence survey, _____________ percent of women are raped or experience an attempted rape while in college. A. 25-30 B. 20-25 C. 15-20 D. 10-15

answer

20-25

question

Risk factors for children being abused include all of the following EXCEPT A. Poverty B. Mental Health Issues C. Single Parenthood D. Lack of Social Network

answer

Single Parenthood

question

The current term used by the federal government for violence between partners who are in, or were in, a romantic relationship is A. Domestic Violence B. Violence Against Women C. Intimate Partner Violence D. Family Violence

answer

Intimate Partner Violence

question

Statistics on violence in same-sex partnerships are limited but indicate that A. lesbian and straight women are equally likely to be victims. B. lesbian women are less likely to be victims than straight women. C. gay men are more likely to be victims than straight men. D. lesbian women are more likely to be victims than straight women.

answer

Lesbian and Straight Women are Equally Likely to be Victims

question

Lorena shot her husband after years of physical abuse at his hands. Her behavior is best classified as A. Mutual Violent Control B. Violent Resistance C. Intimate Terrorism D. Common Couple Violence

answer

Violent Resistance

question

If George's parents fail to take him to school on a consistent basis, they A. May be guilty of neglect B. May be guilty of abuse C. May be bad parents, but not legally so D. May be within their rights as parents

answer

May be Guilty of Neglect

question

Rape occurs primarily A. by strangers attacking women B. among acquaintances, with physical violence C. among acquaintances, with mild or threatened violence D. in committed relationship

answer

Among Acquaintances, with Mild or Threatened Violence

question

John and Martha are in love and have a sexual relationship. Martha is also John's aunt. In most states, this meets the legal definition of: A. Rape B. Sexual Assault C. Incest D. Family Violence

answer

Incest

question

According to the text, family violence is usually characterized by A. individuals with personality disorders. B. power differentials between abuser and victim. C. religious convictions on the role of men and women. D. intimacy where the individuals interact in private.

answer

Intimacy Where the Individuals Interact in Private

question

Erica is experiencing psychological abuse and fears her husband's violent outbursts are becoming more dangerous. Erica is most likely experiencing A. mutual violent control B. violent resistance C. intimate terrorism D. common couple violence

answer

Intimate Terrorism

question

Family

answer

An intimate group consisting of two or more people who (1) have a committed relationship, (2) care for one another and any children, and (3) share close emotional ties and functions.

question

Incest Taboo

answer

Cultural norms and laws that forbid sexual intercourse between close blood relatives

question

Marriage

answer

A socially approved mating relationship that people expect to be stable and enduring.

question

Endogamy

answer

Cultural practice of marrying within one's group.

question

Exogamy

answer

Cultural

question

Exogamy

answer

A practice of marrying outside one's group.

question

Extended Family

answer

Family form composed of parents, children, and other kin.

question

Patrilocal Residence Pattern

answer

Newly married couples live with the husband's family.

question

Matrilocal Residence Pattern

answer

Newly married couples live with the wife's family.

question

Neolocal Residence Pattern

answer

A newly married couple sets up its own residence.

question

Boomerang Generation

answer

Young adults who move back into their parents' home or never leave it in the first place.

question

Matriarchal Family System

answer

The oldest females control cultural, political, and economic resources and, consequently, have power over males.

question

Patriarchal Family System

answer

The oldest males control cultural, political, and economic resources and, consequently, have power over females.

question

Egalitarian Family

answer

Both partners share power and authority fairly equally.

question

Marriage Market

answer

Prospective spouses compare the assets and liabilities of eligible partners and choose the best available mate.

question

Arranged Marriage

answer

Parents or relatives choose the children's spouses.

question

Monogamy

answer

One person is married exclusively to another person.

question

Serial Monogamy

answer

Individuals married couples live with the husband's family.

question

Polygamy

answer

A man or woman has two or more spouses.

question

Cohabitation

answer

Two unrelated people aren't married but live together and are in a sexual relationship.

question

Dating Cohabitation

answer

A couple that spends a great deal of time together decides to move in together.

question

Premarital Cohabitation

answer

A couple lives together before getting married.

