Lifespan Physical Therapy – Flashcards

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Baby turns head and opens mouth when cheek is touched. Absent ~ 3 months, integrates by 6 months
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Rooting Reflex / Primitive
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Sucking movements of the lips elicited by touching the lips or skin near the mouth.
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Sucking Reflex / Primitive
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Clenching of the finger or toes c stimulation of the plam or sole. Integrates 7-9 months for hand (replaced c reaching and grabing) and 9 months for the toes.
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Grasp Reflex / Primitive
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Dorsiflexion of great toe c stimulation of the sole (normal in infants 1-2 years) due to CS tract still mylenating.
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Babinski's Reflex / Primitive
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Birth to 4 months; Spine is curved towards the stroked side of the back. Absence may indicate spinal cord lesion. Can be used as an assessment tool for contractile tissue.
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Galant's Reflex / Primitive
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Produced by a sudden 'drop' stimulus in newborn to ~4 months; persistence past this time may indicate a UMN lesion. The stimulus first provokes UE and digit extension followed by a hugging motion.
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Moro's Reflex / Startle Reflex / Primitive
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While the infant is being held erect stimulation of the dorsum of the foot causes LE flexion followed by extension. Reflex seen in the normal infant upto 6 weeks.
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Placing Reflexes / Primitive
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Movements of progression elicited when the infant is held upright and inclined foreward c the soles touching the floor on a flat surface. Integrates after ~3-4 months.
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Stepping Reflex / Primitive
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When the head is turned to one side, the ipsilateral arm and leg will extend while the contralateral arm and leg flex. The child should be able to overcome this posture, but if it can't (reflex is obligate) then it may indicate a UMN lesion. Should integrate by 6 months.
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Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) / Primitive
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As the neck flexes the arms flex and legs extend, when the neck extends the arms extend and the legs flex. May see a 'bunny hop' strategy develop when there are problems involving this reflex.
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Symetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) / Primitive
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Supine position increases overall extension, while prone positions increase overall flexion.
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Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) / Primitive
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Optical Righting Reflex (OOR) Labrynthian Righting Reflex (LRR-vestibular only) Body on Head Righting (BOH) Neck on Body Righting Reaction (NOB) Body on Body (BOB)
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Righting Reflexes / Reactions
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The first postural support reflex to develop presents 3-4 months. When the child is placed in vertical suspension c feet touching the ground, the baby will extend the LE's in an attemp to support its weight. By 5-6 months full WB is seen c bouncing ~7 months.
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Postural Reflexes / Positive Support Reflexes
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Develops by 4-5 months and is an important postural reflex. When the infant is suspended in the prone position the head should extend above the plane of the trunk, while the legs go into an extended position. The childs head and legs should return to this position even if the head is pushed down and then released.
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Postural Reflexes / Landau
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A protective response essential for independent sitting. This reflex develops at 5-7 months and develops first anteriorly, laterally, and then posteriorly. Asymetrical propping may indicate hemiparesis.
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Postural Reflexes / Lateral Propping
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The last of the postural reflexes to develop, and is usually seen at 8-9 months. When the baby is turned face down towards the mat, the arms will extend as if trying to catch itself. Prior to development of this reflex the baby will actually bring its arms in away from the mat.
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Postural Reflexes / Parachute
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General Growth and developent principal that states infants develop from the head to the tail; That is to say they gain head control, then trunk control, then finally extremity/walking control.
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Cephalocaudal Development
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General Growth and developent principal that states infants develop from proximal to distal; That is to say they gain shoulder control, then hand control.
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Proximodistal Development
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General Growth and developent principal that states infants develop gross movement before fine motor skills; That is to say they will bat at an object before they will manipulate it.
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Gross to Fine Movement Development
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Typical tonic state of a full term (~40 wks) infant. The opposite can be seen in a premature infant (~37 wks).
