Management Midterm – Flashcards
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What diefferentiated Rockefeller, Duke and Carnegie form their "laissez-faire" predecessors?
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They pursued profits and self interest above all else.
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Increased production plus the new need for systematizing workflow led engineers to...
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begin studying workflows and job content
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Some of the psychological and physical aspects of a job that impacted productivity which were ignored were...
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boredom and fatigue
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The scientific method involved finding _______ to perform a task.
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the one best way
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Taylor saw the value of matching the job to the...
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worker
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According to Taylor, division of work would result in all of the between management and workers except: interdependence, communication, cooperation, conflict, synergy
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interdependence
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Which of the following represents the philosophy of scientific management?
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Scientific management is a philosophy about the relationship between people and work
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Taylor and scientific management were (and still are) attacked as being inhumane and aimed only at...
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increasing output.
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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used motion picture films to eliminate....
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wasted motion.
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Lillian Gillbreth is popularly referred to as...
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the First Lady of Management.
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Henri Fayol identified all of the following as management principles, except... (division of work, unity of command, remuneration and centralization, informal authority, scalar chain)
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informal authority
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How did Fayol and Taylor differ in orientation in their theories?
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Taylor stressed management of operative work and Fayol emphasized management of labor.
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Establishment of minimum wages and requirement of time-and-a-half pay for hours worked over 40 in one week was a result of the ...
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Fair Labor Standards Act
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The ______ found that effective supervision made a significant impact on productivity and employee morale.
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Hawthorne studies
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Which of the following theories focuses on the management functions of planning, commanding, organizing, coordination, and control?
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Process approach
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The _____ approach to management provides a framework for visualizing internal and external environmental factors integrated as a whole.
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systems
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The _____ approach to management theorizes that different situations and conditions require different management approaches.
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contingency
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The process of deciding the most effective way to use an organizations's resources for production of goods and/or services is called...
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management.
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_________ management includes department heads and district sales managers.
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Middle
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_________ managers make sure that day-to-day operations run smoothly.
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Supervisory
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Senior managers make decisions about the company's....
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day-to-day problems
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A manager who sets a goal to increase profits by 5 percent is engaged in...
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planning
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Providing guidance and encouragement to the employees to better their performance at work is an example of....
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leading
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A grocery store manager who sets up a team of employees to restock shelves is....
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organizing
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_________ involves grouping and assigning activities and providing authority to employees.
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Organizing
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The middle managers spend most of their time between _____ and ______.
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leading, controlling.
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Most senior managers spend majority of their time....
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divided equally among the five management activities.
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_______ involves measuring performance against goals.
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Controlling
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Working to resolve conflicts is part of a manger's _____ role.
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decision-making
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Working to guide and motivate staff is an example of a ______ role.
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leader
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MAking an effort to initiate change is part of a manager's ______ role.
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entrepreneur
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Decision-making, planning and organizing activities require ______ skills.
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conceptual
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Some of the factors that could improve the quality of work life include all of the following except....
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work culture that compensates for the lack of a personal or social life.
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Interpersonal communication....
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involves sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages.
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Which of the following is not a cause of interpersonal communication failure?
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Active listening
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The phenomenon of _____ often distorts the intended message.
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selective perception
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Communications during which of the following periods usually results in low success?
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High emotion
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Which of the following is an example of strong writing?
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We plan to work closely with foreign partners.
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The grapevine always exists within the _____ organizational structure.
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formal
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In the decision process, the intelligence stage...
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involves searching the environment for conditions requiring a decision.
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According to the text, _____ is the process of choosing from among various alternatives.
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Decision making
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Which of the following statements about programmed decisions is true?
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They are constituted by routine, repetitive decisions.
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Approaches to decision making that attempt to use some type of deductive reasoning are referred to as _____ approaches.
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rational
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_____ means selecting the first alternative that meets the decision maker's minimum standard of satisfaction.
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Satisficing
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Group decisions are generally better when avoiding mistakes is more important than...
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speed.