question

Fictive Kin

answer

Nonrelatives who are accepted as part of a family.

question

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

answer

Abuse that occurs between people in a close relationship.

question

Child Maltreatment

answer

A broad range of behaviors that place a child at serious risk or result in serious harm, including physical and sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional mistreatment.

question

Elder Abuse

answer

Any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or other person that causes harm to people age 65 or older.

question

Life Expectancy

answer

The average expected number of years of life remaining at a given age.

question

Baby Boomers

answer

People born between 1946 and 1964.

question

Old-Age Dependency Ratio

answer

The number of people age 65 and older who aren't in the labor force relative to the number of working-age adults ages 18 to 64.

question

Activity Theory

answer

Proposes that many older people remain engaged in numerous roles and activities, including work.

question

Exchange Theory

answer

Posits that people seek through their social interactions to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs.

question

Ageism

answer

Discrimination against older people.

question

Continuity Theory

answer

Posits that older adults can substitute satisfying new roles for those they've lost.

question

Sexual Activity Procreation and Socialization Economic Security Emotional Support Social Class Placement

answer

What are the universal functions of family?

question

9.5%

answer

Racial Endogamy (Homogamy) : _____% Interracial Marriages

question

Polygyny (one man married to 2+ women)

answer

What is the most common marriage rule?

question

1980s

answer

What year was the highest in divorce rates?

question

Men - 29 Women - 27

answer

What is the average age of marriage in the U.S?

question

1) 1.8 2) 2 3) 2

answer

1. ____ children over lifetime (2014) 2. Ideal family size = ___ 3. Replacement Rate = _____

question

Age Cohorts

answer

A group of people with similar age

question

Young Old

answer

Ages 65-74 (baby boomers) are known as what?

question

Old Old

answer

Ages 75-84 (silent generation) are known as what?

question

Women

answer

Who have a longer life expectancy - women or men?

question

Latinas

answer

What race has the longest life expectancy?

question

3 workers for every 1 older person

answer

What is the rising old age dependency ratio in 2020?

question

Sandwich Generation

answer

Caring for teens/children and elderly

question

Manifest Functions

answer

Train for adult roles Teach culture and values Promote cultural innovation Provide opportunity to move up Produce adults who contribute to society

question

Latent Functions

answer

Provide childcare Matchmaking institutions Decreases job competition Create social networks Good for business (support businesses)

question

Conflict Theory

answer

Family creates and perpetuates social inequality, achievement gap

question

Functionalist

answer

Families are important in maintain societal stability and meeting family members' needs. Older people who are active and engaged are more satisfied with life.

question

Conflict

answer

Families Promote social inequality because of social class differences. Many corporations view older workers as disposable.

question

Feminist

answer

Families both mirror and perpetuate patriarchy and gender inequality. Women have an unequal burden in caring for children as well as older family members and relatives.

question

Symbolic Interactionist

answer

Families construct their everyday lives through interaction and subjective interpretations of family roles. Many older family members adapt to aging and often maintain previous activities.

question

Conflict Theory

answer

Hidden curriculum and credentialism are a part of what?

question

Feminist Theories

answer

Gender gap in education Under represented in high paying majors Earning lag behind men's

question

Women

answer

Who earn more HS, bachelors, masters - women or men?

question

Tracking

answer

Assign students to educational programs based on test scores, previous grades, perceived ability - perpetuates level

question

Education

answer

A social institution that transmits attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, values, norms, and skills.

question

Schooling

answer

Formal training and instruction provided in a classroom setting.

question

Achievement Gap

answer

The difference in academic performance that shows up in grades, standardized test scores, and college completion rates.

question

Hidden Curriculum

answer

School practices that transmit nonacademic knowledge, values, attitudes, norms, and beliefs.

question

Credentialism

answer

An emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that people have certain skills, educational attainment levels, or job qualifications.

question

Tracking

answer

Assigning students to specific educational programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability.

question

Meritocracy

answer

A system that rewards people because of their individual accomplishments.

question

Religion

answer

A social institution that involves shared beliefs, values, and practices related to the supernatural.

