question

global organization

answer

an organization that operates and competes in more than one country

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global enviornment

answer

set of global forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization's boundries but affect a manager's ability to acquire and utilize resources

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task enviornment

answer

set of forces and conditions that originate with suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors and affect an organization's ability to obtain inputs and dispose of its outputs because they influence managers daily

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suppliers

answer

the individuals and organizations that provide an organization with the input resources it needs to produce goods and services

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global outsourcing

answer

the purchase or production of inputs or final products from oversease suppliers to lower costs and improve quality or design

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distributors

answer

organizations that help other organizations sell their goods or services to customers

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customers

answer

individuals and groups that buy the goods and services an organization produces

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competitors

answer

organizations that produce goods and services that are similar to a particular organization's goods and services

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potential competitors

answer

organizations that presently are not in a task enviornment but could enter if they so choose

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barriers to entry

answer

factors that make it difficult and costly for an organization to enter a particular task environment or industry

question

economics of scale

answer

cost advantages associated with large operations

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brand loyalty

answer

customer's preferences for the products of organizations currently existing in the task environment

question

economic forces

answer

interest rates, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and other factors that affect the general health and well-being of a nation or the regional economy of an organization

question

technology

answer

the combination of skills and equipment that managers use in designing, producing, and distributing goods and services

question

technological forces

answer

outcome of changes in the technology managers use to design, produce, or distribute goods and services

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sociocultural forces

answer

pressures emanating from the social structure of a country or society or form the national culture

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social structure

answer

the traditional system of relationships established between people and groups in a society

question

national culture

answer

the set of values that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society

question

demographic forces

answer

outcomes of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the chracteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic, origin, race, sexual orientation, and social class

question

political and legal forces

answer

outcomes of changes in laws and regulations, such as deregulation of industries, privatization of organizations, and increased emphasis on environmental protection

question

globalization

answer

the set of specific and general forces that work together to intergrate and connect economic, political, and social systems across countries, cultures, or geographical regions so that nations become increasingly interdependent and similar

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tariff

answer

a tax that a government imposes on imported or, occasionally, exported goods

question

free-trade doctrine

answer

the idea that if each country specializes in the production of the goods and services that it can produce most efficiently, this will make the best use of global resources

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values

answer

ideas about what a society believes to be good, right, desirable, or beautiful

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norms

answer

unwritten informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization

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mores

answer

norms that are considered to be central to the functioning of society and to social life

question

folkways

answer

the routine social conventions of everyday life

question

individualsm

answer

a worldview that values individual freedom and self-expression and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their individual achievements rather than by their social background

question

collectivism

answer

a world view that values subordination of the individuals to the goals of the group and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to the group

question

power distance

answer

the degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in the power and well-being of their citizens are due to the differences in individuals' physical and intellectual capabilities and heritage

question

achievement orientation

answer

a worldview that values assertiveness, performance, success, and competition

question

nurting orientation

answer

a worldview that values the quality of life, warm personal friendships, and services and care for the weak

question

uncertain avodiance

answer

the degree to which societies are willing to tolerate uncertainty and risk

question

long-term orientation

answer

worldview that values thrift and persistence in achieving goals

question

short-term orientation

answer

worldwide view that values personel stability or happiness and living for the present

question

organization

answer

collection of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety of goals or desired future outcomes

question

management

answer

the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively

question

organizational performance

answer

measure of how efficiently and effectively a manager uses resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals

question

efficiency

answer

a measure of how well of how productivetly resources are used to achieve a goal

question

effectiveness

answer

a measure of the appropiateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and the degree to which the organization achieves those goals

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planning

answer

identifying and selecting appropiate goals; one of the four principal tasks of management

question

strategy

answer

a cluster of decisions about what goals to pursue, what actoins to take, and how to use resources to achieve goals

question

organizing

answer

structuring working relationships so organizational members work together to achieve organizational goals.

question

organizational structure

answer

a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so they work together to achieve goals

question

leading

answer

articulating a clear vision and energizing and enabling organizational members so they understand the part they play in achieving organizational goals

question

controlling

answer

evaluating how well an organizatoin is achieveing its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance

question

department

answer

a group of people who work together and possess similar skills or use the same knowledge, tools, or techniques to perform their jobs

question

first-line manager

answer

a manager who is resonsible for the daily supervision of nonmanagerial employees

question

middle manager

answer

a manager who supervises first-line managers and is responsible for finding the best way to use resources to achieve organizational goals

question

top manager

answer

a manager who establishes organizational goals, decides how departments should interact, and monitors the performance of middle managers

question

top management team

answer

a group composed of the CEO, the COO, and the vice presidents of the most important departments of a company

question

conceptual skills

answer

the ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect

question

human skills

answer

the ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups

question

technical skills

answer

the job-specific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organizational role

question

core competency

answer

the specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, and experience that allows one organization to outperform another

question

restructuring

answer

downsizing an organization by eliminating the jobs of large numbers of top, middle, and first-line managers and nonmanagerial employees

question

outscoring

answer

contracting with another company, usually abroad, to have it perform an activity the organization previously performed itself

question

empowerment

answer

the expansion of employees' knowledge, tasks, and decision making responsibilities

question

self-managed team

answer

group of employees who assume responsibility for organizing, controlling, and supervising their own activities and monitoring the quality of the goods and services they provide

question

global organization

answer

organizations that operate and compete in more than one country

question

competitive advantage

answer

the ability of one organization to outperform other organizations because it produces desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively than they do

question

innovation

answer

the process of creating new or improved goods and services or developing better ways to produce or provide them

question

turnaround management

answer

the creation of a new vision for a struggling company based on a new approach to planning and organizing to make better use of a company's resources and allow it to survive and prosper.

