Management Information Systems DSST – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What is a RFI?
answer
*Request for Information* - you think you know what you want but need more information from the vendors.
question
What is a RFQ?
answer
*Request for Quote* - you know what you want but need information on how vendors would meet your requirements and/or how much it will cost.
question
What is a RFP?
answer
*Request for Proposal* - you know you have a *problem but don't know how you want to solve it.* Has strict procurement rules for content, timeline and vendor responses.
question
Who came up with the *"Categorical Imperative"* that states, *"action not right for everyone is not right for anyone."*
answer
Immanuel Kant
question
What is M-commerce?
answer
*Mobile Commerce* - cell phones, PDA, etc., engage in *wireless ecommerce*
question
Total M-commerce sales in *2009*?
answer
$1.2 Billion
question
M-commerce sales are expected to reach *$23 Billion* by _____?
answer
2015
question
An example of an *auction site* that uses *C2C business* is?
answer
*EBAY* - no business services involved
question
In businesses where *consumers place bids for products and services,* they use which business model? (C2C, C2B, B2C, or B2B)
answer
Consumer to Business (C2B)
question
The *"Demand Collection Model"* is another name for?
answer
Consumer to Business (C2B)
question
What are the steps in *Systems Development?*
answer
*A*nalysis | *D*esign | *P*rogramming | *T*esting | *C*onversion |*I*mplementation | *P*roduction |*M*aintenance
question
What is the *first task* in Systems Analysis?
answer
feasibility study
question
In Systems development, the *Systems Design* is driven by_______ and _______?
answer
end-users, business priorities
question
What are the steps in the Testing Step of Systems Development?
answer
*Unit Testing* - checks each program *System Testing* - checks the system as a whole *Acceptance* - approve the system to go-live
question
In the *Conversion step* of Systems Development, what are the methods you can use?
answer
*P*arallel Strategy *P*ilot study *D*irect Cutover *P*hased Approach
question
Which Conversion method involves running the new system in *Parallel* with the old system?
answer
Parallel Strategy
question
What is one *major consideration* to keep in mind before you choose the Parallel Strategy Conversion method?
answer
*Expensive!* - you have to enter data into both systems.
question
Which step in the Systems Development process would you *fix any bugs* that were missed in the development process?
answer
Maintenance
question
What are the 2 essential things to do when introducing a New Informational System?
answer
*Documentation* - a technical and user guide *Training* - ensures system doesn't fail
question
What is SDLC?
answer
*System Development Life Cycle Approach* - a traditional methodology for developing an information system where the process is divided into formal steps that are taken in a particular sequence, with a rigid division of labor between end users and programmers.
question
The *WATERFALL* approach is another name for?
answer
*SDLC* - one way flow of activity, once one step is completed move to the next in one direction...like a waterfall.
question
What are the stages of SDLC?
answer
*P*lanning *A*nalysis *D*esign *I*mplementation *U*se
question
What are the disadvantages of SDLC?
answer
*Expensive* *Time-consuming* *Inflexible* - specifications are determined early on and too difficult to change later in the project.
question
What is another type of systems development, where the developers quickly and inexpensively build an *experimental system* for review by end users?
answer
Prototyping
question
What are the types of Prototyping?
answer
Evolutionary Requirements
question
Which Prototype is used when the *end user is unsure of their requirements*, so a prototype is used and then discarded and a new one is built once they figure out their requirements?
answer
Requirements prototype
question
When would you use the Evolutionary prototype?
answer
*Users know their requirements* and the prototype will be refined during the development process until the users are happy with it.
question
What's the advantage of the Prototype Systems Development Approach?
answer
- *User receives a working system much sooner* - *Encourages communication between user and programmers* - *Smoother implementation*
question
What are the drawbacks to using the Prototype Systems Development Approach?
answer
Lack of documention Unrealistic expectations
question
What is RAD?
answer
Rapid Application Development
question
Who developed the RAD System Development Approach and in what year?
answer
*James Martin in 1990* - process of quickly delivering a working system without sacrificing quality
question
What are the components of the RAD Systems Development Approach?
answer
- *Management* - *People* - *Methodologies* - *Tools* - primarily 4th generation languages and tools that transform documentation into working software
question
What is the *MAJOR* advantage of RAD Systems Development Approach vs. the SDLC Approach?
answer
The process *doesn't need to be carried out sequentially* or in the Waterfall manner like SDLC!
question
What is JAD?
answer
Joint Application Design
question
Who developed JAD and when?
answer
*Dan Gielan in 1970's* @ NY Telephone Company
question
What was different about the JAD Systems Development Approach?
answer
Involved the *end user along with the developers to design* the system.
question
A Systems Development Approach that *combines* SDLC, RAD and Prototyping elements into developing a new system is called?