question

Sacred

answer

A that people see as awe-inspiring, supernatural, holy, and not part of the natural world.

question

Profane

answer

The ordinary and everyday elements of life that aren't related to religion.

question

Religiosity

answer

The ways people demonstrate their religious beliefs.

question

Cult

answer

A religious group that is devoted to beliefs and practices that are outside of those accepted in mainstream society.

question

New Religious Movement (NRM)

answer

Term used instead of cult by most sociologists.

question

Charismatic Leader

answer

Someone that followers see as having exceptional or superhuman powers and qualities.

question

Sect

answer

A religious group that has broken away from an established religion.

question

Denomination

answer

A subgroup within a religion that shares its name and traditions and is generally on good terms with the main group.

question

Church

answer

A large established religious group that has strong ties to mainstream society.

question

Secularization

answer

A process in which religion loses its social and cultural influence.

question

Fundamentalism

answer

The belief in the literal meaning of a sacred text.

question

Civil Religion

answer

Integrating religious beliefs into secular life.

question

Protestant Ethnic

answer

A belief that hard work, diligence, self-denial, frugality, and economic success will lead to salvation in the afterlife.

question

False Consciousness

answer

An acceptance of a system of beliefs that prevents people from protesting oppression.

question

Cult

answer

Usually organize around a *charismatic leader*, some become established religions, some are fragmentary, loosely organized, and *temporary* but others develop into lasting and highly bureaucratic international organizations

question

Church

answer

Bureaucratically organized Large Formal worship services Trained clergy Influence with other institutions Mainstream/Open Most members by birth

question

Sect

answer

Believe parent group too secular Literal interpretation of scripture Clergy called Most are small Believe they possess truth Missional

question

Denomination

answer

Remains on good terms with the main group Trained clergy View other groups as valid Accommodate society Most members by birth

question

Secularization Debate

answer

Process in which religion loses social influence

question

Increasing Growing

answer

The secularization debate is what? Non-believers and non-religious are what?

question

Losing members Fewer

answer

Churches and Denominations are what? ______ believers attend services

question

Sects & Fundamentalist

answer

Which groups are growing?

question

If George's parents fail to take him to school on a consistent basis, they A. may be guilty of neglect. B. may be guilty of abuse. C. may be bad parents, but not legally so. D. may be within their rights as parents.

answer

A.

question

Which of the following is the most common reason why intimate partner violent crime is not reported to the police? A. The victim fears reprisal or getting the offender in trouble B. The victim does not believe the police would or could actually help. C. The victim would rather deal with the issue personally and not involve the police. D. The victim does not feel it is important enough to report to the police.

answer

A. The most common reasons why victims do not report intimate partner violence to the police is that they either fear reprisal from the person who attacked them or fear that they will get the offender in trouble.

question

According to Sunita Krishnan, the sex slavery industry trades for females as low as 3 years old. A. True B. False

answer

A.

question

The effects of child abuse are often first noted A. when the child becomes an abuser B. in their behavior C. by a teacher D. as signs of PTSD

answer

B.

question

According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence survey, _____________ percent of women are raped or experience an attempted rape while in college. A. 25-30 B. 20-25 C. 15-20 D. 10-15

answer

B.

question

Dominique is a recently divorced woman in her 30s who experienced some intimate partner violence during her previous marriage. According to research, what might Dominique's experiences with future intimate relationships be like after experiencing intimate partner violence? A. Research does not show it impacting future relationships so we cannot predict what will happen. B. After experiencing abuse, her odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are lower. C. It is highly likely she will experience the same type of abuse again in her next relationship. D. After experiencing abuse, her odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are higher.

answer

B. Research shows that the experience of abuse clearly reduces the odds of establishing future long-term stable relationships. Therefore, while we cannot predict that Dominique will experience abuse again, we do know that the odds of her establishing a long-term stable relationship are now lower.

question

Rape occurs primarily A. by strangers attacking women B. among acquaintances, with physical violence C. among acquaintances, with mild or threatened violence D. in committed relationship

answer

C.

