Marine Bacteria – Flashcards
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| Vibrio Harveyii |
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| - free-living, bioluminescent, curved rod-shape, gram (-), sheathed polar flagellum - facultative anaerobe - halophilic |
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| Allovibrio fischerii |
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| - planktonic - bioluminescent - symbiotic relationships with deep sea organisms |
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| Vibrio alginolyticus |
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| - world's fastest organism - 2nd most common marine bacteria - produces tetrodotoxin (TTX) |
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| Vibrio cholerae |
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| - CTX? bacteriophage transmits cholera toxin gene from one bacterium to the next - Toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) allows for obtainment of CTX genome w/ TTX - ADP-ribosylating toxins -> Protein Kinase A -> increase cAMP levels -> sodium poumps -> osmotic potential change -> release of fluids and dehydration. |
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| Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
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| - Thermostable direct haemolysin -> detect with blood agar - From raw seafood - Gastroenteritis |
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| Bdellovibrio |
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| - Parasite of other gram (-) bacteria - Feed on proteins in periplasmic space - Bdelloblast = both predator and prey - Forms a long, filamentous cell that differentiates and infects other bacteria |
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| Photobacterium |
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| - Contributes to 30-80% of primary production in ocean - Oxygenic photosynthesizers - Have chlorophyll a & b, carotene, xanthophyll pigments instead of phycobilins (cyanobacteria) |
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| Pseudoalteromonas |
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| - Strict anaerobes - Degrade oil and aromatic compounds - Alkane -> alcohol ->aldehyde ->fatty acid -> beta oxidation |
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| Nitrobacter |
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| - Rod-shaped gram (-) - Oxidises nitrite to nitrate in soil - Nitrifying bacteria |
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| Desulfovibrio |
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| - Gram (-), sulphate reducing bacteria - SO4 -> H2S |
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| Vampirococcus |
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| - Obligate parasites of purple sulphur bacteria |
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| Clostridium |
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| - Sulphur reducing bacteria - Gram (+)?, obligate anaerobes - Inhabit anaerobic sediments |
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| Sulphate Reducing Bacteria |
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| - oxodize organic compounds or hydrogen while reducing sulphate to hydrogen sulphide. - "breathe" sulphate rather than oxygen. anaerobes. - assimilatory and dissimilatory - Sulphate is terminal electron acceptor - desulfovibrio, clostridium |
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| Nitrification Bacteria |
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| - Chemoautotrophic/chemolithotrophic - oxidise ammonium to hydroxylamine; nitrite to nitrate - Found in highest counts where ammonia is present (lots of organic waste) - Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter |
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| Denitrification Bacteria |
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| - Nitrate reductase enzyme: oxides -> nitrogen gas - Facultative anaerobes (usually in oxygen absence) - NO3 -> N2 - pseudomonas, alcaligenes, bacillus |
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| Heavy Metal Bacteria |
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| Methanogens |
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| - produce methane byproduct in anoxic conditions - Archaea, free-living and in guts of ruminants an humans - obligate anaerobes - Reduce CO2 (sometimes acetate) to methane -> gradient across membrane to produce ATP - Lack peptidoglycan |
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| Methanotrophs |
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| - aerobic and anaerobic, metabolise methane & 1C compounds - aerobic conditions -> Ox + methane = formaldehyde |
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| Methylotrophs |
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| - use reduced 1C compounds (incl. methane) and multi-carbon compounds with no double bonds. - can be methanotrophs |
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| Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria |
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| - Convert nitrogen gas to ammonium - Cyanobacteria, green sulphur bacteria |
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| Sulphur Oxidising Bacteria |
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| - Convert SH, HS, S to sulfate - DMSP -> from dying phytoplankton cells (biogenic gas) |