answer
Phased Development
question
What are the stages of the *Phased Development Approach?*
answer
- *P*reliminary investigation - *A*nalysis - *D*esign - *P*reliminary construction - *F*inal construction - *S*ystem test and Installation
question
What stage of the Phased Development Approach is the *critical stage* where you discover problems, work out solutions, obtain user feedback?
answer
Preliminary investigation
question
A Systems Development approach that is *similar to traditional SDLC approach*, but is even more repetitive and incremental, is called?
answer
Object-Oriented System Development
question
In Object Oriented System Development Approach, the ______ is the *standard unit of development*, combining both data and actions.
answer
Object
question
Which Systems Development Approach is best suited for *fast-changing organizational environments and for Web applications?*
answer
Object Oriented System Development Approach
question
What is End User Computing/Development (EUC)?
answer
Development using 4th generation tools with virtually no aid from technical specialist
question
What are the advantages of EUC?
answer
Speedy construction High user satisfaction
question
What are the disadvantages of EUC?
answer
Lack of testing Lack of documentation
question
What is CASE?
answer
Computer Aided Software Engineering
question
Applications that automate some or all of the steps in the SDLC approach are called?
answer
CASE tools
question
When the CIO is considering *Outsourcing IT*, what are some of the advantages of doing this?
answer
- *Cost savings* (personnel, benefits, etc.) - *Don't have to maintain large IT staff* - *Flexibility* - use only when needed
question
What are the disadvantages of Outsourcing your IT Department?
answer
- *Perceived loss of control over information systems* - *Hidden costs* - *Monitoring* - to ensure services are performed and of quality according to contract
question
What is BPR?
answer
Business Process Redesign or Reengineering
question
What is the term used to describe the *reworking or overhaul of obsolete systems*, to improve efficiency, reduce paperwork, and cost savings.
answer
(BPR) Business Process Redesign or Reengineering
question
What are the different engineering processes utilized in BPR?
answer
- *R*everse Engineering - *R*estructuring Engineering - *C*omplete Reengineering / Forward Engineering
question
What does *Reverse Engineering* involve in the BPR process?
answer
The system is taken apart to see how system works
question
What does *Restructuring Engineering* involve in the BPR process?
answer
The process of *changing one system into another form while preserving the functionality of the original system.*
question
The process of *completely redesigning* a new system without preserving any original functionality in the BPR process is called?
answer
Complete Reengineering / Forward Engineering
question
Which of the Engineering processes in BPR follows the SDLC approach?
answer
Complete Reengineering / Forward Engineering
question
*Technical Quality* in the BPR process refers to?
answer
How well the system performs *technically*
question
*Functional quality* in the BPR process refers to?
answer
How well a system *does what it is supposed to do*
question
The BPR Process has a High Failure rate, why?
answer
Most companies *cannot manage the organizations changes needed for a successful redesign.*
question
Viruses are hard to alleviate, why?
answer
- They can *replicate* themselves and are easily *transmitted via email*
question
The differences between a Worm and a Virus is?
answer
*Worms* - cannot replicate
question
Trojan Horse viruses can replicate and spread via email. True or False?
answer
*False* - cannot replicate or spread via email
question
What are Ethics?
answer
Principles and beliefs to our actions and behaviors.
question
Ethics comes from the Greek word "ethos," which means ?
answer
character
question
What are the items to consider in dealing with Ethics issues?
answer
- *Accountability* - who is responsible - *Responsibility* - accepting the consequences - *Liability* - legal system on guilty process - *Due process* - legal action process- appeals process
question
What does Descartes *"Rule of Change,"* state?
answer
"action that is acceptable only if done once, but NOT if repeated again and again, is not right at all'
question
What are the Four Basic Information Rights?
answer
- *Privacy* - the right to be left alone - *Accuracy* - accuracy of information about someone - *Property* - Intellectual Property rights (Copyrights, patents, license agreements) - *Accessibility* - free access to details about us
question
The *1973 Fair Information Practices Act* was the cornerstone of the US Privacy Laws of?
answer
1974
question
Gramm-Leach Bliley Act of 1999 protects what?
answer
Privacy rights of consumers of Financial services.
question
European Union (EU) Privacy Laws about the collection of personal data state "personal data can only be collected _______?
answer
With user permission - (EU has very strict personal data laws)
question
*Cookies* automatically downloaded from certain websites serve what purpose?
answer
- Used to learn your shopping habits - Store acct numbers, passwords, etc.
question
Cookies are files left on your hard drive, that store personal information you have entered on their website? True or False?
answer
*True* - Store acct numbers, passwords, preferences you selected, etc.
question
What are Web Bugs?
answer
- *Invisible or clear GIFs* embedded in web page that monitors a person reading the web page. - how many people have visited the page
question
*Email Web Bugs* provide what information tracking?
answer
Has the email been read, if so when?