question

What does research suggest about the lifetime experience of intimate partner violence for gay men and lesbians compared to heterosexuals? A. Gays and lesbians are more likely to experience intimate partner violence at the hands of their same-sex partners than are people in heterosexual couples. B. Gays and lesbians are less likely to experience intimate partner violence at the hands of their same-sex partners than are people in straight couples. Incorrect Response C. Lesbians in same-sex relationships experience intimate partner violence at the hands of their same sex partners at about the same rate compared to straight couples but gay men in same-sex couples experience much lower rates compared to people in heterosexual couples. Correct Answer D. Lesbian and heterosexual women are both more likely to experience intimate partner violence compared to both gay and straight men, though about one-third of lesbians report the abuse was perpetrated by a male partner.

answer

D. The evidence from research shows that the lifetime occurrence of intimate partner violence is similar for homosexuals and heterosexuals, specifically, lesbian and straight women are both more likely to experience violence than gay and straight men. This is complicated by the fact that about one-third of lesbians who report having been victims of intimate partner violence experienced this violence at the hands of male partners.

question

Data on child abuse and neglect cases show that the majority of cases, the perpetrator is A. the victim's father. B. the victim's mother. C. a male relative. D. a female relative.

answer

B. The most common perpetrator relationship to the victim cited in a child abuse and neglect cases is that of the child's mother and the father is the second most common. This partly reflects the likelihood that children will spend more time with their mothers and single-parent families are likely to be headed by mothers. Together mothers and fathers account for 80 percent of child abuse and neglect cases.

question

According to national surveys, _____________ of men and _____________ of women report being victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking in their lifetime. A. 10, 25 B. 14, 29 C. 21, 32 D. 29, 36

answer

D.

question

With the fight against sex slavery, activist Sunita Krishnan has successfully rescued more than three thousand victims sold in sex slavery market. A. True B. False

answer

A.

question

According to the text, family violence is usually characterized by A. individuals with personality disorders. B. power differentials between abuser and victim. C. religious convictions on the role of men and women. D. intimacy where the individuals interact in private.

answer

D.

question

Emilio and Ramona have been in a relationship for four years. During most of the time they have been together they have had arguments that escalate to physical violence, mostly against Ramona, as Emilio tries to control much of her life. During the last year the fights have gotten more severe and there have been a few serious injuries to Ramona as a result of this violence. Emilio belittles Ramona and threatens to hurt her if she dares leave him. This situation illustrates which of the four principle patterns of violence? A. intimate terrorism B. common couple violence C. mutual violent control D. violent resistance

answer

A. Intimate terrorism occurs when intimate partner violence is part of a campaign for control or domination within a relationship. This type is more likely to involve escalating violence and serious injury as well as psychological abuse.

question

Why was forcible sex between husband and wife not considered to be rape until very recently? A. It would have been too difficult to find a jury that would believe a wife had been raped. B. Wives were presumed to have consented to sex for their entire lives at the moment of their marriage. C. Marital rape was so rare the legal infrastructure to prosecute it was not in place yet. D. No wife had been willing to file charges against her husband until recently.

answer

B. Martial rape was not against the law until recently because it was believed that wives did not have a legal right to protection from their husbands. Wives were instead presumed to have consented to sex for their entire lives at the moment of their marriage. In the United States this law did not change until the 1970s or even later in some places (for example, North Carolina).

question

Theresa and Bill have been married for seven years. During their marriage they have had some occasional arguments that have resulted in physical violence. This situation illustrates which of the four principal patterns of violence? A. intimate terrorism B. common couple violence C. mutual violent control D. violent resistance

answer

B. --Common couple violence is the most common form of intimate partner violence; it results from specific arguments within a couple but does not involve a pattern of escalating violence over time.

question

The state is becoming increasingly involved in the role of the family, as illustrated by all of the following EXCEPT A. the public school system. B. the provision of food stamps and public housing to poor families. C. legal requirements for parents to discipline their children. D. decreasing family reliance on religious authorities.

answer

D.