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______ involves presenting a problem to a group of people and allowing them to present ideas for a solution to the problem.
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Brainstorming
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A(n) _____ is a document that outlines the principles of conduct to be used in making decisions within an organization.
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code of ethics
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What is the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
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To ensure that companies remain able to compete fairly.
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This 1914 act makes it illegal to charge different prices to different wholesale customers.
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Clayton Act
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Which among the following refers to ownership of ideas, such as inventions, books, movies, and computer programs.
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Intellectual property
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What is the advantage of sole proprietors compared to other kinds of businesses?
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They usually pay fewer taxes.
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Which of the following is an advantage of a corporation?
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They offer stockholders limited liability.
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A(n) _______ gives inventors and companies the exclusive right to make, use, and sell their inventions for 17 years.
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patent
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This is a word, name, or symbol, or slogan a business uses to identify its own goods and set them apart from others.
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Trademark
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How many years of validity do registered trademarks carry?
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10
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Which of the following is the protection provided to a creative work?
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Copyright
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An absolute advantage is best described as the ability to....
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produce more of a good than another producer with the same quantity of inputs.
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Producers should produce goods _____ and purchase other goods from others.
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they are most efficient at producing
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Managers must remember that business _____ have/has not yet become global.
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ethics
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The multinational firm must strike a balance among the ______ of all of its various publics.
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values
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Which of the following refers to the process of deciding what objectives to pursue during a future time period and what to do to achieve these objectives?
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Planning
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Celine, a fashion store manager, creates a written, documented plan developed through an identifiable process. It clearly outlines the growth trajectory for her firm for the next four quarters, and the steps to be taken to achieve the growth targets. Her plan can be referred to as....
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a formal plan.
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Which of the following time periods are likely to be covered by an intermediate plan?
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One to three years
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Tinsel Inc. runs a chain of drive-in theaters across the country. Its long range plan calls for an addition of 50 new facilities by the end of five years. Which plan should outline the necessary steps to be taken over the time span covering one to five years, in order to accomplish this objective?
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Intermediate plans
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What is analogous to top-level, long-range planning?
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Strategic planning
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Which of the following is short-range planning and concentrates on the formulation of functional plans?
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Operations planning.
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Anita discovers that the scheduled delivery of customized tables for a few of her clients will be delayed by a week, because the imported solid wood base has not yet arrived. Which of the following would help Anita prepare and resopnd to such a situation?
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Contingency planning
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In attempting to measure the efficiency of internal operations of her company, Janet realizes that an average employee assembles twelve consoles in an hour. What is Janet trying to ascertain in this example?
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Productivity
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When applying the SMART criteria, what deficiency do you notice with the following objective: "All records should be filed."?
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It is not specific
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Which of the following observations concerning MBO is incorrect?
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It is a philosophy based on converting personal objectives into organizational objectives.
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Policies....
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establish the boundaries within which organizational members must operate.
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The three most popular types of retrenchment strategies are...
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turnaround, divestiture, and liquidation.
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After reporting three years of continuous losses in its optical disc manufacturing division, Daytona Corporation planning to reverse the slide by infusing more capital into the division and adding more product lines. This corporate strategy can be best described as:
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a turnaround strategy.
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What is the basic purpose of a differentiation strategy?
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Gain brand loyalty and a resulting lower sensitivity to price.
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With a _____ business strategy, the firm serves a well-defined but narrow market better than competitors that serve a broader or less defined market.
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focus
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______ is the application of the basic planning process at the highest levels of the organization.
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Strategic management
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What are major phases of the strategic management process?
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Formulation, implementation, and evaluation
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Which major phase of the strategic management process involves identifying the mission, identifying the past and present strategies, diagnosing the organizations's past and present performance, and setting objectives for the company's operation?
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Formulation
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What constitutes the broadest and highest level of objectives for an organization?
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It's mission
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SWOT is an acronym for an organization's:
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Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
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______ occurs when individuals or groups work together to produce a whole greater than the sum of the parts.
