Flashcards on Management Test (Ch 7, 8, 9)
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The organization chart
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both shows the characteristics of the organization's vertical structure and is a visual representation of the organization's structure.
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Which of the following refers to the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs?
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Work specialization
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When work specialization is extensive
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employees perform a single task.
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Jacob was recently looking at his company's organization chart in an attempt to discover who reports to whom. Jacob is studying his organization's
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chain of command.
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____ is also referred to as work specialization.
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Division of labor
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Unity of command and the scalar principle are both closely related to the
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chain of command
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____ means that each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor.
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Unity of command
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The formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions is
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authority.
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____ refers to a clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees.
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Scalar principle
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The people with authority and responsibility are subject to reporting and justifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command. This is called
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accountability
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Which of the following characteristics distinguishes authority?
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Subordinates accept it.
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Gina wishes to transfer authority and responsibility to her subordinates. This process is known as
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delegation.
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Which department performs tasks that reflect the organization's primary goals and mission?
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line
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____ departments include all of those that provide specialized skills in support of ____ departments.
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Staff; line
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Which of the following typically is NOT considered a staff department?
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Manufacturing
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Carly's Clothes, Inc. manufactures children's clothes. Which of the following departments for Carly's Clothes can be considered a line department?
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Manufacturing department
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Which of the following refers to the number of employees reporting to a supervisor?
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the span of management
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Traditionally, a span of management of about ____ has been recommended.
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seven
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Kevin's subordinates are highly trained and all perform similar tasks. Nichole's subordinates are spread over two locations and she has little available in the way of support systems. Which of the following statements is most correct?
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Kevin's span of management can be larger than Nichole's.
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According to Spotlight on Skills in Chapter 7, all of the following are effective ways for a manager to delegate EXCEPT:
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save feedback for completion of the project
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Which of the following organizations have a flat structure compared to others?
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Organization B with three hierarchical levels
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The deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals is known as
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organizing
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The framework in which the organization defines how tasks are divided, resources are deployed, and departments are coordinated is called
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organization structure
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The visual representation of an organization's structure is called the
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organization chart
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Division of labor is also known as
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work specialization
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The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into individual jobs is called
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work specialization
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The _____________ is an unbroken line of authority that links all persons in an organization and shows who reports to whom.
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chain of command
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When each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor, it is called
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unity of command
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The _______ refers to a clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees.
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scalar principle
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The three characteristics of authority are
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that it must be vested in positions not people, flow down the vert. hierarchy, and accepted by subordinates.
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_______ is the formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve organizationally desired outcomes.
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authority
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List the five approaches to departmentalization.
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Vertical functional, divisional, matrix, team based, virtual network
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List three disadvantages of the divisional structure.
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Duplication of resources across divisions, less technical depth/specialization, poor conditions across divisions.
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List the advantages of the virtual network structure.
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Can draw on expertise world wide, highly flexible,/ responsible, reduce overhead costs
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List the three basic types of production technology.
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small batch and unit production, large batch and mass production, continuous process production
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Describe service technology.
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Characterized by intangible outputs and direct contact between employees and customers.
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The adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization is known as organizational
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change
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Successful change requires that organizations be capable of both creating and implementing ideas, which means the organization must learn to be
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ambidextrous.
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The generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization is called
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creativity
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Which of the following refers to the generation of novel solutions to perceived problems?
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creativity
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The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as
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exploration
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The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as
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cooperation
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The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as
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entrepreneurship
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____ change is a change in the organization's product or service outputs.
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product
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Which of the following is a change in the organization's production process -- how the organization does its work?
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technology
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A ____ change is related to the organization production process.
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technological
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All of the following are characteristics of creative individuals EXCEPT
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rationality
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All of the following are characteristics of creative organizations EXCEPT
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centralization
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative individual?
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Authorization and dependent
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Jackie, a new employee of yours, strikes you as curious, open-minded, and receptive to new ideas. Keep your eye on Jackie, for she may very well be
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a creative individual
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Creative organizations
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are loosely structured.
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All of the following are critical innovation strategies for changing products and technologies EXCEPT
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risk propensity
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Which of the following provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics?
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An idea incubator
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According to BusinessWeek, in 2010, ____ was ranked as the World's Most Innovative Company.
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Apple
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Innovation requires the coordination that occurs with the ____.
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horizontal linkage model
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____ change is the primary way in which organizations adapt to changes in markets, technology, and competition.
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product
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A unit which functions as a separate unit and gives free rein to members is called a(n):
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new venture team
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____ change refers to a major shift in the norms, values, attitudes and mind-set of the entire organization.
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culture
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___ is the process of determining which forces drive and which forces resist a proposed change.
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Force-field analysis
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To reduce resistance to change, ____ are/ is used when solid information about the change is needed by users and others who may resist implementation.
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communication and education
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is defined as the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.
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Organizational change
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is a change in the organization's product or service outputs.
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product change
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The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas is known as
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exploration
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The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves managers putting in place processes and structures to ensure that new ideas are carried forward for acceptance and implementation is known as
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entrepreneurship
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The innovation strategy for changing products and technologies that involves creating conditions and systems to facilitate internal and external coordination and knowledge sharing is known as
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cooperation
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is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization.
