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used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group example: O Wild West Wind

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alliteration

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A brief reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea in history or literature; a kind of shorthand whereby the recalling of something outside the work supplies an emotional or intellectual context example: Some village Hampden that with dauntless breast The little tyrant of his fields withstood, Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest, Some Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood.

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allusion

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using balanced, opposite phrases in close conjuction example: "One small step for a man, one giant leap for all mankind." - Neil Armstrong

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antithesis

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when the speaker speaks directly to something nonhuman or to an absent person example: O Wild West Wind

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apostrophe

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the repetition of internal vowel sounds in nearby words that do not end the same example: "Asleep under a tree"

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assonance

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a pause in a line of poetry used to emphasize example: Or like stout Cortez, when with eagle eyes He stared at the Pacific—and all his men Look'd at each other with a wild surmise— Silent, upon a peak in Darien.

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caesura

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Associations and implications that go beyond the literal meaning of a word, which derive from how the word has been commonly used and the associations people make with it example: A dove implies peace or gentility. Home suggests family, comfort and security.

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connotation

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author's choice of words

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diction

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A mild word of phrase which substitutes for another which would be undesirable because it is too direct, unpleasant, or offensive example:"Each in his narrow cell [grave] for ever laid, The rude Forefathers of the hamlet sleep."

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euphemism

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overstatement or exaggeration for emphasis example: So let us melt, and make no noise, No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move, T'were profanation of our joys To tell the laity our love. - John Donne

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hyperbole

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A word or group of which appeal to one or more of the senses. The use of images serves to intensify the impact of the work

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imagery

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Understatement; A statement which lessens or minimizes the importance of what is meant example: After a day in the scorching desert: "It's a little warm today."

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litotes

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indirect comparison between two unrelated items example: "No man is an island"

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metaphor

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using a vaguely suggestive, physical object to embody a more general idea; using an object closely related to a general idea to stand for the object example: "the pen is mightier than the sword" pen = education and writing sword = aggression and military

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metonymy

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when the sound of a word echoes the sound it represents example: "the sinews snapped"

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onomatopoeia

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Refers to works whose formal characteristics are not rigidly predetermined but follow the movement of thought or emotion being expressed - freedom from rules

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organic

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a combination of contradictory terms - usually an adjective and a noun (usually only two words) example: Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate! O heavy lightness, serious vanity; Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!

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oxymoron

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a situation or a statement that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, does not example: "affliction is a treasure"

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paradox

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a repetition of sentences or phrases using the same structure - NOT a word for repetition example: When, for a moment, like a drop of rain, He [man] sinks into thy depths with bubbling groan, Without a grave, unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown

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parallelism

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giving human characteristics to something nonhuman example: "let not Ambition mock their useful toil, their homely joys, and destiny obscure"

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personification

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Using a word, phrase, or idea more than once for effect; note: for phrases it must be a word-for-word repeat, otherwise it could be parallelism example: "For, all day, the wheels are droning, turning,- Their wind comes in our faces,- Till our hearts turn, - our head, with pulses burning, And the walls turn in their places -"

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repetition

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the pattern of end rhymes. Rhyme schemes are mapped out by noting patterns of rhyme with small letters: the first rhyme sound is designated a, the second becomes b, the third c, and so on example: It runs through the reeds a And away it proceeds, a Through meadow and glade, b In sun and in shade. b

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rhyme scheme

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Direct Comparison that uses "like" or "as" to signal the comparison example: Then felt I like some watcher of the skies When a new planet swims into his ken; Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes He star'd at the Pacific -

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simile

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a person, object, image, word, or event that evokes a range of additional meaning beyond and usually more abstract than its literal significance example: heart = love dove = peace

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symbol

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when a part of an object represents the whole, or the whole of an object represents a part example: "All hands on deck!" meaning all sailors, not just their hands!

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synecdoche

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the ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns such as phrases, clauses, and sentences

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syntax

Literary Devices In Porphyria’s Lover – Flashcards

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