LSU AIS – Flashcard
125 test answers
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Bit
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Smallest unit of data
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Byte
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8 bits
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field
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one item within a record
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Record
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set of related fields for the same entity
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File
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Entire set of related records
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Network
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2 or more computers linked together to share info
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Internet
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global computer network
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Intranet
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companies private network avail only to employees
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Extranet
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a private network that is also available to select outsiders
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LAN
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realitively small area, a couple of buildings or houses sharing a network
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Sequential Access
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files stored in sequence, one record after another
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Random Access
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not written or read in sequential order
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Indexed Sequential Access method
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stored sequentially but accessed randomly
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Data Warehouse
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integrated collection of enterprisewide data that includes 5-10 yrs of nonvolitle data
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Operational Database
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contains the data that are continually updated as transactions are processed
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Data Mining
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process of searching data within the data warehouse
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Batch processing
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requires all similar transactions to be processed all at one time
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Online Processing-Real Time
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all data entered when they occur
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Big Bang
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all at one time implementation
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Location wise
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specific loacation to implement
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modular implementation
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one module at a time implementation
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scalable
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System can grow with business
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Types of tier one software
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SAP, Oracle, Peoplesoft
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Types of tier two softwar
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Axcepta, MS dynamics
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MRP - Materials requirements planning
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an erp system that allowed plant managers to coordinate the planning of production and raw materials requirements
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qY2K compatiable
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Software that would continue to operate after 1999
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CRM - Customer relations management
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help businesses manage customer relationships in an organization
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SCM - Supply Chain Management
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management and control of all materials funds and related info in the logistics process
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ERP - Enterprise resourse planning
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multi modular software system that integrates all business processes and functions to the entire organization
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MRP II (Manufacturing resourse planning)
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System that focuses on the movementand use of resources needed by a manufacturing company
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XML
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Language for web documents
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XBRL
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financial reporting language
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Internet EDI
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transmits business info between companies
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Bricks and mortar
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traditional store
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E-tailers
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Online store
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Clicks and mortar
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Business started online and now has physical stores
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Bricks and Clicks
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Business that has went to online
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Domain Name
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Unique name that ids the internet site
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SSL - Secure Sockets Layering
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an encryption system in which the web server and the users browser exchanges data
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B2c
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business to consumer
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B2b
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Business to business
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Local ISP
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Connect individual users to the internet
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Web Server
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computer and hard drive space that stores webpage content and data
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HTML
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a hyper text markup language for the internet
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URL
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address you typ to reach a website
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TCP/IP
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Abbreviation for transmission control protocol and internet protocol
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Backbone provider
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organization which supplies access to highspeed transaction lines that make up the main network lines of the internet
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Backbone
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main trunk line
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Regional ISP
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connects to the backbone through lines that have less speed and capacity than the backbone
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E-commerce
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Electronically enabled transactions between businesses and customers
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Packet switching
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method used to send data over a computer network
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Router
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electronic hardwar device that provides a gateway between 2 or more networks
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Protocol
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standard data communications format that allows computers to exchange data
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Industrial espoinage
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competitors gaining access to company data in order to gain valuable information
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Central Processing/ Centralized DB
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data maintained in a central location
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Distributed Data Processing DDP
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data maintained throughout the organization
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Distributed Databases
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collection of small db on several different computers throughout the orgainization
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Drill down
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Successive expansion of data going form high to low
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Consolidation
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roll up data form low to high
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Pivoting
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rotating data is examined from different perspectives
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Time Series Analysis
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Id's trends over the time periods
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Exception Reports
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present variations from the current expectations
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What if Statements
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Potential variations in conditions
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Data Normalization
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7 rules and are additive, process of connecting data into tables
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High-impact process HiPs
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Process that must be executed correctly if the organization is to survive and thrive
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OLAP -Online analytical processing
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Allows for online data analysis
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Enterprise Risk management ERP
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Process effected by an entity's board of directors, managment team and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity and manage risk
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Information Technology
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computers, ancillary equipment, software, services and related resoures as applied to support business processes
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IT enablement
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using IT systems to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of internal or supply chain processes
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Vendor
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provides materials or operating supplies to an organization
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Internal controls
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set of procedures and policies adopted to safegard its assets, check accuracy and reliabilty of its data, promote operational efficientcy and encourage adhearance to prescribed managerial practices
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Legacy System
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Exsisting system in operation in an organization - Old Tech
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Data
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Set of facts collected form transactions
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Information
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Interpretations of data that has been processed
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Screen Scrapers (frontware)
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adds modern, user friendly screen interfaces to legacy systems
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EAI - Enterprise Application INtegration
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set of processes, software to integrate software systems
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General Controls
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applies overall to the IT accounting system
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Application Controls
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Specifically in accounting apps to control inputs, processing and outputs
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Corporate governance
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Elaborate system of checks and balances whereby a companies leadership is held accountable
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IT governance
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Ensures that the organizations processes align with its IT systems
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Source Document
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Record that captures the key data
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Turnaround Document
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output of the accounting systme can be used as an input into another
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Network DB
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More complex relationships built on an inverted tree
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Primary Key
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Unique identifier for each record in each table
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Structured Query Language SQL
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Language by joining tables in a Data base - used to query
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Flat file databases
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Data stored in 2D tables with rows and columns
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Hierarchal Database
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Defines relationships between records, by an inverted tree structure
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Record pointer
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a column value in the table that points to the next address with the linked pointer
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One to many
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one entity in the data is related to many
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One to one
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one entity in the data is only related to one other entity
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Many to many
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many entities are related to many others
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Clent server
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2 computers networked together to accoplish the application process
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Distributed presentation
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client pc manuplates data for presentation not process
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Distributed applications
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client pc participates in app processing but not data manipulations
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Entities
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Nouns that represent items in the acct system
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Attributes
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characteristics of the entity
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Cardinality
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How many instances of an entity relates to each instance of another entity - think relationships
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Document flowchart
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flow of documents among depts within an organization
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DFD - Data flow diagram
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shows the logical design of a system
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Entity Relationship Diagrams
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pictorial representation of the logical structure of a database
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Bar Code
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Printed code with vertical lines
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Process Maps
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Pictorial representation of business process in which the actual flow and sequence of events in a diagram form
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System Flow Chart
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intended to depict the entire system
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magnetic tape
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Storage medium that allows only a sequential type of storage
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Data redundacy
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Same data stored in more than one file
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Concurrance
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all of the multiple instances of the data are identical
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Database management system DBMS
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Software that manages the DB and controls access and use of the data
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General Ledger
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Details of entire set of accounts
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General Journal
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Original entry for any transaction
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Special journals
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record specific types of transactions
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Subsidary Journals
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maintain info regarding routine transactions
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E-business
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uses electornic means to enhance business processes
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Electronic Data Interchange EDI
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intercompany, computer to computer transfer of business documents in standard business format
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POS point of sale
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system of hardware and software that captures retail sales transactions as they occur
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Automated matching
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matches invoices to purchase orders as they happen
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Evaluated reciept Settlement ERS
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invoiceless system that matches purchase orders to goods recieved
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E-payables/ Electronic Invoice presentment payment
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Web-enabled reciept and payment of vendor invoices
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Database
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collection of data stored on a computer in a form that allows data to be easily accessed retrieved manipulated or stored
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Relational DB
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stores data in several small 2d tables that can be joined in many ways to represent different kinds of relationships
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master files
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permanent file maintains detailed data for each process
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transaction files
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set of temp records that update the master file
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