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creativity
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change is related to the organization's production process, i.e., how the organization does its work.
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technology
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is an in-house program that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics.
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idea incubator
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model is an approach to product change that emphasizes shared development of innovations among several departments.
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horizontal linked model
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A strategy based on the ability to deliver products and services faster than competitors is called
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fast cycle teams
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List the three distinct steps for achieving behavioral and attitudinal change.
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1. unfreezing, 2. changing, 3. refreezing
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List the four reasons why employees tend to resist change.
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-Self-interest - Lack of understanding and trust -uncertainty -Different assessments and goals
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List the five specific tactics that can be used to overcome employee resistance to change
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- Communication, education -Participation -Negotiation .Coercion -Top Management support
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____ refers to the activities undertaken to attract, develop, and maintain an effective workforce within an organization.
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human resource management
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The strategic approach to human resource management recognizes key elements. Which of the following is NOT an ingredient in successful human resource management?
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Only top-line managers are predominantly human resource managers.
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All of the following are current strategic issues of particular concern to managers EXCEPT
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right people to become more competitive on a local basis.
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All of the following are goals of human resource management EXCEPT
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turning over an effective workforce.
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Today, more than ever, strategic decisions are related to human resource considerations. Which of the following refers to the economic value of knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities of employees?
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human capital
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Which of the following created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission?
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civil rights act
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The hiring of applicants based on criteria that are not job-related is called
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discrimination
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Lainie was denied a promotion to partner in her accounting firm because of her gender. Lainie is a victim of
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discrimination
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____ is a policy requiring employers to be proactive in being certain that equal opportunity exists for all within their organization.
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affirmative action
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Greene, Inc. requires that all managers undergo gender sensitivity training with the intent of eliminating gender stereotypes in the organization. This is an example of
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equal employment opportunity.
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The ____ prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals by employers for a demand of "reasonable accommodation."
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American with Disabilities Act
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Which of the following restricts mandatory retirement?
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The Age Discrimination in Employment Act
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The ____ prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disability.
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Vocational Rehabilitation Act
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Family and Medical Leave Act requires employers to provide up to ____ weeks unpaid leave for childbirth, adoption, or family emergencies.
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12
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Which Health/Safety law requires continued health insurance coverage (paid by employee) following termination?
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Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
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____ is/are part of the new social contract for employees.
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Employability, personal responsibility
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From the employer's viewpoint, which of these is part of new social contract?
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Incentive compensation
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A(n) ____ is a company that is highly attractive to potential employees because of human resources practices that focus on tangible and intangible benefits, and that embraces a long-term view to solving immediate problems.
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employer of choice
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In the new workplace, ____ are people who work for an organization, but not on a permanent or full-time basis.
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contingent workers
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Which of the following means using computers and telecommunications equipment to do work without going to an office?
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Telecommuting
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____ is the first step in attracting an effective work force
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human resource planning
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____ is the second step in attracting individuals who show signs of becoming valued, productive, and satisfied employees.
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Choosing recruiting procedures
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In utilizing the matching model of employee selection, the organization offers ____ and the employee offers ____.
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inducements, contributions
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The forecasting of human resource needs and the projected matching of individuals with expected job vacancies is referred to as human resource
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planning
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Bryan, who works in the human resource department, is interested in gathering data on the projected number of resignations and retirements over the next ten years. He is most likely performing which of the following activities?
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Human resource planning
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____ refers to activities undertaken to attract, develop, and maintain an effective workforce within an organization.
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Human Resource Management
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______ refers to the economic value of knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities of employees.
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human capital
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___ is the hiring or promoting of applicants based on criteria that are not job relevant.
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discrimination
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A policy requiring employers to take positive steps to guarantee equal employment opportunities for people within protected groups is known as
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affirmative action
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______ are people who work for an organization, but not on a permanent or full-time basis.
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contingent workers
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_____ means using computers and telecommunications equipment to perform work from home or another remote location.
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Telecommunicating
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With the ______, the organization and the individual attempt to match the needs, interests, and values that they offer each other.
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matching model
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____ is the forecasting of human resource needs.
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Human resource Planning
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____ is defined as "activities or practices that define the characteristics of applicants to whom selection procedures are ultimately applied."
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recruiting
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The systematic process of gathering and interpreting information about essential duties refers to
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job analysis
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List the four steps in attracting an effective workforce.
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HR planning, choose recruiting sources, select the candidate, welcome new employees
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List the most frequently used selection devices.
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Application Form Interview Employment Test Assessment Center Online Checks
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What are some innovative approaches that managers can use to recruit the right people?
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referrals, social media, searching relevant trade groups
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List the three most common types of employment tests that organizations may use to select employees.
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Cognitive tests Personality tests Physical tests Job knowledge tests
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List the five categories or forms of sexual harassment.
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Generalized Inappropriate/ offensive Solicitation with promise of reward Coercion with threat of Punishment Sexual crimes and misdemeanors
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