Linux+ Midterm
154 test answers
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In Linux, the core component of the GUI is known as:
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X Windows
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Proxy servers keep track of the information passed to each client by maintaining what type of table?
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Network Address Translation (NAT)
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The GNU General Public License (GPL) was developed by which organization?
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Free Software Foundation (FSF)
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The Linux kernel was developed and released in 1991 by:
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Linus Torvalds
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The iptables software on Linux is an example of what kind of software?
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Firewall
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What Linux distribution is the most commonly used distribution within organizations today?
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Red Hat
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What computer system was the first to run the UNIX operating system?
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DEC PDP-7
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What piece of software tells the operating system how to use a specific hardware device?
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device driver
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what service provides a method for the efficient transfer of files over the Internet?
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FTP
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What software type is software that is distributed free of charge, but the source code is not available?
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Freeware
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When viewing the version number for a Linux kernel, what number indicates the stability of the kernel?
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minor number
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What stipulates that the source code of any software published under its license must be freely available.
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GNU Public License
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Which of the following is the greatest expense for companies using Linux?
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Hiring people to maintain the Linux system
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Which type of open source license ensures that the source code of a program is freely available while also allowing the original author of the source code some control over the changes made to it?
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Artistic
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A calendar for the current month can be shown on the command line by issuing which command?
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cal
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A hard drive or SSD can be divided into partitions. What is the maximum number of primary partitions that can be used on these devices?
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4
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After a shell is no longer needed, what command can be given to exit the shell?
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exit
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After logging into a terminal, a user will receive an interface known as which option below?
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shell
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In Fedora 20, what terminal is used for graphical login?
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tty1
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Prior to performing an installation of Linux, the hardware components of the target system should be checked against what known compatible list below?
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Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
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Select the utility below that when run will start and perform a thorough check of RAM for hardware errors:
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memtest86
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Some Linux distributions have the ability to boot an image from install media and run entirely from RAM. What is the name for this kind of image?
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live media image
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The Linux kernel exists as a file named:
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vmlinuz
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The apropos list command produces the same results as which command below?
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man -k list
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Under the root directory in Linux, which directory contains system commands and utilities?
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/var
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What installation media source is the most common source for Linux packages?
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DVD
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What is the minimum number of user accounts that must be created at install time?
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2
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. What is the recommended size for the /home directory?
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200 MB
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What metacharacter can be used to issue tw term-31o commands to be run in consecutive order, without piping or redirecting output?
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;
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What metacharacter indicates background command execution?
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&
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What term describes the physical hardware and the underlying operating system upon which a virtual machine runs?
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virtual host
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When using command-line terminal, specific letters that start with a dash ("-") and appear after command names are considered to be:
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Options
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Which Linux command can be utilized to display your current login name?
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whoami
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At the vi command mode prompt, what key combination below will force a quit from the vi editor without saving changes
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:q!
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If enough unique letters of a directory name have been typed, what key can be pressed to activate the BASH shell's completion feature?
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Tab
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In order to move from the /home/joe/test/data to the /home/joe directory, what command below should be issued?
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cd ../..
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In the GNU Emacs editor, what key combination can be used to delete all characters between the cursor and the end of the line?
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Ctrl+k
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. In vi, using command mode, what series of key presses below will cause the line on which the cursor is on to be deleted?
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dd
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In what mode does the vi editor open by default?
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command mode
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Select the command below that can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a directory:
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ls -l
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Select the regular expression metacharacter that matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character.
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*
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The LISP artificial intelligence programming language can be used with which text editor below?
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Emacs editor
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To display a text file in reverse order, what command should be used?
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tac
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To display the contents of a text file called data, what command should be used?
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cat data
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Using wildcard metacharacters, how can one indicate a number is either 1, 2, 3, or 4?
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[1-4]
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What command can be issued to confirm what directory you are in at a command line prompt?
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pwd
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What command can be used to display the last five lines of a text file?
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tail -5
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What command is most effective at identifying different types of files?
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stat
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What metacharacter can be used to refer to the current user's home directory?
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~
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When issuing the ls -F command, what special character indicates a linked file?
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@
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Which character(s) below represent extended regular expression metacharacter(s)?
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{}
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Which of the following key combinations, commonly used in the vi editor command mode, displays current line statistics?
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Ctrl+g
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Which switch below can be added to the ls command to show a list of files and their type?