question

Risk factors for children being abused include all of the following EXCEPT A. poverty B. mental health issues C. single parenthood D. lack of social network

answer

C.

question

The steep decline in the rate of family violence since the 1990s may be explained in part by which of the following? Choose all that apply. A. An increase in shelters and hotlines made it easier for women to gain protection from abuse. B. Women's increased economic independence made it easier for them to leave an abuser. C. The greater acceptance of divorce has made it easier for women to leave abusers. D. There are fewer cohabitating and married adults, which has reduced the number of people exposed to abusers.

answer

A, B, C, D Rates of violence have been declining steeply since the 1990s in the United States and other wealthy countries. Some reasons we may be able to attribute this to in regard to family violence are the larger amount of shelters and hotlines available providing protection from abuse; women's increased economic independence and the greater acceptance of divorce, which have made it easier for women to leave abusers; and the lower number of cohabiting relationships and marriages has also reduced the number of people exposed to abusers.

question

cording to Sunita Krishnan, victim blaming has stronger psychological impact on a rape victim than the extent of physiological experience of rape. True False

answer

A

question

Bernadette Powell case

answer

Introduction with the case of Bernadette Powell (African American woman in her 20s) In 1978 Powell killed her husband, who had been abusing her for several years. She was prosecuted by a White male, convicted by an all-White jury, and sentenced to prison. Growing awareness in 1970s of domestic violence Powell's conviction (and subsequent appeal and activism) raised issues that would become important later. The cultural and political environment have changed social attitudes about the issues of violence in families.

question

Family Violence: An Institutional Perspective

answer

Family violence often involves secrecy and isolation. Many family members feel as if they are alone in their experience. Family violence is often invisible to outsiders. Not just an individual problem but a systemic one

question

What is family violence

answer

Family violence and abuse include several kinds of harm caused by family members against other family members. Includes both indirect and direct violence Indirect violence and abuse may include threats of force or intimidation and neglect. Violence and abuse can be different but are not always mutually exclusive (for example, sexual assault is both violent and abusive). Family violence can be defined by the relationship between victims and perpetrators. We can classify victims of family violence into three categories (next three slides): intimate partners children elders

question

intimate partners

answer

This category includes: spouses, cohabitating partners, romantic or sexual partners, former partners after a breakup, and so on.

question

Children

answer

This category includes: biological children, stepchildren, foster children, and adopted children. Any child who relies on an adult for intimate care, generally in the home

question

Elders

answer

This category includes: older family members, usually parents or in-laws. These family members may or may not rely on their children for support.

question

family violence: Intimacy

answer

A type of relationship in which people love or at least know each other very well and interact in private --Two elements are usually present in the relationship between victims of violence and perpetrators of violence: Intimacy a care relationship

question

Care relationship

answer

A relationship in which one person is responsible for another's care

question

Child Abuse and Neglect

answer

The act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in (or puts children at imminent risk for) physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation

question

Patterns of abuse or neglect

answer

Those who live with parents who have their own mental health problems, poor impulse control and low self-esteem, or a history of violence Those in households where domestic violence occurs between adults Those in poor families or poor neighborhoods Those in families with weak support networks

question

Elder Abuse

answer

The physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of old people by someone with whom they share an intimate or caring relationship elder abuse

question

Intimate partner violence

answer

Violence between partners who are (or were) involved in a sexual or romantic relationship

question

Context of Violence: common couple violence

answer

This is the most common form of violence (as indicated in the name). It results from specific arguments within a couple. It does not involve a pattern of escalating violence over time. For the most part, it does not involve frequent attacks or severe injuries.

question

context of violence: intimate terrorism

answer

This is a less common pattern. Violence is a part of a campaign for control or domination within a relationship. This is more likely to involve escalating violence and serious injury. It also is likely to involve psychological abuse. Johnson (1995) termed this patriarchal terrorism because is most commonly involved violence by men against women.

