Listening to Music Emerson College
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Baroque
answer
1600-1750 Music becomes Worldly. Kings and Queens become interested. Elaborate and very organized. Bach comes to power. Mainly Organ music
question
Classical
answer
1750-1820 Mozart and Beethoven come to power
question
Melody
answer
Notes strung together to make a song (the main focused part)
question
Rhythm
answer
The pulse of the music
question
Consonance
answer
light, happier chords
question
Impressionism
answer
1890-1920 Debucy
question
Meter
answer
Patterns of beats
question
Orchestration
answer
The techniques of writing music for the full range of instruments in an orchestra. Used for marriages, political campaigns.
question
Form
answer
The musical architecture of the composition
question
4 Vocals
answer
Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass
question
4 Woodwinds
answer
Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon (others are included)
question
4 Brass
answer
Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba
question
3 Keyboards
answer
Harpsichord, Organ, Piano
question
Notation
answer
Writing Music Down
question
Movement
answer
A self-contained, independent section of a larger musical work.
question
Renaissance
answer
1400-1600 Waining of the power of the Catholic Church, Printing of music began in 1501
question
Style
answer
Indicates what time period music is played in
question
Monophonic
answer
Everyone singing at the same tone
question
Homophonic
answer
Different sections (Voices such as tenor, alto, etc) sing multiple melodies at the same tone
question
Polyphonic
answer
One singer accompanied by background instruments
question
Medieval Era
answer
Pre-1400 All Music was sung by male voices in churches
question
Romantic Era
answer
1820-1920 Music inspired by love. Music in dances, operas, plays, movies. The drama and emotion of love. What does love give you? Also coping with monsters, events, diseases, the Human Condition
question
20th Century Era
answer
1900-Present Cold war, WWI and II, modern events, and how they affected people to feel and do.
question
Tempo
answer
The Speed
question
Examples of Tempo
answer
Lento, Adagio, Adante, Moderato, Allegro, Presto
question
Dynamics
answer
The signs in the music to make the musicians play the way the directors want (Crescendo, Accent, Staccato, Decrescendo, etc.)
question
Phrase
answer
The smaller segments
question
Cadence
answer
The end of a phrase, coming to rest.
question
Pitch
answer
How high or low a sound is
question
Dissonance
answer
Dark, deeper, chords
question
Texture
answer
How much is going on in a room
question
Tonality
answer
Tuning
question
Major
answer
Happy music, ex: marriage, anthems
question
Minor
answer
Sadder/Scary music Ex: Funeral, Haunted Movie, theme to Jaws
question
Score
answer
The music that the musician plays from (They look at to play). EX: Book or iPads.
question
Timbre
answer
Pronounced Tamber. The distinct recognizable sound quality of any instrument or voice Ex. An instrument or car screeching
question
Symphony
answer
Primary type of composition for classical music orchestra
question
5 features that help identify Gregorian Chant
answer
1. Male voices 2. Morophonic texture 3. Sung in Latin 4. a capella 5. Non-material -Named after Pope Gregory II. He authorized the organization and use of the chants in the catholic church service.
question
Melisma
answer
Signing many notes to one syllable. As church music developed, melismas grew stronger.
question
Organum
answer
Earliest form of polyphony: (music with 2 or more melodies at the same time)
question
Troubador
answer
Medieval poet/musicians from France
question
Provencal
answer
The older form of language/dialect used by the troubadours. Elements of old French and Spanish combined.
question
Hildegard von Bingen
answer
-one of the first important female composers in music history. -wrote approx. 80 plainchants -writings on natural history and medicine -Sciuias: 3 books of her visions (includes poetry and music)
question
Philippe de Vitry
answer
-(1291-1361) -French poet, theorist, composer and author. -Wrote a book called ARS NOVA (New Art) -Had new ideas in polyphony, notation and rhythm.
question
Palestrina
answer
-(1525-1594) the last great composer of Catholic Music. - Wrote 105 masses. - Renaissance techniques: 1. Paraphrase—\"reshape\" older material. 2. Imitation—extended music by repeating the same material.
question
The Council of Trent
answer
-(1545-1563) -Meetings by the church authorities for General business problems/religious problems/challenges, interpretation and implimation of church laws. -Result: Among many new rules, the words of mass were to be set to music in a way that the people could understand Latin Music.
question
Madrigal
answer
-a small vocal work for 4-8 voices. -no accompaniment -in English or Italian -by a renaissance composer.