question
Define what the purpose of Information Systems is?
answer
A series of interconnect components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support managers decision making.
question
What are the Activities of an IS System?
answer
*I*nput *O*utput *F*eedback - (evaluation of the system)
question
What is CBIS?
answer
Computer Based Information System
question
Describe what CBIS does?
answer
Relies on computer hardware and software to distribute information
question
CBIS is a conceptual system. True or False?
answer
*TRUE!* It contains information that contains the physical system - tailored around physical resources - Information resources are not tangible
question
What is Information System Literacy
answer
Complete comprehension of the organizational, technical and management dimensions. A holistic approach!
question
Systems Analysts, database administrators, network administrators, programmers, & web masters, are ALL Information Specialists. True or False?
answer
True
question
True or False? *Information Resources include the following:* Hardware and software, Information specialist, End Users, Facilities, Database, Information
answer
True
question
What is Information Management?
answer
The process of collecting raw data, converting to useful info, disseminating it, deleting it and replacing it with more current relevant information.
question
The steps in Information Management are?
answer
- *Relevancy* - *Accuracy* - *Timeliness* - *Completeness* - get all info they need to complete task
question
What is CIO?
answer
Chief Information Officer
question
What is the CIO responsible for?
answer
All information resources and services Long term IT planning Leading the MIS Department Understanding the industry they are operating in Establishing lines of communication with management and business units
question
Who was the first person to develop concepts to be used in modern computers?
answer
Charles Babbage
question
Charles Babbage developed what device in 1834?
answer
Difference Engine (Calculator)
question
Charles Babbage developed the concepts of computer memory, programmable processors, an output devices, and user defined input? True or False
answer
True
question
This person contributed to math, computer science, and quantum mechanics. His architecture is still used in modern PCs today. Who is this person?
answer
Jon Von Neumann
question
Jon Von Neumann's architecture of his early machine featured a CPU with control unit, an ALU, connected to main memory systems and input/output all connected by a bundle of wires called a "bus." True or False?
answer
True
question
What was the first marketed computer in US in 1951?
answer
*UNIVAC I* - Remington Rand, setup in the US Census Bureau
question
*Early computers* - single task, single user. True or False?
answer
True
question
Who was the computer industry leader in *1950 and 1960's?*
answer
IBM
question
When were the Microcomputer / PC Personal Computer first introduced?
answer
1980's - 90's
question
Personal computer devices are designed for?
answer
Individual use - laptops, hand held, and tablets
question
What are the Hardware Components of a Computer?
answer
CPU Communications devices Input & output devices Primary (RAM) and Secondary storage (ROM)
question
What happens to information when it is *inputted* in a computer?
answer
It is converted into a string of binary digits (0 or 1) in order for the computer to process the information
question
What is the *smallest* data size in a computer?
answer
1 Bit = Binary Digit (0 or a 1)
question
How *bits* does it take to make a *byte?*
answer
8 Bits = 1 Byte
question
How many bytes are in 1 Kilobyte?
answer
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
question
How many Kilobytes are in a Megabyte?
answer
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
question
How many Megabytes in a Gigabyte?
answer
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
question
How many Gigabytes in a Terabyte?
answer
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
question
How many Terabytes in an Petabyte?
answer
1024 Terabytes= 1 Petabyte
question
What is WORD SIZE?
answer
The measure of the *number of bits that are moved after 1 cycle of the processor.*
question
A processor that is 64 bits can move how many bits of information with one clock cycle?
answer
64 bits
question
The *power* of a processor is determined by?
answer
Processor speed Word size
question
What is a *CISC* computer?
answer
Complex Instruction Set Computing
question
What is a *RISC* computer?
answer
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
question
In *1975*, an IBM researcher named ____, discovered that *20% of the instruction code did 80% of the work.*
answer
John Cocke
question
*John Cocke's* discovery led to the development of ____ computers?
answer
RISC
question
What is *Moore's Law?*
answer
The power of computers doubles every 18 months
question
The founder of *Intel* Corporation was ________?
answer
Gordon Moore
question
In *1952*, *John Backus* of IBM developed?
answer
*FORTRAN* - (formula translator) - Allowed programming without having to rewire the computer. - Used a compiler
question
In *1972*, *Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kerningham* developed?
answer
*C - Programming Language* - allowed source code to be *reused* after being recompiled
question
There are 2 categories of computer software:
answer
*S*ystem Software *A*pplication Software
question
What is System Software?
answer
*Programs to manage the computer's hardware resources.* - Windows 95, Windows 8, OS 10, LINUX, etc.
question
What is Application Software?
answer
*Programs coded to execute the requirements of the end user.* - Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc.
question
Fourth-Generation Programming Languages can be used by less skilled programmers because ______?
answer
- *Made up of software tools instead of languages.* - *Examples:* PowerBuilder, FrontPage, Visual Basic
question
What is PBX?