question

context of violence: violent resistance

answer

Sometimes when an intimate partner is the victim of violence or a pattern of violence, she or he may lash out in response. It may involve self-defense, but it also may not meet the legal definition of self-defense (which requires an immediate threat). It should be seen as a part of an overall defensive pattern where one partner defends him- herself or prepares to leave the relationship

question

context of violence: mutual violent control

answer

This type of intimate partner violence is rare. It involves both partners fighting (usually violently) for control and domination of the relationship. There is little research on this type of violence.

question

who is at greatest risk

answer

Women are at much greater risk of rape and of violence that causes serious injury Women with less income and education report experiencing greater levels of violence Relationships that involve drug or alcohol abuse are more likely to be violent Women in cohabitating relationships are more likely to experience violence than those who are married For serious violence, women face higher risks shortly after they have left their abusers

question

Rape

answer

Forced vaginal, anal, or oral penetration or attempted penetration of a person without his or her consent

question

Sexual assault

answer

Unwanted penetration or touch by force or threat of force, without consent

question

incest

answer

sex between close relatives

question

marital Rape

answer

Rape involves the issue of consent. There is social and legal ambiguity around the idea of consent. Before the 1970s most cases of marital rape were not even covered by rape laws. Married women used to be governed under the legal standard of coverture (Chapter 2). In regard to intimate partner violence, women had no legal protection from rape by their husbands.

question

how common are rape and sexual assault

answer

The survey found that 18 percent of women and 1 percent of men in the United States have been raped at some point in their life (Black et al., 2011). The rates in college are higher (Armstrong, Hamilton, ; Sweeney, 2006). Rape for men exists, but is rare. Rape for men is most likely to occur to boys within families.

question

violence in gay and lesbian relationships

answer

Most family violence categories may also apply to lesbian and gay couples (McClennen, 2005.) But there are several unique aspects of same-sex relationships as well. The problem of same-sex violence may remain hidden, because relationships are often hidden. The federal government has begun collecting data on violence in same-sex relationships (Walters, Chen, ; Breiding, 2013). Intimate partner violence is similar for homosexuals and heterosexuals. Both lesbian and straight women are both more likely to experience violence than either gay or straight men. However, legal protections and social services may not be as widely available to homosexual victims as they are to heterosexual victims.

question

declining violence

answer

The United States has experienced sharp decreases in violent crimes since the 1990s. Family violence has seen a similar decreased The reasons for this are not clear but it is a dramatic decreased

question

shelters and hotlines

answer

The increase of shelters and hotlines for abused women and children and in domestic violence legal services may have made it easier for women to gain protection or distance from their abusive partners

question

independence

answer

Women's increased economic independence and the greater acceptance of divorce have made it easier for many women to leave abusive relationships, which could reduce the risk of violence

question

married and chobaitating adults

answer

A decline in the number of married or cohabitating adults may have reduced violence simply by reducing the number of people exposed to potentially violent partners

question

consequences of family violence

answer

Family violence is usually intimate or sexual and may be repeated in patterns over a long period of time. It is also often initiated in childhood. Family violence can contribute to shame and stigma in addition to physical injury. The effects of abuse are often first observed through an individual's behavior (Woodruff ; Lee). Children of abuse are at risk for later behavioral problems and difficulties. Consequences can include (but are not limited to) drug abuse, depression, weight or sleep problems, and so on (S. P. Thomas ; Hall, 2008). In general, family violence can contribute to long-term mental health consequences for everyone in the family.

question

future intimate relationships

answer

Family violence can create a cycle of continued violence, suffering, and unhappiness. The experience of abuse has an impact on future relationships. Survivors of abuse have a higher rate of risky sexual behavior and reduced likelihood of establishing healthy, long-lasting relationships. Sexual abuse survivors are less likely to marry and more likely to cohabitate. However, women are now more likely to end abusive relationships than in the past. There is an increasing acceptance of divorce . Families are a source of both pain and suffering, but also a source of strength and resilience.

question

male domination

answer

Systematic Abuse Religious Authority -Some feminists argue that the experience of sexual violence is common enough that it constitutes a structural part of male domination. The sexual abuse scandals in the Catholic Church revealed that individual priests committed crimes against boys and young men, while the religious institution covered up the crimes to protect its own interests.

