question

What is not a way that the study of Antarctica is important for identifying how Earth has changed over thousands of years?

answer

trapped animals show DNA

question

What kind of seal is not a seal commonly found in the Antarctic?

answer

harp seal

question

Which of the following is not a reason people want to travel to Antarctica?

answer

catch penguins

question

What country owns the Prince Edward Islands?

answer

South Africa

question

What is the name of the island we visited off the coast of Africa?

answer

Madagascar

question

Characterized by decreased tradewind strength (air pressure in Darwin, Australia is higher than at Tahiti).

answer

El Nino

question

The eastern thermocline allows the winds to pull up nutrient rich water from below. (5 points)

answer

Normal pattern

question

Strong upwelling off South America resulting in cooler water to extend further westward.

answer

La Nina

question

Sea surface temperature higher in Western Pacific than the waters off South America by about 14 degrees Fahrenheit.

answer

Normal pattern

question

Western Pacific becomes relatively dry while rainfall tends to increase over Central Pacific.

answer

El Nino

question

Warm phase of ENSO, sea surface temperature increases to greater than normal in the Eastern Pacific.

answer

El Nino

question

Which of the following is NOT a natural disaster caused by El Nino?

answer

Malaria

question

All of the following regions of the world is likely to experience prolonged dry periods resulting in drought conditions and possible fires EXCEPT

answer

Peru and Ecuador

question

Based on the information you read, during an El Nino, the Atlantic Ocean is more likely to have a high number of hurricanes.

answer

False

question

If you lived in the Pacific Northwestern part of the US during an El Nino, would you expect to use your umbrella more frequently or less frequently than normal

answer

Less

question

The El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon provides good opportunities to study

answer

Effects of climate variability on human health

question

Which condition is believed to be caused by El Niño and effectively weakens hurricanes in the Atlantic ocean?

answer

high wind shear

question

We only see hurricanes in the summer months because

answer

the water is warmer in the summer.

question

Hurricanes in the Northern hemisphere always rotate

answer

counter-clockwise

question

Check the boxes below that indicate possible damaging effects directly caused by a hurricane

answer

high winds rip tides coastal flooding tornadoes

question

Which of the following conditions describes the eye of a hurricane?

answer

calm winds low pressure higher water levels

question

Which of the following lists the four steps of hurricane development in the proper order?

answer

area of low pressure, tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane

question

Explain how a storm surge forms and what effect this can have on the coastline.

answer

A storm surge occurs when an abnormal rise of water happens due to a storm. it destroys whatever is in its path

question

. Explain why hurricanes cannot form along the equator.

answer

the coriolis force is too weak

question

The pebbles the Adelie penguins collect are used to

answer

to build a nest

question

The primary food for Adelie penguins is

answer

krill

question

Groups of Adelie penguins are called

answer

rookeries

question

What two animals below are common predators of Adelie chicks or eggs?

answer

skuas giant petrels

question

Emperor penguins incubate their eggs during what Antarctic season?

answer

winter

question

Emperor penguins feed primarily on

answer

squid and fish

question

In Emperor penguins which sex incubates the egg?

answer

males

question

All of the following are ways penguins stay warm except

answer

swimming fast

question

Penguins sometimes get too hot. All of the following are ways the penguins cool off except

answer

swim really fast

question

All of the following may be predators of adult penguins except

answer

squid

question

Of the six species of seals found in Antarctica, four of them breed on the actual ice in the spring months. Which species of seal prefers to spend time on land?

answer

fur,elephant

question

Ice that forms and then melts seasonally around the coast of Antarctica is best described as

answer

sea ice

question

Temperatures along the coastline of the Sandwich Islands are on the average 10-20 degrees lower than the west coast of Ireland. Which of the following best explains the role that currents play in this variation?

answer

cold water currents bring cooler weather to the Sandwich Islands

question

All of the following cause surface currents except

answer

animal movement

question

In your own words explain the difference between El Nino and La Nina.

answer

El Nino cause warmer temperatures and happens during hurricane season. La Nina causes colder temperatures and happens near the colder currents

question

Which of the following statements about sea surface temperature is evidence of an El Nino year?

answer

greater than normal in the Eastern Pacific

question

Which of the following organisms does not rely on krill as a major food source?

answer

Leopard seal

question

Adelie penguins use pebbles to attract a mate. What is another use they have for the pebbles?

answer

build nests

question

Emperor penguins huddle together during the Antarctic winter months. Once a penguin reaches the interior of the huddle he

answer

moves back to the exterior to allow another individual the chance to warm

question

To grow, reefs need which of the following?