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Synergism
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_______ defines the boundaries of the formal organization.
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The organization structure
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_______ division of labor can result in utilizing each worker's best skills.
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Horizantal
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______ division of labor is based on the establishment of line of authority.
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Vertical
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This refers to the number of different types of operations performed on the job.
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Job scope
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This can minimize the problems created by horizontal division of labor.
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job rotation
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Which among the following refers to the freedom of employees to plan and organize their own work?
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Job depth
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This is derived from the rights that come with a position in the organization.
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Authority
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_______ is accountability for the attainment of objectives, the use of resources, and the adherence to organizational policy.
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Responsibility
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For successful delegation managers must do all of the following except....
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delegate all tasks.
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Which among the following state that managers should concentrate their efforts on matter that deviate significantly from normal and let subordinates handle routine matters?
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Management by exception.
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Which among the following is employed when a great deal of authority is delegated to lower levels of management?
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Decentralization
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This stage of organization growth is characterized by the absence of formal policies, objectives, and structure.
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Craft stage
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During the ______ stage, the organization grows first at an increasing and then a decreasing rate.
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entrepreneurial
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In which stage does the organization become characterized by written policies, procedures, and plans?
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Professional manager
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Which among the following systems are characterized by less formal job descriptions and greater emphasis on adaptability?
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Organic systems
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Organic systems are characterized by...
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less fixed authority
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Microsoft, Nike, and Pixar are characterized by a(n) _______ system which helps them move swiftly into new and as yet untapped markets and product lines.
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organic
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In a Mechanistic organization...
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communication content is largely instructions and decisions issued by superiors.
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Which of the following best characterizes organic Organizations?
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Emphasis is on commitment to organizational goals and possession of needed expertise.
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Which approach to organization structure states that the most appropriate structure depends on many dynamic forces?
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Contingency
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Identify the type of departmentalization that occurs when organization units are defined by the nature of the work.
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Functional
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Under what type of departmentalization are all the activities needed to produce and market a product or services usually under a single manager?
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Product
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This departmentalization is most likely to occur in organizations that maintain autonomous operations or offices.
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Geographic
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ABC Inc. has one department dedicated to handle retail clients and one department to handle wholesale or industrial clients. Identify the type of departmentalization being followed by ABC Inc.
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Customer
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These functions are advisory and supportive in nature and contribute to the efficiency and maintenance of organization.
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Staff
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This form of organization structure in which individuals from different functional areas are assigned to work on a specific project or task.
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Matrix
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Which of the following is not likely to be an advantage of a matrix structure?
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It reinforces the principle of unity of command.
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A task force is an example of a ______ group.
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formal
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This group consist of a manager and all the employees he or she supervises. Also, the group's work is ongoing and not confined to one issue or product.
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Command
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Women executive forming an informal group to share ideas about issues that women in management face is an example of a(n) ______ group.
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interest
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The _____ concluded that informal organizations with their own social system exist within formal organizations.
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Hawthorne studies
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Identify the incorrect statement about norms.
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Norms govern every action in a group
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Which of the following statement about group cohesiveness is not correct?
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Outside pressures, such as conflicts with management, always decrease group cohesiveness.
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Group ______ is the degree of attraction among group members.
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cohesiveness
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What is the effect of outside pressures on group cohesiveness?
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It increases cohesiveness.
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Group conformity...
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is the degree to which group members accept and follow group norms.
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This is the dysfunctional syndrome that cohesive groups experience that causes the group to lose its critical evaluative capabilities
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Groupthink
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The process by which the formal work group develops an awareness an awareness of those conditions that keep it from functioning effectively and then requires the group to eliminate those conditions is known as...
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team building.
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According to the Hawthorne effect...
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when groups of employees are singled out for attention, the tend to work more efficiently.
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Team building....
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is the process of establishing a cohesive group that works together to achieve its goals.
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The first step for building productive team is...
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selecting individuals with the right skills and personality fit.
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In which of the following phases of team development do members of the team begin questioning the leadership and direction of the group.
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Storming
