Marriage and Family Chapters 5, 6, 7 quiz - Flashcards

Q: Boo-long is a member of the Hmong culture is about to marry. The Hmong practice the culture of a bride price. Which of the following is most likely to occur in preparation for the marriage?

Boo-long will give the bride\'s family a piece of property so that he can marry her.

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According to the _______ perspective, dating couples choose either to stay committed or to break up by weighing the rewards of their relationship against its costs.

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exchange

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According to the wheel of love theory, there are four stages in the development of love. Which is NOT one of these?

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erotic

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Adults with a(n) ___________ attachment style exhibit possible negative behaviors such as unwarranted jealousy or attempts to control one's partner due to "fear of abandonment".

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insecure/anxious

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Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style shun or evade emotional closeness.

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avoidant

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Americans tend to marry people of similar race, age, education, religious background, and social class. This behavior reflects _______.

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homogamy

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Applying the _______ hypothesis to black-white intermarriage would suggest marrying up socioeconomically on the part of a white person, who, in effect, trades socially defined superior racial status for the economically superior status of a middle- or upper-middle class.

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status exchange

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___________ are the most likely of all ethnic/racial categories to intermarry.

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Arab Americans

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Boo-long is a member of the Hmong culture is about to marry. The Hmong practice the culture of a bride price. Which of the following is most likely to occur in preparation for the marriage?

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Boo-long will give the bride's family a piece of property so that he can marry her.

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Children of divorce usually divorce themselves.

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false

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A research study discussed in your text compared the effects of cohabitation on marital stability in several countries and found that cohabiting had no negative effect on marital stability in countries such as ________, where cohabitation is more common than in the United States.

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Norway

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__________ couples vacillate between commitment and ambivalence and often disagree on how committed they were as well as why they became committed in the first place.

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Event-driven

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Date rape is also known as ________ rape.

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acquaintance

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Desiring wives who can make good money, college-educated men are now much more likely than a few decades ago to marry college-educated women. This reflects increased ________ homogamy.

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educational

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In 1967, in the case of Loving v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme court ruled that __________.

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interracial marriage must be considered legally valid in all states.

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The United States is an example of what cross-cultural researchers call a free-choice culture. t/f

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true

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Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of psychologist Robert Sternberg's theory of love?

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sexuality

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Couples who 'slide' from cohabiting into marrying, rather than making more deliberative decisions, are said to be ___________.

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choosing by default

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Despite its growing appeal among college students, ______ has unfortunately been empirically linked to known risky behaviors such as alcohol abuse and engaging in sexual intercourse without using a condom.

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hooking up

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Everyone who enters the marriage market is equally available to everyone else. t/f

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false

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In general, social scientists find that the most stable marriages are those that are homogamous in ______.

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age, education, religion, and race

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In June of 1967 (Loving v. Virginia) the U.S. Supreme court decided that interracial marriages must be considered legally valid in all states. t/f

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true

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In Robert Sternberg's typology, ________ loe is composed of all three dimensions of his theory.

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consummate

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Love is exceedingly difficult to define. t/f

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true

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Love is found, not discovered. t/f

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false

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Many female victims blame themselves at least particularly for date rape.

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true

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Most couples meet for the first time in face-to-face encounters, but more couples today also meet through other means. Which ways were noted by your textbook?

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online

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Most dating violence consists of ________.

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pushing, grabbing, or slapping.

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Of the components of consummate love, which is the most gradual to develop?

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commitment

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Of the components of consummate love, which is the quickest to develop and the quickest to fade?

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passion

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One of the things love isn't is _____________, which involves maintaining relationships by consistently minimizing one's own needs while trying to satisfy those of a partner.

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martyring

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Propinquity is also known as ________.

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geographic availability

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__________ refers to marriages between those who are different in race, age, education, religious background, or social class.

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heterogamy

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Relationships can more often be permanently satisfying, counselors advise, when spouses learn to care for the ___________ other, not a "splendid image."

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"unvarnished"

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Research has shown that individuals gradually filter, or sort out, whose who they think would not make the best life partner, for instance, women place importance on potential financial success in a mate. This is an example of which concept?

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assortive mating

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Research reveals that only men engage in physical aggression in male-female relationships. t/f

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false

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Research suggests several qualities to look for when choosing a spouse. Which of the following is NOT one of these qualities?

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a physically attractive, healthy person

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Research suggests that physical violence occurs in about ________ percent of dating relationships.

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20-40

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Robert Winch proposed the theory of ________, whereby people are attracted to partners whose needs compliment their own.

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complimentary needs

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Sociologist Robert Davis believes that black men are inclined to see white women as _______.

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the prize

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Sometimes the marriage exchange is accompanied by a dowry, a sum of money or property brought to the marriage by the ____________.

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female

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Suppose that a Puerto Rican marries a Cuban. The situation reflects __________.

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interethnic marriage

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The fact that marriages are arranged implies that love is ignored by parents. t/f

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false

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The _______ hypothesis assumes that individuals who choose serial cohabitation are different from those who do not; those differences translate into higher divorce rates.

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selection

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The ideas of bargaining, market, and resources used to describe relationships such as marriage come to us from ____________ theory.

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exchange

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____________ theory suggests that people tend to marry others whose social currency - social class, education, physical attractiveness- is similar to ours.

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Exchange

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The text points out that _________ is closely related to the concept of date rape.

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sexual coercion

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The text points out that consummate love is the same as "good chemistry." t/f

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false

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Today, in countries where arranged marriages used to be the norm, it is more common for the children to marry only when they themselves accept their parents' choice. Unions like these are called ________.

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assisted marriages

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Typically in __________ cultures, a wedding takes place only after a relationship has developed.

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free-choice

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Which of the following is NOT an interethnic marriage?

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African American-non-Hispanic white

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A 2009 poll found that ________ percent of respondents saying that gay male and lesbian couples raising children was bad for society.

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43

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About ____ percent of Americans say that they favor legal marriage for same-sex couples.

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50

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According to the text, unmarried parents to one partner's child should consider three documents. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

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a Living Trust

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A _____ is a situation or place characterized by group living.

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commune

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A legally or policy defined relationship between two individuals who live together and share a domestic lifestyle is called a ________.

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domestic partnership

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________ allow any two single adults - including same-sex partners - to have access to virtually all marriage rights and benefits on the state level, but none on the federal level.

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Civil unions

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By 2008 it was estimated that ________ of U.S. adults aged 30 through 44 had cohabited with a opposite sex partner at some time in their lives.

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58%

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Compared to married couples, cohabitors are all EXCEPT which of the following?

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older

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Compared to marrieds, cohabitants pool their money _____.

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to a lesser extent

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Compared to marrieds, cohabitants report that they are ______ happy with their relationships.

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less

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In 1996, the U.S. senate passed DOMA, which refuses to acknowledge same-sex marriages. What does DOMA stand for?

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Defense of Marriage Act

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In one study of cohabiting gay male, lesbian, heterosexually married, and dating couples, psychologist Lawrence Kurdek concluded that the gay and lesbian couples ______.

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experienced relationship quality similar to that of the marrieds.

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On average, cohabiting relationships are _____.

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relatively short term

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The text concludes that much of the increase in singlehood is explained by several factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

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rejection of marriage as an institution

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The text points out that when we think of singlehood as a(n) _______, we realize that not all singles are socially unattached, disconnected, or isolated.

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continuum

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When unmarried partners decide to move in together, there some absolutely firm legal guidelines to follow. t/f

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false

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Gay male and lesbian partners tend to be more egalitarian than heterosexual couples. t/f

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true

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According to the text, which of the following is NOT used by same-sex couples as commitment markers?

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moving to more accepted areas.

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In 2000, ________ became the first country to allow same-sex partners to marry.

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Netherlands

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In 2004, this state became the first to legalize same-sex marriage.

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Massachusetts

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Individuals living alone now make up ______ percent of U.S. households.

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27

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It appears that some of the increase in singlehood results from the low sex ratio and economic disadvantage. t/f

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true

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It is estimated that _______ of all cohabiting relationships last less than two years, because the couples either break up or marry.