question

interventions

answer

The following slides outline five of the more popular programs and policies used to eradicate or alleviate domestic violence in recent years (next five slides): civil protection orders mandatory arrest or pro-arrest rules court-ordered treatment domestic violence courts services for domestic violence victims

question

Civila protection orders

answer

Under certain conditions (usually very strict), after a spouse or partner is physically abused by the other partner, she or he may be able to obtain a legal order from a judge prohibiting contact between the abused and the abuser or imposing harsher sentences if more violence occurs. Research has shown that these measures need to be adequately applied and enforced if they are to be effective (Klein, 2009)

question

Mandatory arrest or pro-arrest rules

answer

Police often leave the scene of a domestic violence incident without making an arrest Mandatory arrest and pro-arrest rules require law enforcement to separate couples, convince the victim to press charges or make an arrest.

question

court ordered treatment

answer

Many courts require perpetrators to undergo court-ordered psychological counseling or other treatment as part of or in addition to their punishment. These programs are often low quality and have a low success rate. This can lead to greater violence.

question

domestic violence courts

answer

In recent times, special domestic violence courts have been created in an attempt to prevent domestic violence. These courts employ specially trained staff, including judges. They advocate a problem-solving approach, as opposed to a punitive one (Mirchandani, 2005).

question

services for domestic violence victims

answer

The feminist movement has created a variety of services to help women prevent or cope with family violence These include hotlines, shelters, legal counseling, and so on (Dugan, Naginb ; Rosenfeld, 2003).. There is no one solution. A variety of services and policies may be necessary. And despite the decline of family violence and abuse, these problems remain widespread and systemic.

question

2. Which of the following is the most common reason why intimate partner violent crime is not reported to the police? A.The victim fears reprisal or getting the offender in trouble. B. The victim does not believe the police would or could actually help. C The victim would rather deal with the issue personally and not involve the police.

answer

A Discussion: The most common reasons why victims do not report intimate partner violence to the police is that they either fear reprisal from the person who attacked them or fear that they will get the offender in trouble.

question

3. Research shows that 11 percent of the elderly have reported experiencing mistreatment or neglect with the most common experiences being neglect and A. physical abuse. B. sexual abuse. C. emotional abuse. D. financial abuse.

answer

C Discussion: A large national survey of the elderly in 2008 found that 11 percent had experienced some kind of neglect or potential neglect, such as having an unmet need for care, and emotional abuse, such as humiliation or verbal abuse.

question

4. Theresa and Bill have been married for seven years. During their marriage, they have had some occasional arguments that have resulted in physical violence. This situation illustrates which of the four patterns of violence? A.intimate terrorism B.common couple violence C. mutual violent control D. violent resistance

answer

B Discussion: Common couple violence is the most common form of intimate partner violence; it results from specific arguments within a couple but does not involve a pattern of escalating violence over time.

question

. ______ employ a specially trained staff that take a problem-solving approach to family violence as opposed to a more punitive one. A. Responsibility frames B. Domestic violence courts C. Court-ordered treatment programs D. Civil protection orders

answer

B Discussion: Domestic violence courts in the justice system are specialized courts that use specially trained staff, including judges and advocates for victims, who take a problem-solving approach rather than a more punitive on.

question

Violence within families is complicated by the relationship between victims and perpetrators. These are ______ relationships in which one person is responsible for another's ______. A. vulnerable; control B. romantic; happiness C. intimate; care D. public; neglect

answer

C Discussion: The two elements generally present in the relationship between victims of family violence and perpetrators are intimacy, meaning the people involved love or know each other very well, and a care relationship, in which one person is responsible for another person's care. This also means that what happens within the family may be viewed as private and may be invisible to those outside the family.

question

Civila protection orders

answer

Under certain conditions (usually very strict), after a spouse or partner is physically abused by the other partner, she or he may be able to obtain a legal order from a judge prohibiting contact between the abused and the abuser or imposing harsher sentences if more violence occurs. Research has shown that these measures need to be adequately applied and enforced if they are to be effective (Klein, 2009)

Marriage 12 Family Violence And Abuse Sociology Chapter – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards