Lifetime Wellness (HN) Chapter 12 Review – Flashcards
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Which of the following refers to new growths resulting from the spread of cancer cells to new locations?
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secondary tumors.
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Which type of tumor spreads cancer cells to other parts of the body?
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malignant.
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Which of the following are risk factors for lung cancer?
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-smoking cigarettes -exposure to asbestos particles -ETS
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Which of the following are treatments for lung cancer?
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-surgery -chemotherapy -radiation
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The primary method of treatment for colorectal cancer is...
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surgery.
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Approximately _______% of breast cancers occur in women with a strong familial history of the disease.
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5 to 10.
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If the prostate gland in males becomes enlarged, then...
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urine flow can be interrupted.
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Which of the following are treatment options for prostate cancer?
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-radiation -surgery
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The scraping of cells from the cervix for microscopic examination for cancer detection is called a...
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Pap test.
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The internal lining of the uterus that is susceptible to cancer is the...
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endometrium.
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Other medically proven treatments for endometrial cancer include...
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-chemotherapy -hormones
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The type of cancer that often arises from a mole is..
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melanoma.
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Cancer of the surface layers of the skin is called...
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squamous cell carcinoma.
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Basal and squamous cell carcinomas account for about _____% of skin cancer cases in the United States each year.
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95
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Which of the following are types of head and neck cancer?
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-tongue cancer -larynx cancer
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The incidence of head and neck cancer is higher for...
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men.
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Head and neck cancers can include which of the following parts of the body?
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-nasal cavities -the mouth
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Which of the following can be side effects fo the chemotherapy?
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-hair loss -diarrhea -nausea
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What are the two greatest risk factors for bladder cancer?
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-smoking -being male
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A tumor originating from lymphatic tissue is called...
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lymphoma.
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Hepatitis B attacks the _____ and has been linked to many cases of cancer of this organ.
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liver.
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A technique that removes and examine a small piece of body tissue for the purpose of diagnosis is...
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a biopsy.
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Any change in the normal genetic makeup of a cell is called...
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a mutation.
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Neoplasm is another term for...
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a tumor.
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Around 1 in 5 of American deaths can be linked to...
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tobacco use.
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Which of the following are classified as vitamin A precursors?
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carotenoids.
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Which of the following statements regarding nitrates and nitrites are correct?
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-nitrates and nitrates are not carcinogenic but can be converted into carcinogens in the stomach -nitrates and nitrites are commonly found in processed meats -common food additives include nitrates and nitrites
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The roles of chemical substance DNA is to....
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carry genetic information.
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Most human cells contain _____ pairs of chromosomes.
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23
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An oncogene that normally functions to restrain cellular growth is called a...
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tumor suppressor gene.
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An example of a cancer promoter is...
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estrogen.
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A naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent chronic disease is called...
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a phytochemical.
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Which of the following is linked to approximately 30% of cancer deaths?
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Smoking
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Which is the best description of cancer?
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An abnormal and uncontrollable multiplication of cells.
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What is the primary difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
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Malignant tumors can spread to other sites in the body.
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When does metastasis occur?
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When cancer cells break off and invade other body parts.
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What controls the production of a protein?
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Genes
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Which is an example of a cancer promoter?
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Estrogen
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A diet high in which foods is linked to high rates of colon and prostate cancer?
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Fat and meat
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A diet high in which foods is associated with increased risk of oral cancers?
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Alcohol
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Which naturally occurring substances found in plant foods can help prevent chronic diseases?
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Phytochemical
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Which is a good source of phytochemicals?
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Broccoli
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Which food is recommended for cancer risk reduction?
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Yellow or orange fruits and vegetables.
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What is the name for substances that cause cancer?
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Carcinogens
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Which potentially dangerous additive exists in processed meats?
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Nitrates
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Which is a source of radiation?
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UV rays from the sun.
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Which causes 80% of the cases of liver cancer worldwide?
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Hepatitis B and C viruses.
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About how many people are diagnosed with cancer each year?
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1.6 million
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What is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States?
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Lung cancer.
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What is the chief risk factor for lung cancer?
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Tobacco smoke.
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Which is true of environmental tobacco smoke?
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It is a risk factor for lung cancer.
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Jose has a family history of colon cancer. What should he do to lower his personal risk of the disease?
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Take a small, regular dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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What is a common test that is useful in early detection of colon cancers?
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Stool blood test.
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Which is a signal of colon and rectal cancer?
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Rectal bleeding.
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Which is the most common type of cancer in women?
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Breast
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What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?
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They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
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Which is a risk factor for breast cancer?
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Obesity
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The American Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over what age?
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45 years
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Which statement about the prostate gland is TRUE?
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The prostate gland is located at the base of the bladder.
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Which is the most common cancer in men?
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Prostate cancer
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How can prostate cancer be detected?
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Ultrasound
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Which risk factor is associated with prostate cancer?
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A history of sexually transmitted infections.
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A diet that is high in which food may increase risk of prostate cancer?
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Dairy foods
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The Pap test is used to help detect which type of cancer?
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Cervical
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Which infection puts women at risk for cervical cancer?
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Human papilloma virus (HPV)
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Which is a risk factor for cervical cancer?
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Smoking
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What is the name for cancer of the uterus?
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Endometrial
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Which statement about ovarian cancer is true?
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It is relatively rare but has a high death rate.
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Which of the following risk factors is most clearly linked with skin cancer?
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Exposing skin to ultraviolet radiation.
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Which group is at an increased risk for developing skin cancer?
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People who use tanning lamps.
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Which statement about ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is true?
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It causes sunburn.
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Which is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?
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Melanoma
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Where can melanoma occur?
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Anywhere on the body.
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Which is characteristic of a skin lesion that may be a melanoma?
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Diameter greater than one-quarter inch.
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Which statement about ultraviolet radiation is true?
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Sand reflects ultraviolet radiation, so beach-goers need to wear sunscreen even if they sit under a beach umbrella.
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Melissa uses a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 20. What does this does this mean?
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She can stay in the sun 20 times longer without getting burned than if she didn't use it.
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To what substance or activity is oral cancer traced?
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Excess use of alcohol.
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What is the most common cancer for men aged 20 to 35?
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Testicular cancer
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How often should men perform a testicular self-exam?
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Monthly
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Which statement regarding the testicular self-exam is true?
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It should be performed using a gentle rolling motion.
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Which best describes leukemia?
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A malignant disease of the white blood cells.
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What stage would a cancer that has spread to distant tissues or organs be classified as?
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Stage II
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What term refers to the use of drugs to destroy rapidly growing cancer cells?
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Chemotherapy