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half

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Living communally has become even more popular today than during the 1960's. t/f

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false

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Other than legal respects, same-sex couples are very different than heterosexual ones. t/f

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false

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People's reasons for _________ often include the belief that marriage signifies loss of identity or stifles partners' communication and equality.

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cohabiting

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Reasons compared to adolescents living in married, two-biological families with those who have lived with a cohabiting parent. Those adolescents who have lived with a cohabiting parent are more likely to experience all EXCEPT which of the following?

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higher academic test scores

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Same-sex couple adoption is explicitly prohibited in only which state?

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Mississippi

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Same sex couples live in ______.

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virtually every county in every state.

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Same-sex divorce is __________ in a state that does not recognize the marriage.

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impossible

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Significantly less likely to be married than other racial/ethnic groups, ___________ are more likely than other groups to be living by themselves, particularly in older age groups.

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Blacks

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Social support is necessary for feeling positive about and generally satisfied with being single, whether living alone or not. t/f

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true

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Sociologist Catherine Ross has suggested that we need to reconceptualize various living arrangements as a continuum of ______.

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social attachment.

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Sociologist E. Kay Trimberger identified several "pillars of support" for single, unattached women. Which of the following is NOT one of these "pillars"?

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financial comfort

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Sociologists who argue that singles weigh the costs against the benefits of marrying are utilizing the _____ perspective.

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exchange

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Some adults who live with their parents have never moved out, but others - called _________- have left home and then returned.

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boomerangers

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The definition of domestic partner usually includes criteria of joint residence and finances, as well as a statement of loyalty and commitment. t/f

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true

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The proportion of middle-aged cohabitors has _______ over the past two decades.

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increased

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The number of one-person households has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. t/f

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true

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There is __________ evidence that children of same-sex partners are confused about their gender identity, either in childhood or adulthood, or that they are more likely to be homosexual.

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no

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The text cites four social factors that may encourage young people today to postpone marriage or not to marry at all. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

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a rejection of marriage as an institution

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The text points out that getting married is still the only way to gain adult status. t/f

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false

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Those who favor defining legal marriage as only heterosexual are more likely to value _______.

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traditional gender roles

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Throughout the nineteenth century and early twentieth centuries, the United States had more men than women. t/f

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true

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Today approximately _______ million U.S. heterosexual couples cohabit. t/f

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7.6

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Today, some cohabitants consider their lifestyle as a means of courtship, officially called _________, as they seek to test their compatibility before deciding whether to marry.

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premarital cohabitation

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Today there are approximately ________ same-sex couple households in the United States.

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25,000 to 50,000

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When unmarried partners decide to move in together, there are ____________.

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regulations, customs and laws that may cause them problems.

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Which of the following religious groups is expressly dedicated to serving gay and lesbian partnerships?

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the Metropolitan Community Church

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Young singles choose to live with their parents for several reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?

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tax shelter

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According to family historian Stephanie Coontz, the institution of marriage has changed from being seen as the fundamental unit of work and politics to being ________.

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a haven in a heartless world.

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According to the text, permanence and sexual exclusivity are two very important elements of the marriage ________.

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premise

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According to the text, the high expectations inherent in an individualistic marriage may be associated with several societal results. Which of the following is NOT one of these results?

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more early marriages, and pregnant teens

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in the last 50 years, the marriage rate has _________.

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generally declined

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A key difference between swinging and polyamory is that in the case of polyamory, outside relationships _________.

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can be emotional as well as sexual.

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A majority of unmarried families live in poverty. t/f

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false

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Arranged marriage has characterized _______ societies.

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collectivistic

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At least among white, middle-class Americans, the husband-wife dyad is expected to take precedence over any others. t/f

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true

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An important goal from the marital _________ perspective is to return to a society more in line with the values and norms of companionate marriage.

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decline

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Covenant marriages are bound by a lesser contract, making it easier to get a divorce.

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false

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In 2011, the median age at first marriage was _______ for both men and women.

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between 26 and 29

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It is estimated that there are about ______ married swingers in the United States.

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3 million

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"Jumping the broom" is an ______ wedding tradition that symbolized the wife's commitment to her new household.