question
Fabritio Caroso
answer
-Italian dance master, courtier and author of famous books. -\"IL Ballarino\" (Dancing Master, 1581) -\"Nobilita de Dame\" (the Nobility of Ladies) -Advice for ladies and gentlemen on etiquette and dress books also included dance patterns -Illustrations of the order of the steps and music for some of the dances.
question
Recitative
answer
Half-singing, half-speaking the worlds instead of doing spoken language.
question
Aria
answer
Solo song in an opera. Emotional mood of the character is reflected in the music and words.
question
Oratorio
answer
Large work for soloists (most often 4), chorus and orchestra. Usually with a biblical story.
question
Equal Temperament
answer
A system of tuning developed in the 1600s and widely accepted after.
question
Modulation
answer
To change the key in a musical composition.
question
Movement
answer
Self contained section of a total work. Help to keep variety.
question
Concerto
answer
Music for solo instrument accompanied by orchestra.
question
Gabrieli
answer
-(1553-1621) -Director and organist at St. Mark's. -Famous for ceremonial music, especially for chorus and brass instruments. -Antiphonal style—back and forth for musical style. adding dynamic markings. -Also specifying which instruments would play the music.
question
Purcell
answer
Wrote \"Dido and Aeneas\": Plot summary: Aeneas gets a message from what he thinks is God, is actually witches trying to break him and Dido up. Dido and Arenas meet and fall in love. Aeneas thinks he has to leave now, Tells Dido, they fight. Dido says go and leave, he leaves, she gets upset and kills herself, not before singing Dido's Lament—\"When I am laid in Earth.\"
question
Castrato
answer
A singer of the 16th-18th centuries who sang in the soprano or alto voice range.
question
3 famous makers of stringed instruments during the Baroque Period
answer
1. Amati 2. Guarneri 3. Stradivari
question
Vivaldi
answer
(1678-1741): the four seasons, features violin soloist, accompanied by string orchestra.
question
Bach
answer
-extremely large output of compositions -made the Brandenburg Concerto: solo group: flute, violin and harpsichord. Special: harpsichord has a very long solo near the end of the movement.
question
Suite
answer
-A collection of dances composed for instrumental performance only. -Titles of each section will be a dance type with a certain meter, temp change and character. -The average number of dances in a suite was 6.
question
Handel
answer
-Water music: written to accompany King George I as he traveled down the Thames River on the royal barge. -Only music with horns in it.
question
Italian Tempo Designations (slow, medium, fast)
answer
Slow: Lento Medium: Moderato Fast: Presto
question
Gregorian Chant
answer
Kyrie
question
Ave Maria, o auctrix vitae
answer
Hildegard Von Bingen
question
Ce fut en Mai
answer
Monniot d' Arras
question
Pope Marcellus Mass: Gloria in excelsis Deo
answer
Palestrina
question
As Vest was from Latmos Hill descending
answer
T. Weelkes
question
O Magnum Mysterium
answer
G. Gabrieli
question
Dido & Aeneas: Dido's Lament \"When I am laid in Earth\"
answer
H. Purcell
question
Messiah: For Unto Us a Child is Born
answer
G.F. Handel
question
The Four Seasons: Winter 3rd Movement
answer
A. Vivaldi
question
Brandenburg Concerto #5: first movement
answer
J.S. Bach
question
Prelude and Fugue in G major BWV 541
answer
J.S. Bach
question
Water Music: Minuet & Trio
answer
G.F. Handel
question
F. J. Haydn
answer
String quartet op.76 no.3 \"Emperor\" 2nd movement
question
W.A.Mozart
answer
-The Magic Flute: Queen of the Night - Revenge aria -Piano concerto in G major K.453 3nd movement
question
L. van Beethoven
answer
Symphony no. 3 in E flat 1st movement
question
F. Schubert
answer
Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel
question
F.Chopin
answer
Nocturne in D flat major op.27 no.2
question
F. Liszt
answer
Transcendental Etude: Mazeppa
question
H. Berlioz
answer
SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE: Dream of a Witches Sabbath
question
B. Smetana
answer
MA VLAST: The Moldau
question
G.Verdi
answer
LA TRAVIATA: Sempre libera
question
R.Wagner
answer
GOTTERDAMMERUNG (Twilight of the Gods): Act III: Brunnhilde's Immolation
question
P.I. Tchaikovsky
answer
SWAN LAKE: Theme
question
name and explain 3 characteristics/developments in music of the Classical Period
answer
1. Inspired by ideals of ancient Rome and Greece. 2. Emergence of musical forms with more definition 3. Focus on craftsmanship.