answer
Private Branch Exchange - "the switchboard."
question
What does a PBX do?
answer
- *C*onnects internal phone system to the PSTN. ------ *M*akes connections for the internal telephone network
question
What does BPS measure?
answer
The measure of data that can be transferred by a telecommunications channel.
question
How is Bandwidth Calculated?
answer
By calculating the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that can be accepted on a single channel
question
What are the parts to Communications Processors?
answer
*F*ront-end processor *C*oncentrator *C*ontroller *M*ultiplexer
question
What does the *Front-End Processor* do?
answer
*Manage:* - *Communications* for the host computer on the network - *Errors* (editing, routing, signal errors) - *Speed and Signal Conversion*
question
What does the *Concentrator* do?
answer
Gathers and temporarily stores communications from terminals and transmits them in batches to the host computer.
question
What does the *Controller* do?
answer
Manages communications traffic between the PBX and peripheral devices.
question
What does the *Multiplexer* do?
answer
Allows *a single communications channel* to carry data transmissions from *many sources at the same time.*
question
What is a MAC Address?
answer
A series of numbers assigned by the manufacturer to a NIC. -----*Cannot be changed.*
question
The 3 most common network Topologies are?
answer
*S*tar *B*us *R*ing
question
Describe a *Star* network topology?
answer
All network devices are connected to a hub or switch ---- *all processes pass through the hub or switch*
question
Describe a *BUS* network topology?
answer
All devices are *linked by single circuit*, and all communication is shared. The network can only handle one message at a time.
question
Describe a *RING* network topology?
answer
It is a *closed communication loop* with all devices connected. Data is transmitted in a circle, in a single direction - Token Ring is most popular RING and uses a Peer-to-peer Protocol that places a logical token that is passed between computers. The computer that has the token can transmit.
question
Token Ring Protocol was developed by?
answer
*IBM in 1985* - operates at 4 and 16 Mbps - IEEE standard *802.5*
question
A network device that receives a data packet from a computer or network device and copies that data packet to all other connected devices, is a definition of what device?
answer
HUB
question
What is the difference between a Hub and a Switch?
answer
*Switch* - is intelligent enough to check the packets destination and forward it to the right computer/device.
question
What device works at the network level and uses various protocols to connect networks by assembling bits into packets for forwarding and directing traffic by use of the IP addresses. *HINT:* There are lots of these devices in the Internet backbone.
answer
Router
question
IEEE 802.11a,b, g, N protocols establishes standards for what?
answer
WLANs
question
What is Wi-Fi?
answer
Wireless Fidelity
question
What is a Spoof Site?
answer
A website that looks similar to a large corporation or bank - attempt to obtain your login password information
question
What is IDS?
answer
Intrusion Detection System
question
What does IDS do?
answer
Hardware and software that *continuously monitors* network traffic for attempts to breach network security - *Example:* virus software
question
What are 3 High Speed Transmission Services?
answer
*ISDN* - Integrated Services Digital Network *DSL* - Digital Subscriber Line *Broadband*
question
What are the benefits of Telecommunications?
answer
*Ecommerce* (B2B & B2C) *Improved communication* *Increased sales* *Improved customer service*
question
What is EDI?
answer
Electronic Data Interchange
question
What does EDI do?
answer
Standardizes invoicing and purchasing transactions between two organizations. - critical technology for ecommerce applications
question
What is IT Infrastructure?
answer
All computer hardware, software, storage devices, communication devices, network technologies, that are shared throughout the organization.
question
What's the function of IT Infrastructure?
answer
Forms the base upon which information systems programs can be implemented.
question
What is TPS?
answer
Transaction Processing Systems
question
What does TPS do?
answer
Capture information and updates quickly - *Example:* scanner based POS registers, ATM, and airline reservation applications.
question
Name of the 2 TPS systems?
answer
*EDP* - Electronic Data Processing systems *AIS* - Accounting Information Systems
question
What networking protocol was developed as an alternative to TCP/IP?
answer
*OSI* - Open Systems Interconnect - developed by the ISO
question
What is SSH?
answer
*Secure Shell Protocol* - provides secure network services over an insecure network
question
What is ATM?
answer
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
question
Describe ATM?
answer
Protocol that uses *small packets* (53 bytes each, faster than TCP/IP), uses *high speed transmission lines* and routers to maximize network efficiency. - Uses *Start and Stop bits*
question
Describe Synchronous Protocol?
answer
Transmits data at a *fixed rate agreed by sender and receiver.* Sends each byte at the rate agreed upon, uses a transmitter clock to time information.
question
What are Web Services - "Plug and Play Architecture"?
answer
Software delivered via the web, without the need for translations.
question
What are the 3 Tiers of Web Services Plug & Play Architecture?