answer

warm temperatures constant salinity plenty of sunshine

question

Coral reefs are primarily found

answer

Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

question

The symbiosis between the zooxanthellae and the coral polyp is known as what kind of relationship?

answer

mutualism

question

Two reptiles that may be found on the Great Barrier reef are

answer

sea turtles sea snakes

question

Beds of sea grasses, sharks and rays

answer

Reef Flat

question

Highest point of reef, stoutly branching coral

answer

Algal Ridge/Reef Crest

question

Strong Currents, stout fire corals, surgeon and parrot fish

answer

Submarine Terrace

question

Flat outter reef, encrusting coralline algae, gardens of corals

answer

Terrace

question

Horizontal corals, gorgonian corals and sea fans

answer

Reef slope

question

Coral reefs are important

answer

act as barriers to protect inland areas good indicators of water quality provide homes to large variety of organisms

question

Which of the following is a natural threat to coral reefs?

answer

crown of thorn starfish

question

Which of the following is a way divers impact the coral reef?

answer

walking on reefs breaking them and taking home dropping anchors

question

Pick two ways fishermen are harming coral reefs.

answer

explosives poison

question

The organism that actually builds the reef is the

answer

polyp

question

The algae that has a symbiotic relationship with the reef builders is the

answer

zooxanthellae

question

According to the two sites in the assignment, what is an estuary?

answer

an area where fresh water meets the ocean

question

Which of the following IS NOT a reason why estuaries are important?

answer

they are the least polluted areas of the ocean.

question

Which of the following IS NOT a reason why organisms in an estuary have special adaptations?

answer

are exposed to intense sunlight during the majority of the day.

question

How do estuaries compare in terms of production compared to other areas

answer

Estuaries are the most productive of all marine ecosystems.

question

What is the main source of nutrients in an estuary?

answer

detritus

question

What is a mangrove forest?

answer

forest comprised of hardy salt tolerant trees

question

Mangrove trees withstand all of the following conditions except

answer

dry arid soil

question

Specialized structures that allow mangroves to get oxygen in soil that is usually anaerobic are called

answer

pneumatophores

question

Mangroves excrete salt by

answer

stored in leaves until the leaf dies secreted in special leaf glands membranes in root cells keep out salt

question

Mangroves from the family Rhizophoraceae reproduce using a specialized process of germinating seeds on the parent tree and then producing a seedling ready to go. What is that seedling called?

answer

propogule

question

Red mangroves are easily identified by their specialized roots called

answer

prop roots

question

In the mangroves of Australia, what large reptile may be found hunting for large crabs, birds and mammals.

answer

Salt water crocodile

question

The mangroves are the only home to a very interesting fish which buries in the mud at high tide and climbs trees and feeds on crabs. What is the name of this fish?

answer

mudskipper

question

Crabs are a very common part of the mangrove ecosystem with over 60 species found. One very recognizable species has a large claw that it waves around to attract mates. What crab is this?

answer

fiddler crab

question

Mangroves are important ecosystems because

answer

they trap excess nutrients from agricultural runoff they prevent coastal erosion they trap sediments

question

Coral reefs are usually found near the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Which of the following best describes why this is an ideal location for coral?

answer

warm water temperatures

question

Certain corals have been found in extremely deep water. These coral lack the zooxanthellae that are found in tropical coral reefs. What is the most likely explanation for this?

answer

zooxanthellae cannot survive without sunlight

question

Coral reefs face many threats. The crown-of-thorns starfish is an example of a ________________ threat.

answer

natural

question

Which of the following is an example of a mollusk in class bivalvia?

answer

oyster

question

While exploring tide pools at the local beach you discover an organism that appears to be a mollusk. In an effort to identify the organims you make the following observations: single shell, soft body, slow moving, small eyes at the tips of eye stalks. What type of mollusk do you believe you have found (bivalve, gastropod, or cephalopod)? Provide your rationale for coming to that conclusion.

answer

Gastropod. Because the class gastropoda is characterized by those descriptions, where as bivalve and cephalopod are characterized by other descriptions

question

Organisms that live in an estuary must be able to withstand high and low saline levels in the water. This is because estuaries are:

answer

partly enclosed areas with brackish water strongly affected by high and low tides

question

Which of the following could explain a decrease in the salinity of water in an estuary?

answer

low tide moves salt water out of an estuary

question

Mangroves are often destroyed in the process of land development, the building of shrimp farms and ports. Provide rationale for why these plants should be protected. Please include at least three (3) pieces of evidence to support your claim.