question
Patronage System
answer
-a composer or musician would be hired (as a servant) by a royal or aristocratic family. -Compose/and or perform as ordered by their employer.
question
Symphony
answer
a large work for orchestra in 3-4 movements. Most important form or orchestra music.
question
Concerto
answer
a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra
question
Chamber Music
answer
music played for 2-9 players. Each player has their own music.
question
Opera Buffa
answer
Type of Italian Opera
question
Sonata Form
answer
3 Sections: 1. Exposition 2. Development— prime feature: Modulation 3. Recapitulation
question
Hayden
answer
-String Quartet op, 76 no.3 \"The Emperor\" -Melody is first performed as a song on the emperor's birthday.
question
Mozart
answer
\"K\" means \"Kochel\" who was the person who categorized Mozart's songs
question
Beethoven
answer
2 Famous Symphonies: #3: Eroica Fidelio (opera)
question
Describe/ explain the special \"innovation\" that happens between the 3rd and 4th movement of his most famous (the 5th) symphony.
answer
In the 5th Symphony (in C Minor) from the 3rd to 4th movement the strings and timpani build to.....(something big)
question
Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) (Biography portion)
answer
-Childhood: Emerging Talent; Pianist and composer. Vienna: performs as a virtuoso composer Early successes as a composer -Early Period: (1770-1802) Personal distress: hearing Famous Letter Oct. 6 1802— The Heiligenstadt Testement. -Middle Period: Distinctive composing style emerges Wrote symphony \"Eroica\" Wrote symphonies 4-8 1 Violin concierto, string quartets. piano sonatas Made his income from publishing and his patrons. -Late Period: Illness, family crisis, legal battles Composes 9th Symphony Income from commissions Sick in 1825, 1826. Died 1827.
question
H. BERLIOZ
answer
Symphonie Fantastique Dream of a Witches Sabbath
question
Idee Fixe
answer
— a recurring melody in a musical composition. - Berloiz uses it in all 5 movements, and it ties the story together and unifies the whole musical composition.
question
Coloratura
answer
A type of singer that can sing really high (Soprano)
question
Lied
answer
German Art Song. Music for a solo vocalist, with piano accompaniment.
question
Virtuoso
answer
A uniquely talented performer.
question
Etude
answer
a musical exercise to develop your speed and skill. Very difficult.
question
Nocturne
answer
Right hand plays the melody, left plays the accompaniment (on a piano)
question
Leitmotiv
answer
Musical theme used to identify a person, event, emotion, symbol or ideal.
question
Nationalism
answer
Your music reflects pride in your country
question
Smetana
answer
MA VLAST - The Moldau -???
question
N. Paganini
answer
-he was an Italian Violin Virtuoso -famous work was 24 Caprices for solo Violin
question
Chopin
answer
-Polish Piano virtuoso and composer. -composed works mainly for solo piano -Famous Works: Etudes 2 sets of 12, 24 preludes
question
Clara Schumann
answer
-Female piano -taught by her domineering father, Friedrick Wieck (Pianist and Teacher) -Clara recognized as a young prodigy. -Robert Schumann is another one of her father's students. -They fall in love and want to run away together. Eventually do, but face difficulties balancing duties as a wife, mother and artist; couldn't handle it all.
question
Schubert
answer
Song Cycle— a collection a Lieder that tell a story 1. \"The Lovely Maid of The Mill\" 2. \"The Winter Journey\"
question
SCHUBERT: GRETCHEN AT THE SPINNING WHEEL
answer
Gretchen is sitting at a spinning wheel. She's singing. About a mournful relationship
question
Guiseppie Verdi
answer
2 Famous Operas of his: 1. Macbeth (1847) 2. Otello (1893)
question
R. Wagner
answer
- The Ring Of Nibelung: - cycle of 4 operas - Epic story of the Gods: power, love, greed, betrayal, and ultimately the downfall of the Gods.
question
R. Wagner Opera: The Ring of he Nibelung
answer
Read paper
question
Symphonic Poems
answer
1 piano sonata, piano concertos, orchestral works
question
FRANZ LISZT
answer
German composer famous for Symphonic poems
question
\"Also Sprach Zarathustra\"
answer
Poem written by Nietzche. \"We were night walkers, let us become day walkers.\"
question
Gustav Mahler
answer
German conductor and composer, famous for large scale symphonies; vocal music, including art songs and music for voice and orchestra. His compositions often reflect his religious/philosophical concerns, emotional issues and life experiences. His music tries to explore his concerns and thoughts about mortality, belief, human joy in nature, and a hope for spiritual resolution and comfort in the hereafter.
question
Impressionism
answer
(1890-1920), French. Uses unusual scales like the \"whole tone scale\" and \"pentatonic scale\"
question
2 ways in which 'impressionism' is presented in music
answer
1. Whole Tone Scale— Sounds like a mix of major/minor (no half steps in it) 2. Pentatonic Scale— sounds oriental/exotic.
question
Parallel Chords
answer
groups of notes all moving in the same direction
question
Meter
answer
songs that have no \"firm\" beat
question
Compound Meter
answer
patterns of more than 5 beat
question
Claude Debussy
answer
French composer and Pianist. Famous for new use of form: Tonality— \"new\" sounds for the orchestra/piano.
question
Works of Claude Debussy
answer
Orchestra: Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun; Nocturnes; La Mer Piano: Preludes; Etudes; Suite Bergamasque; Children's Corner.
question
Verismo
answer
The trend of \"realism\" in late 19th century Italian opera. Features \"everyday\" characters (lower social class), dicey situations; drama often that involves love, betrayal, jealousy, often death/murder; featured in music 1890-early 1900s.
question
2 Italian composers and the operas they wrote at the beginning of the Verismo style
answer
1. Pietro Mascagni (1863-1945) Opera: Cavalleria rusticana (Rustic Chivalry) 1890. 2. Ruggiero Leoncavallo (1858-1919) Opera: Pagliacci (The Strolling Players) 1892
question
Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) Italian Composer
answer
made \"La Boheme\" (The Bohemian Girl)
question
Characters of \"La Boheme\"
answer
Rodolfo: A poet Mimi: a seamstress/maker of silk flowers Marcello: a painter and friend of Rudolfo Musetta: Marcello's girlfriend Storyline: - Rudolfo and Mimi were in love, hit a rocky point, broke up - Marcello and Musetta are in love.
question
Expressionism
answer
German style of art, literature, music and theater. During late 19th/early 20th century.
question
Sprechstimme
answer
speaking/singing approximate pitches rather than traditional singing of exact pitches.
question
Aleatory
answer
The composer gives the performer elements of the composition but the exact nature of the performance moment can be determined by the choices of the performers.
question
Prepared Piano
answer
A variety of non-musical materials (metal, glass, weather stripping, cloth, specified by composer) are placed in/on the strings to obtain special non-traditional sounds from the instrument.
question
Minimalism
answer
Style of composition that focuses on the use of musical patterns with little or no variation in rhythm, dynamics, instruments, tempo, mood.
question
The Rite of Spring
answer
Choreography by the dancer Vaslav Nijinsky; scenery/costumes by Nicholas Roerich. Premiered May 1913 in Paris, performed by the Ballets Russes dance company.
question
Audience reaction to \"The Rite of Spring\"
answer
Some people were positive and excited by the production, others were deeply outraged and upset, to the point of booing loudly and arguing with other members of the audience. In the dancing - the strange non-traditional (\"ugly\") costumes; The \"naturalistic\" untraditional choreography (non graceful positions, jumping, being on the ground) In the music - the audience was upset by what sounded like rhythmic \"chaos\", often strong dissonances, strange use of the orchestra (examples: instruments playing at extreme pitches, playing with harsh sounds rather than \"nice\" ones).
question
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951) German composer
answer
Composed orchestral works, operas, chamber music, and works for piano. Worked in Vienna, later taught at UCLA in California His compositions from 1908-1923 are mainly atonal (no key center as in traditional major or minor tonal music). formulated the radical 12 tone system of composition around 1921.
question
LISTENING: PIERROT LUNAIRE (Moonstruck Pierrot, 1912)
answer
Text based on 21 brief poems by Albert Giraud; poems contain allusions to madness, alienation, uncertainty, compulsion.
question
Social Realism
answer
Russian governmental control of the creative arts under Soviet leader and dictator JOSEPH STALIN (ruled from 1922 till his death in 1953), who ruthlessly imposed standards on writers, composers, artists etc. The policies of Socialist Realism were in effect starting 1932 and continued for about sixty years.
question
Russian Artists during Stalin Rule
answer
Artists during this time were expected to put forth works that glorified Socialism and the party line of a happy, cooperative, and successful country where all citizens were unified to work for the greater good.