answer
*S*tandards & Protocols *S*ervice Grid *A*pplication Services
question
What's the purpose of Standards & Protocols in web services Plug & Play Architecture?
answer
*Enable seamless communication between applications.* *XML* - eXtensible Markup Language *SOAP* - Simple Objects Access Protocol *WSDL* - Web Services Description Language *UDDI* - Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
question
What's the purpose of the *Service Grid* in web services Plug & Play Architecture?
answer
*Forms the vital environment necessary to enable the execution of business activities.* - shared utilities, billing and payment systems and security.
question
What's the purpose of the *Application Services* in web services Plug & Play Architecture?
answer
*Business applications like credit card processing and production scheduling.*
question
What is the *Primary storage* in a computer?
answer
*RAM* - Used to temporarily store program requests and data used to execute those requests. - *Volatile Memory* - deleted when power is switched off
question
What is *Secondary storage* in a computer?
answer
*ROM* - Retains data on CD Rom, Tape, Magnetic Disks, etc. - *Nonvolatile Memory* - Retains the data with power off
question
What is DBMS?
answer
Database Management System
question
What does DBMS do?
answer
Software that allows *organizational access* to central data, *manage it* and *operates as the interface* between application programs and data files.
question
What are the components of a DBMS?
answer
*DDL* - Data Definition Language *DML* - Data Manipulation Language *Data Dictionary*
question
What does the *DDL* do in the DBMS?
answer
Determines individual elements as it appears in the database
question
What does the *DML* do in the DBMS?
answer
Language (SQL, etc.) used by the end user and programmers to manipulate the data.
question
What does the *Data Dictionary* do in the DBMS?
answer
*Contains the following information:* • Logical structure of database • Schemas, mappings and constraints • Users of DBMS and their access rights. • Record types, data item types, and data aggregates in the database. • Physical database design, such as storage structures, access paths
question
What is SQL?
answer
*Structured Query Language* - most well-known DML - commands can be embedded in application programs written in C or COBOL
question
Give some examples of SQL Commands?
answer
*SELECT* - gets data from a table *FROM* - what table to retrieve data from JOIN - collates data from 2 or more tables *WHERE* - conditions that need to be met, example: "%A" ORDER BY - sorts data in the table CREATE TABLE - creates a new table ALTER TABLE - alters the table DROP TABLE - deletes the specified table CREATE INDEX - creates search key index UPDATE - change data in a pre-existing table DELETE - removes data in a table INSERT INTO - puts new data into a pre-existing table LIKE - matches a pattern.
question
What are the SQL Statements used to retrieve data from a table?
answer
*SELECT* - columns from the table where you want to retrieve data *FROM* - table *WHERE* - conditions for selection of particular record Example: SELECT Customers.FirstName, Customers.LastName, Products.Name FROM Customers, Products, Orders WHERE Customer.Cust_ID = Orders.Cust_ID AND Products.Part_No = Orders.Part_No
question
The SQL Wildcard "*" means what?
answer
ALL Records
question
The SQL Wildcard "%" means what?
answer
"%" = zero or more characters
question
What are the 6 types of Modern Databases?
answer
*R*elational DBMS *H*ierarchical DBMS *N*etwork DBMS *O*bjects *O*riented OODBMS *O*bject *R*elational DBMS *D*istributed Database
question
Describe the Relational DBMS?
answer
Data in one table can be related to data in another table *Data is stored in flat tables (2-dimensional)*
question
What is *Normalization*?
answer
A process for *eliminating redundant data fields and many-to-many relationships* in the database.
question
Describe the *Hierarchical DBMS*?
answer
*Tree-like* records structure that is divided into segments - each parent can have many children but *the children can only have one parent* - *Rarely used* - *inflexible, cannot accept English like queries, no ad hoc queries*
question
Describe the *Network DBMS*?
answer
*Many to many* - each parent and each child can have many parents - *Rarely used* - *inflexible, cannot accept English like queries, no ad hoc queries*
question
Describe the *OODBMS*?
answer
Can manage a variety of multimedia components and very useful for *web applications.*
question
Describe the *Object Relational DBMS*?
answer
*Hybrid* - has elements of OODBMS and Relational DBMS
question
Describe the *Distributed Database*?
answer
Database is *stored in more than one physical location* (cloning or partitioning) *Advantages:* Reduce the possibility of data destruction, can operate on cheaper hardware, and serve local users well. *Disadvantages:* security issues, reliance on telecomm lines
question
What is *OLAP*?
answer
*Online Analytical Processing* - describes the *functionality for spectral manipulation and analysis of huge volumes of complex data*
question
What is a *Data Mart*?
answer
This is a smaller database that is *extracted from a Data Warehouse.* - contains data that describes *only a segment of the company's operations*, ie: sales department
question
What is a *Date Warehouse*?