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-F
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Select the mode below that corresponds to setting r-x:
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5
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What permission (when assigned to a file) grants a user the ability to open, read, and edit the contents of a file?
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write
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In a file's mode, a permission that is unavailable is represented by what character?
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-
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In order to create a hard link, what command must be used?
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ln
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I order to quickly create an empty file, what command can be used?
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vim file1
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In order to set all of the special permissions on a certain file or directory, which command below should be used on a file named filename?
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chmod 7777 filename
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The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard specifies what directory as containing the Linux kernel and the boot loader configuration files?
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/boot
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The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard specifies what directory as the root user's home directory?
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/root
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The contents of a certain variable in memory can be viewed using which metacharacter below in combination with the echo command?
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$
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The section of an inode that stores permissions is referred to as what?
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the mode of the file
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What argument can be used with the chmod command to add read permission and remove write permission for a group on a file?
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g+r-w
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What command below takes a list of arguments specifying the absolute or relative pathnames of files to remove?
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rm
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What command can be used to copy files?
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cp
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What does the setfacl -b command do?
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It removes all extra ACL assignments on a given file.
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What option, when added to the rm command, is commonly referred to as the -resume option?
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-r
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What permission (when applied to a directory) allows a user to enter the directory and work with directory contents?
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execute
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What permission grants a user the ability to open, read, and edit the contents of a file?
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write
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What section of a filesystem contains information about the filesystem in general?
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superblock
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When using the chmod command, the mode rwx can be represented by which number?
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7
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In the fdisk interactive mode, what letter can be used to save changes to the partition table and exit?
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w
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What command below can be used to create a new physical volume?
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pvcreate
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A device that transfers data in a character-by-character fashion is referred to as what type of device?
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character
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Data is read from physical hard drives in concentric circles known as which of the following?
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tracks
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Errors on a filesystem are common on most filesystems. What do these errors indicate?
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filesystem corruption
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In the event that you wish to disable a swap partition, what command must be used?
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swapoff
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In what filesystem are most of the operating system files contained?
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root
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Select the command below that shows the size of a directory and its contents in kilobytes:
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du
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Select the command that can be used to check an ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem:
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mke2fs
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Select the command that can be used to create partitions that will be stored in an MBR after installation:
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fdisk
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The quotas for certain users can be edited by using which command?
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edquota
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The mkfs command can be issued with what switch in order to specify a filesystem type?
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-t
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To mount all filesystems in the /etc/fstab file that are intended to mount at boot time, what command can be used?
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mount -a
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What character device file represents the second serial port on a system (COM2)?
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/dev/ttyS1
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What command can be used to check different kinds of filesystems on Linux for errors?
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fsck
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What file system below is used by software programs that write to a CD-RW or DVD-RW drive?
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udf
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What hex code is associated with a Linux swap type partition?
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82
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Which command below provides the easiest method for monitoring free space on mounted filesystems?
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df
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Which device file below represents the first primary partition on the second PATA hard disk drive?
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/dev/hdb1
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Which option, when used with the mount command, enables loopback mode so that an iso image can be mounted onto a directory?
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--loop
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A ZFS volume that uses a variable stripe size and requires a minimum of three hard disks to protect against single disk failure is known as:
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RAID-Z
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In Fedora 20, the logging system used to record the messages normally stored within the boot.log, messages, and syslog files has been replaced by a journaling database system called?
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journald
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Select the command that can be used to change the root filesystem to a different directory, such as when in a rescue environment
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chroot
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What RAID level is commonly referred to as disk striping with parity?
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RAID5
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Each SCSI device attached to a system must be assigned an ID number. What is this ID number called?
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target ID
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If a Linux installation ends abnormally and the screen displays a fatal signal 11 error, what type of error has occurred?
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segmentation fault
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In a SCSI chain the highest priority SCSI device is given what SCSI ID?
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7
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In order to list all configuration parameters that can be modified for a subfilesystem, what command should be issued?
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zfs get all
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In some cases, the installation process fails to place a boot loader on the hard disk properly; this is often caused by hard drives with over what number of cylinders?
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1024
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Most Parallel SCSI controllers are capable of supporting up to how many devices?
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15
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Select the file in the /proc directory that contains statistics on the performance of the processor
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loadavg
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The first software RAID volume on a system will use a multiple disk device file that starts with what number?