question
Joseph Stalin
answer
estimates vary on the many millions of people who were \"eliminated\" including creative people, Jews, homosexuals, his political enemies and any suspected opposition.
question
DMITRI SHOSTAKOVICH (1906-1975) Russian composer
answer
He was denounced by the government in 1936, due to objections to his opera Lady Macbeth of Minsk. Then again in 1948; his music was banned, he was forced to publicly repent and his family had certain \"privileges\" withdrawn. There were also further periodic banning of his works.
question
CHARLES IVES (1874-1954)
answer
American composer Works for orchestra, piano, chamber, vocal. Many of his works reference his personal American experience
question
GEORGE GERSHWIN (1898-1937)
answer
composer, pianist. Famous for songs, Broadway shows, work in Hollywood Gershwin aimed to combine Classical forms, as well as Classical compositional and performance discipline, with the rhythmic appeal of American popular music, and the harmonies/sounds of blues and jazz.
question
TERRY RILEY (b.1935)
answer
composer, piano, tabla, tambura, voice Musical studies in California and with master Pandit Pran Nath (classical Indian voice). European travels, faculty at Mills College in 1971 teaching Indian classical music.
question
\"IN C\" (written in 1964)
answer
the performers are given some elements of the composition and the exact performance is based on some of their choices. Composition using 53 musical phrases; phrases may be repeated any number of times. No set time duration; Riley mentions average performances 45 - 90 minutes.
question
LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)
answer
American conductor, composer, pianist, teacher First American music director for the New York Philharmonic Orchestra 1958 Famous for concerts for young listeners; music programs on television.
question
GEORGE CRUMB (b.1929) American composer
answer
Modern, avant-garde, uses alternative notations and scores (sometimes referred to as \"graphic notation\" - looks more like a \"picture\")
question
BLACK ANGELS for electric string quartet (1970)
answer
Written by George Crumb. Subtitled Thirteen Images from a Dark Land, Black Angels was inspired by the Vietnam War, if not directly, at least by way of the anguished mood that the war instigated.
question
PHILIP GLASS (b.1937) Composer, performer
answer
Works in all forms (orchestral, piano, chamber music, film scores); very prolific (*Now prefers not to be referred to as a Minimalist composer but one who uses \"repetitive\" elements)
question
Operas by Philip Glass
answer
1. Einstein on the Beach -- Albert Einstein as a historic figure, no actual plot 2. Satyagraha *translated from Hindu as \"firmness of truth\" Opera is about Mahatmas Gandhi as a young man in South Africa and his response to injustices against himself and other Indians there. This chronicles his spiritual evolution to the principle of non-violence and working to get equal rights with new tactics.
question
John Adams
answer
On The Transmigration of Souls 2002 A \"soundscape\" for orchestra, voices, and tape; the words being sung come from signs and posters near Ground Zero after 9/11. The work received a Pulitzer Prize in 2003.
question
Yo Yo Ma-- virtuoso cellist, founder of THE SILK ROAD PROJECT
answer
The Silk Road Project was begun in 1998; the goal is to provide and promote collaboration between artists and institutions from the Eastern and the Western traditions.
question
TAN DUN
answer
Chinese composer. Composes Classical music with influences from his Chinese heritage.
question
\"Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon\" (2000) 2 Main instruments used:
answer
Features Chinese instrument called an ERHU as solo with a traditional Western orchestra (strings)
question
El SISTEMA
answer
Special music education program in Venezuela; now has branches in multiple American communities. Had a orchestra that traveled around the world and received great praise.
question
Claude Debussy (Listening portion)
answer
Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
question
G. Puccini (Listening Portion)
answer
MADAME BUTTERFLY: Un bel di
question
Igor Stravinsky (Listening Portion)
answer
The Rite of Spring (opening)
question
Arnold Schoenberg (Listening portion)
answer
PIERROT LUNAIRE: Valse de Chopin
question
D. Shostakovich (Listening Portion)
answer
Symphony no. 5 4th movement
question
Charles Ives (Listening Portion)
answer
The Unanswered Question
question
Terry Riley (Listening Portion)
answer
In C
question
George Crumb (Listening Portion)
answer
BLACK ANGELS: Danse macabre
question
Philip Glass (listening portion)
answer
SATYAGRAHA: Kuru Field of Justice
question
George Gershwin (Listening Portion)
answer
Rhapsody in Blue (opening)
question
Tan Dun (Listening Portion)
answer
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Farewell