answer
A *subset database* of current and historical data, with *reporting and query tools* for performing managerial analysis and assessment.
question
What is *ETL*?
answer
*Extraction, Transformation, Loading* - Process of *cleaning up and moving data into the data warehouse.*
question
What is *Data Mining*?
answer
*Techniques used to analyze large volumes of data with the purpose of discovering hidden trends, and relationships.* -*Example:* when beer is purchased, so are peanuts.
question
What are the 3 tools used in Data Mining?
answer
*N*eural networks *F*uzzy logic *G*enetic algorithms
question
What is the *Neural networks* tool in Data Mining?
answer
*Tries to copy the processing functions of a biological brain.* - cannot replace human decision making
question
What is the *Fuzzy logic* tool in Data Mining?
answer
A *rule-based* intelligent technique that infers knowledge similar to *"if and then rules."*
question
What is the *Genetic Algorithms* tool in Data Mining?
answer
Solve problems by *best possible combinations* called *"adaptive computing."*
question
What are *Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems* (hybrid AI)?
answer
Used in Japan where home appliances are integrated with this technology
question
What is *Metadata*?
answer
*"data about data"*---- Tells where data is in the data warehouse. ----*Example:* Library catalog, author, title, publication, subject, etc)
question
What is a *DBA*, and what do they do?
answer
*Database Administrator* - IT specialist who oversees the development, planning, implementation, operation and security of databases, manages all database activities, management and technical skills
question
Who developed the "Systems Theory?"
answer
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
question
What did Ludwig von Bertalanffy's "Systems Theory" state?
answer
*Problems cannot be solved in isolation*, holistic view. *Interrelated concepts and components* *Problems are not always wrong, maybe just need improvement* *Advantages* - Considers the environmental impact and the needs of the subsystem *Disadvantage* - inability to deal with many variables and the perception that functional integration and harmony are not always possible
question
Define what a *System* is?
answer
A group of related components that work together in a specific environment to execute the required functions to achieve a goal
question
Define what a *Sub-System* is?
answer
separate but inter-connected systems creating a complete system
question
Define what a *Super System* is?
answer
two or more Systems
question
Define what *System Analysis* means?
answer
in-depth study of a problem
question
Define what a *Entropy* is?
answer
The *measure of disorder* in a system - any system has a tendency for disorder
question
*Internal Elements* are what?
answer
Internal environment (data entry)
question
*External Elements* are what?
answer
Tax law changes
question
What is *Permeability of Boundary*?
answer
The *rate at which data is permitted to flow from one system to another.*
question
A *Permeable* boundary results in what type of system?
answer
Open system
question
A *Impermeable* boundary results in what type of system?
answer
Closed system (no external connection)
question
What are *Data Flow Diagrams* and what are they used for?
answer
Displays processes, external entities, files, data flows, and control flows - *Used to analyze and design systems.*
question
What are *Capital Budget Models* and what are they used for?
answer
*Measure cash inflow and outflow * - *Examples:* Payback Method, (ROI), Cost Benefit Ratio, (NPV), Profitability Index, (IRR) *Limitation:* only measure tangible benefits
question
What is a *Portfolio Analysis*?
answer
Comparisons between competing systems to determine *pros and cons.*
question
What are *Scoring Models*?
answer
Operate on a *ratings system based on goals.*
question
What is a *Real Pricing Option*?
answer
Bases its evaluation on *options valuations* for uncertain systems projects
question
What are the *Global Organizational Information Systems*?
answer
- *Domestic Exporter* - centralizes corporate activities in home country - *Multinational* - concentrates financial management in the home country, production, sales, and distribution, are handled in other countries. - *Franchiser* - production, creation, and financial resources in the home country - rely on overseas workers to manufacture, market and HR (Starbucks and McDonalds) - *Transnational* - behaves as though there are no boundaries, no headquarters, operations are globally managed
question
What are the *Information System Levels*?
answer
*Individual System* - single user software/hardware *Work group* - group of computers connected & designed to communicate with one another *Enterprise (EIS)* - Unites information from all the other different systems in to the organization. *Inter-organizational (IOS)* - allows the flow of information to be automated between 2 or more organizations in order to reach a desired supply-chain management system. ---Enables the development of competitive organizations. ---Supports forecasting client needs and the delivery of products and services. ---Better manage buyer-supplier relationships.
question
What is *Groupware*?
answer
Software that supplies functionality and services to workgroups.
question
What is *GDSS*?
answer
*Group Decision Support Systems* - Groupware that assists managers in solving problems because their collaboration should speed up the process ---Shared document control, Scheduling, Project management, Video conferencing, Instant messaging ---Provides functionality for operating a collaborative work environment within an intranet
question
What is *ERP*?
