Management Principles and Concepts UofA – Flashcards
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Theory X perceives employees as lazy and unmotivated to do good work
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X
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A recent study by the AFL-CIO stated that today the average annual pay for top executives at over 300 major US companies as 12,000,000
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12,000,000
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Good management begins with you having the proper attitude towards your employees
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TRUE
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Your aim in studying motivation should be to go beyond motivating and discover how to inspire yourself and others to do their absolute best.
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TRUE
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The perceived likelihood that an employees performance will be followed by a particular outcome is called instrumentality
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TRUE
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According to Herzberg, actual job responsibilities, opportunities for personal growth and recognition, and the feelings of achievement that the job provides would be the most effective in motivating workers
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TRUE
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The basic idea of the Law of effect is that a behavior that is followed by a reward will likely be repeated
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In an ideal situation, from the CEO to the janitor, everyone has a sense of ownership about the organization
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Expectancy Theory is concerned with the expectations of employees
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TRUE
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Research shows that people with a high need for affiliation should not pursue a career in management
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TRUE
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Douglas McGregor published The Human Side of Enterprose
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Med Jones said "you cannot lead others if you cannot lead yourself"
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TRUE
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The unwritten understanding between management and workers regarding what is expected from both is called the psychological contract
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TRUE
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Allowing employees to rotate through jobs so they don't get so bored is called job rotation
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TRUE
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Goal-Setting Theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their behavior toward a particular end
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TRUE
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The term used to describe the value a particular outcome holds for an employee is called valence
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When employees have a choice, they prefer to work at place where they will be respected as human beings
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Giving employees additional tasks to do to relieve boredom and increase their chances for promotion is called job enlargement
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A way for management to quickly apply the Law of Effect is to say "thank you" and "good job" as soon as an employee does something worthy of praise
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Deming advocated the elimination of slogans and work quotas
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Sun Tzu's book The Art of War still provides principles that apply to practically all forms of management and leadership
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Machiavelli's contribution to modern management theory is the concept that leaders have a responsibility to protect and defend theory followers
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Peter Drucker is known for suggesting that the main goal of a business is not to make a maximum profit, but rather to meet the needs of customers, thereby making a profit as a by-product
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Abraham Weber is best known for developing the concept of the Heirarchy of Needs
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Adam Smith's famous work, The Wealth of Nations, put forth the concept of the Law of Supply and Demand
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Douglas McGregor is famous for developing the concepts of Theory X and Theory Y
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Professor Ouichi studied the Japanese style of management that focuses on a strong company philosophy, a distinct corporate culture, long-range employee development, and decision making by consensus
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According to Mary P Follett, coercive power is the curse of the universe; coactive power the enrichment and advancement of every human soul
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Lillian Gilbreth is famous for furthering the work of her husband following his death going on to study workplace efficiency and was the subject of the movie Cheaper by the Dozen
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Sun Tzus major contribution to modern-day management theory is the idea that good managers use their intelligence more than their muscles to obtain sustainable competitive advantage for their organization
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In addition to writing The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith wrote The Theory of Moral Sentiments stating that real capitalists should operate out of sympathy, courage, duty, benevolence and self-respect, not greed
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Adam Smith did NOT advocate foe an unregulated capitalistic system
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Henri Fayol is known as the Father of Administrative Management and his 14 Principles of Management suggested that there could be a field of management separate from the type of industry being managed
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Peter Drucker is known to have scolded modern executives because he thought CEOs should earn no more than 20 times what the ran-and-file worker earned. Today top-executives make 1100 times more than the average worker
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Folett said "the best leader knows how to make his follewers actually feel power themselves, not just acknowledge his power
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Deming was the American statistician who attempted to convince American business leaders to apply his statistical methods to industrial quality control but was more successful in Japan than in the US
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Peter Drucker authored the book, The Practice of Management, one of the first textbooks about the field of management
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Mary P Follett is called the Mother of Conflict Resolution
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Walter A Shewhart published Economic Control of Quality which is still considered a classic in the field of quality control
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Instead of blaming workers, Deming pointed out that many aspects of production process are beyond control of the individual worker
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According to Drucker, effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results
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Follett taught that people can gain power over others through brute force but genuine power comes from working with people in a cooperative mode rather than a command mode
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Max Weber is famous for writing about the benefits of a merit-based organization
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Deming was AGAINST the use of evaluation by performance, merit ratings and annual performance reviews
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Machiavelli wrote the Prince to encourage the leaders of Florence to be more forceful
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Frederick W Taylor is considered the Father of Scientific Management
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According to Deming, all anyone asks for is a chance to work with PRIDE
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Elton Mayo is considered the Father of the Behavioral Approach to Management
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The current thinking about management theory has progressed from military-style control and command to a set of modern management principles anc concepts built upon the fields of psychology and sociology
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According to Thomas B Macaulay, the highest proof of virtue is to possess boundless power without abusing it
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Virtue ethics is centered on who you are rather than what you do
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Level 3 (post-conventional) of Kohlberg's Levels of Moral Reasoning suggests that people do what is right because they are following universal ethical principles
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The concept of the slippery slope implies people begin to develop as unethical people by doing things that are considered minor breaches of ethics
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Confucius said "to see what is right and not to do it is want of courage"
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Ethics is the study of what people in a culture consider right and worng
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According to Blaise Pascal, "men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when they do it from a religios conviction"
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The former president of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASDAQ) is now serving 150 years for fraud
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Milton Friedman is noted for saying "there is one and only one social responsibility of business - to use its resources to engage in activities designed to increase its profits"
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Ethics is a branch of philosophy involving the study of what people consider right and wrong behavior whereas morality is concerned with the performance of good ethics
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According to Winston Churchill, the price of greatness is responsiblity
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an OPPORTUNITY is defined as something the organization could buy or build to give it future competitive advantage
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WalMart is one of the most famous for implementing the differentiation strategy
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a STRENGTH is defined as something the organization does exceptionally well or something it has that gives it a sustainable competitive advantage
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Avon is a good example of the GLOBALIZATION strategy
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According to Plato, the beginning is the most important part of the work
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The flow of CASH into the business must be maintained during the planning and implementation of a new strategy
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COORDINATION refers to the procedures that link the various parts of an organization to achieve the organization's overall mission
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In a CENTRALIZED organization, decisions are made at the top with little or no input from below
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AUTHORITY means a person has the power and the right to make decisions, give orders, draw on resources and do whatever is necessary to fulfill the responsibility
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Very small organizations are NOT typically organized functionally
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The assignment of different tasks to different people or groups is called DIVISION OF LABOR
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An organization structure that is more informal and uses teamwork where managers work more like coaches than bosses is called ORGANIC
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One of the original reasons for creation of org charts was the introduction of the assembly like where workers stayed in one place so workers were unable to converse with other workers farther down the assembly like
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the MATRIX organization structure is a combination of the functional and divisional structures where some employees report to two superiors
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