answer

They provide a habitat for several different types of species of organisms. They help in preventing coastal erosion. They also produce oxygen needed for the environment.

question

Why do deep-water waves sometimes break instead of just getting bigger?

answer

The waves can't grow any more in size because the energy from the winds is equal to the energy lost by the waves breaking and then leaving the fetch zone.

question

Which of the following things DOES NOT determine the size of a wind generated wave?

answer

wind direction

question

If you were standing at the end of a pier with a stopwatch in hand, how would you measure the average WAVE PERIOD of the waves that pass by?

answer

Determine a fixed point on the pier and note the time between a crest and the next crest that reaches that point.

question

Why do successive (one after the other) waves that arrive at the beach have different heights?

answer

They have received different amounts of energy in the fetch

question

What is the difference between a sea and a swell?

answer

Irregular patterns of waves with peaks in the same area of the wind wave formation are called sea. Swell are waves that move past the area of influence of the generating winds.

question

In order to see all three planetary bodies AS THEY MOVE IN THE SAME PLANE, where is your "vantage point" with respect to Earth?

answer

In space over the North or South pole, looking down at the Earth.

question

Tidal range is the distance between high and low water levels in a tide zone. Which type of planetary alignment would you expect to show the HIGHEST tidal range?

answer

Sun, moon and Earth aligned with the Sun and Moon on opposite sides of Earth.

question

Tidal range explains the difference in the height of the water level between a high and low tide. Which of the following correctly explains the difference in tidal ranges of a spring and neap tide:

answer

The tidal range is the greatest for spring tides and the smallest for neap tides.

question

Which of the following best expresses the differences between a semi-diurnal and diurnal tide?

answer

A diurnal tide is a single high and low tide in a 25 hour period and a semi-diurnal tide is two high tides and two low tides in a single day.

question

Which of the following is correct about tidal currents?

answer

An Ebb tide occurs when the water is flowing out and a Flood Tide occurs when the water is flowing in.

question

What type of coloration do the Stonefish, and Oscellated Frogfish have?

answer

cryptic

question

What type of coloration do the triggerfish have?

answer

disruptive

question

Why do you think they use a different coloration pattern than the first group?

answer

They are usually found along the bottom hiding or resting.

question

Which of the three types of coloration do you think most schooling fish (that aren't predators) have?

answer

disruptive

question

What type of body shape and tail shape do the triggerfish and hawkfish have?

answer

Compressed body shape, homocercal tail shape

question

Why would their body and tail shape be a good adaptation to where they live?

answer

Their tail shape gives them maneuverability and their body shape allows them to fit into small places on the reefs.

question

What type of body shape and tail shape do sharks have?

answer

Fusiform body shape, heterocercal tail shape

question

Why would their body and tail shape be a good adaptation to where they live?

answer

They are a top predator and need speed to hunt down their prey.

question

What type of body shape and tail shape do stingrays have?

answer

Depressed body shape and diphycercal tail

question

Sharks are one of the most dangerous species in the ocean that can kill man but Satan is our biggest enemy.

answer

True

question

What is the deepest part of the ocean called?

answer

Challenger Deep

question

You are a marine biologist exploring some of the deepest parts of the ocean. You come across a new organism that has some interesting adaptations. One of those adaptations is that is the organism has no eyes. What is the most logical purpose for this adaptation?

answer

relies on other adaptations due to darkness

question

Successive waves that arrive at the beach have different heights because they

answer

have received different amounts of energy in the fetch

question

Neap tides are weaker than average tides. This means that they have a lower than average high tide and a higher than average low tide. Which type of planetary alignment would you expect to result in a neap tide?

answer

Neap tides are weaker than average tides. This means that they have a lower than average high tide and a higher than average low tide. Which type of planetary alignment would you expect to result in a neap tide?

question

While fishing you reel in a fish that you've never seen before. It has a speckled appearance and is mostly brown and beige in color. What type of coloration does this fish demonstrate?

answer

cryptic

question

Fish that have a depressed shape are flat and often have both eyes on the same side of their body. What is a benefit of this body shape?

answer

hiding along the bottom

question

Lamprey and remoras belong to which class of fish?

answer

Agnatha

question

Tidal waves, or tsunamis, are caused by plate movements under the ocean and displace huge amounts of water. Explain why the term "tidal wave" is a misnomer and propose a name that would be a better fit for that type of wave.