question

personality traits

answer

enduring tendencies to feel, think, and act in certain ways

question

extraversion

answer

the tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and to feel good about oneself and the rest of the world

question

negative affectivity

answer

the tendency to experience negative moods, to feel distressed, and to be critical of oneself and others

question

agreeableness

answer

the tendency to get along well with other people

question

concientiousness

answer

tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and preserving

question

openness to experience

answer

the tendency to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring, and take risks

question

internal locus of control

answer

the tendency to locate responsibility for one's fate within oneself

question

external locus of control

answer

the tendency to locate responsibility for one's fate and to believe one's own behavior has little impact on outcomes

question

self-esteem

answer

the degree to which individuals feel good about themselves and their capabilities

question

need for achievement

answer

the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence

question

need for affiliation

answer

the extent to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being like, and having other people get along

question

need for power

answer

the extent to which an individual desires to control or influence

question

terminal value

answer

a lifelong goal or objective that an individual seeks to achieve

question

instrumental value

answer

a mode of conduct that an individual seeks to follow

question

norms

answer

unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization

question

value system

answer

the terminal and instrumental values that are guiding principles in an individual's life

question

attitude

answer

a collection of feelings and beliefs

question

job satisfaction

answer

the collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their current jobs

question

organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)

answer

behaviors that are not required of organizational members but that contribute to and are necessary for organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and competitive advantage

question

organizational commitment

answer

the collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their organization as a whole

question

mood

answer

a feeling or state of mind

question

emotions

answer

intense relatively short-lived feelings

question

emotional intelligence

answer

the ability to understand and manage one's own moods and emotions and the moods and emotions of other people

question

organizational culture

answer

the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms, and work routines that influence how individuals, groups, and teams interact with one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals

question

attraction-selections attrittions (ASA) framework

answer

a model that explains how personality may influence organizational culture

question

organizational socialization

answer

the process by which newcomers learn an organization's values and norms and acquire the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs effectively

question

rite of passage

answer

learn and internalize norms and values

question

rite of intergration

answer

build common norms and values

question

rite of enhancement

answer

motivate commitment to norms and values

question

ethical dilemma

answer

the quandary people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person or group even though doing so might go against their own interest

question

stakeholders

answer

the people and groups that supply a company with its productive resources and so have a claim on and stake in the company

question

managers

answer

vital stakeholder group-responsible for using a company's financial, capital, and human resources to increase performance and thus stock price

question

employees

answer

expect to recieve rewards consistent with their performance. Another stakeholder group

question

supplies and dsitributors

answer

suppliers expect to be paid fairly and promptly for their inputs; distributors expect to recieve quality products on agreed-upon prices

question

customers

answer

the most important stakeholder

question

community, society, and nation

answer

physical locations like towns or cities or to social milieus like ethnic neighborhood in which companies are located.

question

utilitarian rule

answer

an ethical decision is a decision that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people

question

moral rights rule

answer

ethical decision that best maintains and protects the fundamental rights and privileges of the people affected by it

question

justice rule

answer

ethical decision that distributes benefits and harms among people and groups in a fair, equitable, or impartial way

question

reputation

answer

the high esteem or high repute that individuals or organizations gain when they behave ethically

question

societal ethics

answer

standards that govern how members of a society are to deal with each other on issues such as fairness, justice, poverty, and the rights of the individual

question

professional ethics

answer

standards that govern how members of a profession are to make decisions when the way they should behave is not clear-cut

question

individual ethics

answer

personal values and attitudes that govern how individuals interact with other people

question

ethics ombudsman

answer

an ethics officer who monitors an organization's practices and procedures to be sure thay are ethical

question

diversity

answer

differences among people in age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, and capabilties/disabilities

question

glass cieling

answer

a metaphor alluding to the invisivle barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions

question

figurehead

answer

convey that the effective management of diversity is a valued goal and objective

question

leader

answer

serve as role model and institute policies and procedures to ensure that diverse members are treated fairly

question

liason

answer

enable diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts and cooperate with one another

question

monitor

answer

evaluate the extent to which diverse employees are being treated fairly

question

disseminator

answer

inform employees about diversity policies and intiatives and the intolerance of discrimination

question

spokesperson

answer

support diversity initiatives in the wider community and speak to diverse groups to interest them in career oppertunities

question

entrepreneur

answer

commit recourses to develop new ways to effectively manage diversity and eliminate biases and discrimination

question

disturbance handler

answer

take quick action to correct inequalities and curtail discriminatory behavior

question

resource allocator

answer

allocate resources to support and encourage the effective management of diversity

question

negotiator

answer

work with organizations (suppliers) and groups (labor unions) to support and encourage the effective management of diversity

question

quid pro quo sexual harassment

answer

asking or forcing en employee to perform sexual favors in exchange for recieving some reward or avoiding negative consequences

question

hostile work environment sexual harassment

answer

telling lewd jokes, displaying porn, making sexually oriented remarks about someone's personal appearance, and other sex-related acitons that make the work environment unpleasant

Management 3013 Chapters 1-4 – Flashcards

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