answer
*Enterprise Resource Planning* - integrated and coordinated with data from all business areas ---Standardized data ---Assists managers in planning ---High cost ---Long implementation
question
What is an *Inter-Organizational* System?
answer
*System operates outside of the firms boundaries and connects a company to its customers, suppliers and business partners - internet companies only * • Provides ability to sell products, they do not produce. • Creates a "Value system or web" - add competitive edge
question
What is *BPI*?
answer
*Business Process Integration* - interaction between business process and data model.
question
What is *MSS*?
answer
Management Support System
question
What is *Collaborative Commerce*?
answer
The cooperative leveraging of digital technology by two or more companies to create, design, develop and manage their products and services
question
What is *CPFR*?
answer
*Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment* - forecasting is the toughest element in supply chain management - companies must work together to prevent the bullwhip effect
question
*ESS* systems operate on which Systems Level? A.) Strategic Level B.) Management Level C.) Knowledge Level D.) Operational Level
answer
Strategic Level
question
*DSS* systems operate on which Systems Level? A.) Strategic Level B.) Management Level C.) Knowledge Level D.) Operational Level
answer
Management Level
question
*MIS* systems operate on which Systems Level? A.) Strategic Level B.) Management Level C.) Knowledge Level D.) Operational Level
answer
Management Level
question
*KWS* systems operate on which Systems Level? A.) Strategic Level B.) Management Level C.) Knowledge Level D.) Operational Level
answer
Knowledge Level
question
*OAS* systems operate on which Systems Level? A.) Strategic Level B.) Management Level C.) Knowledge Level D.) Operational Level
answer
Knowledge Level
question
*TPS* systems operate on which Systems Level? A.) Strategic Level B.) Management Level C.) Knowledge Level D.) Operational Level
answer
Operational Level
question
*TPS* systems serve which of the following? A.) Operative Workers B.) Knowledge/Data Workers C.) Middle Managers D.) Senior Managers/Executives
answer
Operative Workers
question
*DSS* systems serve which of the following? A.) Operative Workers B.) Knowledge/Data Workers C.) Middle Managers D.) Senior Managers/Executives
answer
Middle Managers
question
*OAS* systems serve which of the following? A.) Operative Workers B.) Knowledge/Data Workers C.) Middle Managers D.) Senior Managers/Executives
answer
Knowledge/Data Workers
question
*ESS* systems serve which of the following? A.) Operative Workers B.) Knowledge/Data Workers C.) Middle Managers D.) Senior Managers/Executives
answer
Senior Managers/Executives
question
*KWS* systems serve which of the following? A.) Operative Workers B.) Knowledge/Data Workers C.) Middle Managers D.) Senior Managers/Executives
answer
Knowledge/Data Workers
question
*MIS* systems serve which of the following? A.) Operative Workers B.) Knowledge/Data Workers C.) Middle Managers D.) Senior Managers/Executives
answer
Middle Managers
question
5 year sales trends, 5 year budgeting, profit planning, personnel planning, are examples of information for which *Type of System?* A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
ESS
question
Spreadsheets, word processing, document imaging, electronic calendaring, are examples of information for which *Type of System?* A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
OAS
question
Sales region analysis, production scheduling, cost analysis, profit/pricing analysis, contract cost analysis, are examples of information for which *Type of System?* A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
DSS
question
Order tracking, machine control, material movement, cash management, payroll, accounts payable/receivables, training, employee records, are examples of information for which *Type of System?* A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
TPS
question
Graphics workstations, engineering workstations, managerial workstations, are examples of information for which *Type of System?* A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
KWS
question
Sales management, inventory control, annual budgeting, capital investment analysis, relocation analysis, are examples of information for which *Type of System?* A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
MIS
question
Which Type of System ties the CEO to all levels, has graphic summary reports designed for the person and requires a lot of support staff to maintain? A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
ESS
question
Which Type of System deals with high volume data input, summary outputs, and focusses internally on the business managerial level? A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
MIS
question
Which Type of System deals with low volume data input, can have sophisticated modeling, and in recent years has added artificial intelligence? A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
DSS
question
Which Type of System are designed to enhance productivity by delivering task specific information? A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
KWS
question
Which Type of System are designed to improve productivity of the office staff? A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
OAS
question
Which Type of System is the main source of information input, daily transactions, order processing, airline ticketing? A.) ESS B.) MIS C.) DSS D.) KWS E.) OAS F.) TPS
answer
TPS
question
What is an *Expert System*?
answer
*"knowledge based system"* - software designed to simulate the problem solving process of human expert and provide a solution. ---Leads you through a series of questions and tries to troubleshoot the problem for you.
question
What are the *Key Management Systems in a Digital Firm*?
answer
*SCMS* - Supply Chain Management Systems *CRM* - Customer Relationship Management Systems *Enterprise Systems* *KMS* - Knowledge Management Systems
question
What does the *SCMS* do?