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Physiological Flexion
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1. Diminished physiological flexion 2. Stabalization of pelvis 3. Antigravity extensor control 4. Able to bring arms foreward 5. Shifts weight side to side 6. Elongation of muscle on WB side 7. Learns to shift weight appropriately to reach -anticipatory postural control
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Prone Progression Sequence
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1. Prone pivoting 2. Disasociation of movement for better control 3. Weigth shifting and grasp
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Thing to look for ~6 months
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1. Diminished physiological flexion 2. Antigravity flexor control - active head control 3. Increased control of shoulder girdle 4. Reaching c concurrent but seperate use of arms 5. Exploration of body 6. Increased abdominal strength 7. Ability to move between ant/poterior pelvic tilt 8. Mouthing
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Supine Progression Sequence
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Tool used to assess motor maturation in infants from birth to independent walking- cam be used as an assessment tool of rehabilitation programs.
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Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS)
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Prone, Supine, Sitting and Standing
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Sequential development positions we assess through observation:
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Measures change in gross motor function in children with cereebral palsy
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Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)
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Comprehensive assessment of motor skills including differentiated measures of gross and fine motor proficiency.
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Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP)
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1. Non-segmental Rolling from supine to side lying 2. Midline Head control 3. Visually directed reaching 4. Smiles and frowns 5. Quiets or smiles in response to voice
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Major 3 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. Unilateral Reaching while Prone on Elbows 2. Rolling Prone to Supine Segmentaly 3. Supine-Hands and feet to mouth / head lifting / bridging 4. Proped Sitting 5. Prone on extended arms 6. Prone pivoting 7. Crude palming, ulnar grasp
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Major 5 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. Rolling supine to prone segmentally 2. Ring sitting unsupported c high guard 3. Transfering objects from hand to hand 4. commando crawling 5. babbeling dadda, mamma 6. Begins to eat cereal
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Major 6 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. Begining quadraped 2. Begining pull-to-stand 3.indep. sitting with secondary curves
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Major 8 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. Creeping 2. Pulls to stand and lowers self 3. Plantigrade posture 4. cruising 5. Begins pincer grasp
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Major 10 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. Pulls to stand through half kneeling 2. Walks independently 3. Graded pressure c grasp 4. meaningfull uses mamma or dadda 5. respond to simple commands 6. may have stranger anxiety
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Major 12 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. Creeps up stairs 2. walks up stairs c help/handrail 3. percision grasp and pincer grasp 4. 5-10 word vocabullary 5. understands 50 words 6. Builds tower of 3 cubes 7. walks backwards 8. attempts to kick ball 9. points to pictures
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Major 15-18 month motor milestones for full term infants
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Back to Sleep Program (Now called Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play)
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What program Decreased SIDS by 50%
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Plagiocephaly (side of head) and Brachycephaley (Back of head)
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2 Infant Skull Deformities
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1. 3-4 months rolls supine to side lying 2. 5-7 months Rolls prone to supine c LE independently 3. 6-14 months Rolls segmentally prone to supine and back
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Rolling progression:
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1. 7 months crawl on belly 2. 7-10 months Recipricol Creeps on all fours 3. 10-12 months Creeps weel on hand and feet
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Crawling / Creeping Progression:
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Supported Sitting >> Propped Sitting >> Thoracic extension supported posture >> Ringed Sitting c high guard then low guard
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Sitting Progression:
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Supported Standing >> Pull to stand >> Cruising >> Standing Unsupported >>> Sitting / Bouncing >> Rotation
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Standing Progression:
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Initial walking: High guard >> no heel strike >> Wide BOS >> High cadence >> minimal single leg stance >> genu varus Eventually: mature gait >> heel strike >> recipricol arm swing >> longitudinal arch ~2 y.o.
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Walking Pregression:
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Pincer grasp, lateral grasp and chuck grasp
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3 types of grasp:
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1. prone on elbows, head to 90' 2. Hands to midline 3. reaches out to grasp object
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Major 4 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. Holds crayon 2. voluntary release
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Major 11 month motor milestones for full term infants
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1. stands on ballance beam 2. runs 3. jumps from bottom step 4. kicks ball 5. throws ball 6. jumps foreward with 2 foot takeoff
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Major 2-3 year motor milestones for full term infants
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