answer

A tidal waves, or tsunamis, are large waves caused by plate movement (plate tectonics) under the ocean and cause displacement in the water. However, it is in no way related to tides, because tides are cause by extraterrestrial gravitational pull from the sun, moon, and earth. Whereas tsunamis are natural disasters caused by shifts in the earths plates. A better name for tidal wave would be "oceanic-collision wave"

question

Out of the characteristics listed below, select the ones that are common to ALL mammals, not just marine mammals.

answer

Nurse young with milk Bear live young Breathe air Warm-blooded

question

Out of the characteristics listed below, select the ones that are common to marine mammals ONLY.

answer

Blubber layer Stay underwater longer Store extra oxygen in muscles Streamlined bodies

question

Out of the characteristics listed below, choose the ones that describe a sea lion.

answer

Able to "walk" on land using all flippers External ear flaps Can rotate rear flippers

question

The advantage to having flippers that rotate on land would be:

answer

able to move easier.

question

Which of the following is NOT a reason otters are able to stay warm in cold Pacific waters?

answer

thick blubber layer

question

Out of the characteristics listed below, choose the ones that describe a toothed whale.

answer

One blowhole on top of head Use echolocation Teeth are present One type would be a killer whale

question

Manatee

answer

Have a low metabolic rate and need warm water

question

Baleen Whale

answer

Has large plates in mouth to filter small organisms from water to feed

question

Toothed Whale

answer

Uses echolocation to navigate

question

Seal

answer

Move rear flippers side to side in water

question

Sea Otter

answer

Uses tools to help it feed

question

Polar bear

answer

Translucent fur that reflects light

question

When people feed wild dolphins, which of the following is LEAST likely to occur?

answer

The dolphins often follow boats back to port.

question

Explain how the feeding of wild dolphins affects the mother/calf bond.

answer

Calves are born with a natural instinct to feed from its mother. if fed human food mother and calf have to compete and the calf is not taught how to adapt to that situation and often loose to the mother resulting in malnutrition. Also the food the mother eats can affect the milk the calf consumes.

question

What are three ways humans can SAFELY interact with wild dolphins?

answer

Watch from afar. Avoid entrapping animals in any nets or extensions off of boats avoid touching or swimming with marine animals

question

When dolphins begin to associate people with food, what negative affects could this have on the dolphin?

answer

Dolphins may become sick from eating food that is not their natural prey. The dolphins can become entangled in fishing lines and nets.

question

Describe one other type of organism that lives in the ocean that might suffer from intentional human contact. Explain one negative affect the contact may have on the organism. Provide one reason why the organism you chose may be impacted by human contact.

answer

sea turtles are a type of organism that lives in the ocean that might suffer from intentional human contact. It can cause domestication and dependence on humans. It can affect their diet and habitat. they can easily become entrapped in nets and other human debris. it affects their habitat and their ability to find food that is meant for them.

question

Kelp forests are usually found at what depths?

answer

50-120 feet

question

Kelp are able to hold to the substrate using what structures?

answer

holdfasts

question

The part of the kelp that helps to keep the leaves and plant upright are

answer

gas bladders

question

Kelp grows best in an area where all of the following are except

answer

soft sandy bottom

question

During what season does the kelp renew itself and new growth takes place?

answer

Spring

question

What invertebrate feeds heavily on kelp and can end up destroying the forest?

answer

sea urchin

question

abalone

answer

along bottom

question

brittle stars

answer

around holdfasts

question

giant kelp fish

answer

canopy

question

jeweled top snail

answer

along frond blades

question

Explain how the sea otters use the kelp forests for protection.

answer

the dense forest allows for protections from the sea otters predators. it also can become a part of their habitat, when they sleep so as to not drift away.

question

Aquatic animals should be protected if they face extinction.

answer

True

question

Large ships that remove and process huge amounts of fish each year are called

answer

supertrawlers

question

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management defines fish as

answer

finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of plant life other than marine mammals and birds.

question

Kelp can be described as a

answer

fast growing algae.

question

Kelp is

answer

an algae what grows in long strands.

question

If this group is removed from a food web, many organisms are affected.

answer

keystone predators

question

Sea otters play an important role in maintaining the sea urchin population in the kelp forest. The sea otter is known as a

answer

keystone species.

question

sea otter

answer

canopy

question

cup corals

answer

along fronds and stalks

question

Algae products can be found in

answer

frosting

question

One adaptation that is unique to marine mammals is they

answer

can slow their heart beat down.

question

One reason why it is against the law to feed wild dolphins is because

answer

dolphins might become injured when coming close to a boat propeller in search of humans with food.

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