answer
Manages relationship between company and suppliers, forward and backward deliveries
question
What is the *Bullwhip Effect*?
answer
When information regarding a product demand gets distorted, a ripple effect results in larger than anticipated change in product demand.
question
What is *SCP* in a SCMS?
answer
*Supply Chain Planning* - allows company to forecast demand, source materials, and plan for the manufacture of the product.
question
What is *SCE* in a SCMS?
answer
*Supply Chain Execution* - controls efficient flow of products from distribution centers and warehouses to the delivery destinations.
question
What is *CRM*?
answer
*Customer Relationship Management* - accumulates customer data over 5-10 years to track purchases
question
What is *KMS*?
answer
*Knowledge Management Systems* - allows organizations to leverage the intangible "knowledge" from prior events to assist with decision making. • *Training* - Most valuable tool in KMS
question
What's the purpose of Management Information Systems?
answer
- *combines the technical and behavioral approaches of IS* to focus on their use in management and business while developing practical solutions that are faced in managing, implementing and using these technologies.
question
*Knowledge Management* is simply?
answer
Management of a company's information resources.
question
What is *Batch Processing*?
answer
Processes are stored and then executed later.
question
How does *Online Processing* work?
answer
Processes are executed instantly once data is entered.
question
What is *Distributed* Processing?
answer
Processing workload is spread out across multiple computers.
question
Program instructions written in a high-level programming language that must be converted into machine language by a compiler in order for the computer to understand and execute the program, is a definition of?
answer
Source Code
question
*Sun Microsystems* developed what?
answer
JAVA - Can run on ANY OS.
question
What is a *VPN*?
answer
*Virtual Private Network* - Secure communications channel over the Internet via tunneling.
question
In *1972, the Department of Defense* developed what widely used protocol?
answer
*TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol* - ---*TCP*, manages the breaking up of a file into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that re-assembles the packets into the original file. ---*IP*, handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination.
question
What is the computer *BIOS*?
answer
*Basic Input Output System* - Enables the processor to interact with all the input/output devices ---stored in ROM
question
What is *MICR*?
answer
*Magnetic Ink Character Recognition* - special magnetic ink typeface that can be read accurately by a computer. • Developed primarily for banking
question
What is *Parallel Processing*?
answer
Using *2 or more processors in one computer.* Each processor can work on a separate portion of the same job at the same time.
question
What is a Workstation?
answer
PC connected to a network
question
What are *Data Types* the computer deals with?
answer
*Characters* - text *Boolean* - True/False *Floating Point Numbers* - decimals *Integers* - whole numbers
question
Fully functional software that is *free* to use for an unlimited time is called?
answer
Freeware
question
Software that is downloaded for free, but is *time limited, or has limited functionality* until the user *purchases* a license is called?
answer
Shareware
question
A person who tries to gain *unauthorized access* to a computer network is called a?
answer
Hacker
question
What is the *User Interface*?
answer
The place where humans interact with the computer.
question
The speed of a T1 Line is?
answer
1.544Mbps
question
*28 - T1 lines* are combined to make a ____ Line that can reach speeds up to 43Mbps?
answer
T3
question
What is a *LAN*?
answer
*Local Area Network* - group of computers, printers, scanners, etc., all connected via a medium (usually copper cable but can be fiber optic, or wireless) *• Covers area less than ½ mile*
question
What is a *MAN*?
answer
*Metropolitan Area Network* - covers area up to *30 miles.* • Does *NOT* use PSTN lines.
question
What is a *WAN*?
answer
*Wide Area Network* - exceeds distance of MAN, and uses PSTN lines. *• Have been replaced with Internet and VPN's*
question
What is *Ethernet Protocol*?
answer
Open peer-to-peer protocol developed by *Xerox.* - Computers check to see if data is being transmitted by other computers before it sends data.
question
What is an *Extranet*?
answer
An *Intranet* that is expanded beyond the boundaries of an organization to give external users access.
question
What is a *NIC*?
answer
*Network Interface Card* - a communication controller that is required by a computer to connect to a network. *• Translates the computer data to the protocol used by the network.*
question
What is the Database Hierarchy (smallest to largest)?
answer
Bit, Byte, Field, Record, File, Database
question
True or False? Initially IT was *centralized* within IT Units of a company.
answer
*True* - Computers were large and very few people had them
question
When did companies began to *decentralize IT resources* and assign them to smaller business units?
answer
1980's
question
*When did* companies begin giving IS departments the authority over IT infrastructure, and the business units given authority over the use of the IT resources in their areas?
answer
1990's
question
A set of *statements* about the ethical values the business desires to uphold is a?
answer
Corporate Credo
question
In *1947, The Association for Computing Machinery*, developed *two* codes of ethics. What were they?
answer
- The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct - Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice