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African American

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Only about 25 percent of Americans believe that extramarital sex is morally wrong. t/f

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false

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Those who view individualized marriage as ________ say that those who look back with nostalgia to the good old days may be idealizing the past.

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family change

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Typically, fundamental religionists are opposed to covenant marriage. t/f

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false

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With a group of other married couples, Melissa and Bob regularly exchange partners in order to engage in purely recreational sex. This reflects a practice known as _____.

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swinging

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Couples are "yoked" together by high expectations, bolstered by the strong social control of extended kin and community. Which does this describe?

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the institutional marriage bond.

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Due to the American individualistic orientation, three interrelated developments have occurred relating to marriage. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

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community becomes more vital and importatn

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Expectations for permanence derive from the fact that, historically, marriage has been a practical social institution. t/f

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true

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Family sociologist Andrew Cherlin has noticed that time-honored family definitions and social norms "count for far less" than in the past. He calls this _______.

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the deinstitutionalization of marriage

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Historically, marriage and family had two important functions: (1) guaranteeing property rights, and (2) __________.

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the responsible upbringing of children

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In 1878, in the case of Reynolds v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that ________.

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freedom to practice the Mormon religion did not extend to having multiple wives.

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In a(n) ___________ marriage, which dominates Americans' goals for marriage today, partners expect companionship and intimacy as well as more practical benefits.

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individualized

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In Europe, requirements for women's sexual exclusivity emerged to maintain the ________ line of descent.

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patriarchal

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In the United States, _____ remains the most socially acceptable - and stable - gateway to family life.

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marriage

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________ is a marriage form found in more places and at more times than any other.

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Polygyny

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__________ is a type of polygamy wherein a woman has multiple husbands.

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Polyandry

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La familia means the extended but NOT the nuclear family. t/f

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false

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Middle-class Americans often dream of attaining "the white picket fence". That is, they see marriage as an opportunity for idealized domesticity within the "haven" of their own single-family home. What marriage does this describe?

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the companionate marriage bond

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Nearly half of all single-parent families are ______.

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Non-Hispanic white

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Nearly two-thirds of marrieds say they are "very happy", compared to less than half of unmarrieds. t/f

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true

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__________, or having more than one spouse, is culturally accepted in many parts of the world.

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Polygamy

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Over the course of about three centuries, couples have moved from yoke mates to __________.

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soul mates

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Parents, brothers,and sisters are part of a person's family of _________.

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orientation

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_______ percent of the never-married tell pollsters that they do want to marry.

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sixty-one

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Policy advocates from a marital _________ perspective are mainly concerned about the high number and proportions of parents and children living in poverty,

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change

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Polls show that both male and female spouses are far more likely than others to say that they are 'very happy.' Nearly _______ of marrieds sy they are 'very happy' compared to less than half of unmarrieds.

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two-thirds

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Polyamory refers to marriages in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually and emotionally love others in addition to their spouse. t/f

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true

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Polyandry refers to multiple wives for one husband. t/f

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false

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Rhonda and Javier have recently married and have agreed that they will only have sexual relations with each other. This agreement reflects the expectations of __________.

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sexual exclusivity

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Roland and Megan are married, but have agreed to retain the option of sexually and emotionally loving others. This is referred to in the text as _______.

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polyamory

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The Netherlands first enacted a civil marriage law in ________.

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1590

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The proportion of children under age eighteen living with two married parents ___________ over the past 30 years.

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declined steadily

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The text notes that getting married announces a personal life-course to several different parties. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

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the country

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Those who view individualized marriage as _________ assert that our culture's unchecked individualism has caused widespread moral weakening and self-indulgence.

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family decline

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What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?

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love and ongoing emotional support

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What we today call the ___________ family if characterized by tolerance and diversity, rather than a single family ideal.

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postmodern

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Which of the following is NOT one of the five major social institutions as identified by social scientists?

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sports

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With few cross-cultural or historical exceptions, marriages have been expected to ________.

answer

be lifelong undertakings

Marriage and Family Chapters 5, 6, 7 quiz – Flashcards

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