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127
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To ensure that Linux has detected the correct amount of RAM in the system after installation, you should view the contents of what file in the proc directory?
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/proc/meminfo
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What SCSI type supports speeds of up to 80 MB/second?
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SCSI-3 Ultra2 Wide
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What command is used to manage a software RAID configuration after installation?
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mdadm
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What file in the /proc directory contains a list of memory address ranges reserved for device use?
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ioports
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What file in the /proc directory contains information about a computer's CPU?
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/proc/cpuinfo
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What file under the proc directory contains information regarding what modules are currently loaded into the Linux kernel?
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modules
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What is the term for a ZFS managed filesystem that is created from ZFS pools?
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ZFS volume
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You are troubleshooting an issue that occurs on a Linux system during the boot process. What file can be viewed on most Linux systems to see processes that started successfully or unsuccessfully specifically during the boot process?
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/var/log/boot.log
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What construct is intended for use in processing a list of objects, such as files, directories, users, printers, and so on?
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for
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What operator below is known as the NOT operator?
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!
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A list of all exported environment and user-defined variables in a shell can be viewed with what command below?
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env
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In order to redirect a file to the standard input of a command, what metacharacter should be used?
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<
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Select the escape sequence that starts a new line when used with echo:
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n
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Select the escape sequence that is used for a form feed:
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f
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Select the metacharacter that can be used to send the standard output of one command to another command as standard input:
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|
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Select the test statement that can be used to determine if A is numerically greater than B
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[ A gt B ]
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The ability to extract, manipulate, and format text using pattern action statements belongs to which command below?
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awk
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The default BASH shell prompt is set by an environment variable. What command can be used to view this variable?
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echo $PS1
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The environment variables that are set by default and their current values can be viewed with what command?
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set
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The standard output and standard error from a terminal screen within the BASH shell can be redirected to a file on the filesystem using what shell metacharacter, followed by the absolute or relative pathname of the file?
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>
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What character combination at the start of a shell script are referred to as a hashpling, and allow for the specification of the shell that interprets the contents of the script?
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#!
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What character is used to delimit most Linux configuration files?
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colon
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What command can be used to replace characters in a file sent via Standard Input?
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tr
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What environment file is always executed immediately after login for all users on the system, and sets most environment variables, such as HOME and PATH?
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/etc/profile
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What number represents the stderr file descriptor?
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2
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What permissions are required to execute a shell script in a manner similar to any other executable program on the system?
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read and execute
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Which command can be used to count the number lines, words, and characters in a file?
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wc
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When using Systemd, what command can be used to start, stop, and configure daemons to start automatically when the system starts?
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systemctl
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After modifying the /etc/default/grub file, what command should be run to rebuild the grub config files?
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grub-mkconfig
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In Fedora 20, where are user configured settings for Xorg stored?
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/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
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In Linux, what runlevel is also known as the multiuser mode?
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2
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In order to change keyboard layout if X Windows can't detect the layout, you should use what CLI command?
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system-config-keyboard
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In standard GRUB notation, select the option below that represents the first hard drive in a system, and the first partition on that hard drive.
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(hd0,0)
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In the /etc/lilo.conf file, what keyword should be specified in order to provide the absolute pathname to the Linux kernel?
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image=
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On Linux systems that use the traditional UNIX SysV init, what command below can be used to list and modify the runlevels that a daemon is started in?
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chkconfig
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Once X Windows is configured, what command can be used to fine tune the vertical and horizontal refresh rate?
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xvidtune
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The GUI components and related software take up how much space on a typical Linux installation?
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4GB
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Under what directory is the Linux kernel stored?
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/boot
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What command below can be used to re-install GRUB2 in the event that the boot loader becomes corrupted?
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grub2-install
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What command below can be used to uninstall the LILO bootloader from an active partition?
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lilo -U
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What command can be used to configure the LILO, ELILO, GRUB, and GRUB2 bootloaders?
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grubby
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What file controls the default runlevel when using Systemd?
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/etc/systemd/system/default.target
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What is the default target on a system with a GUI installed?
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graphical.target
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What keyword tells the Linux kernel to avoid printing errors to the screen during system startup?
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quiet
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What stage of the GRUB boot loader typically resides on the MBR / GPT?
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Stage1
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Which command below can be used to start, stop, or restart any daemons in the /etc/init.d directory?
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service
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