Lifespan DE Chapter 10 REVEL (Chang) – Flashcards
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A classic research study found that ___ ___ was more closely related to adult occupational successes than intelligence or family background.
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childhood industriousness
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In the middle childhood years, children begin to base their self-concepts on ___ characteristics.
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psychological
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The desire to evaluate one's behavior, abilities, expertise, & opinions in reference to others is called ___ ___.
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social comparison
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People in Kohlberg's level of ___ morality rely upon universal moral principles that are broader than the rules of the particular society in which they live.
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postconventional
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According to Carol Gilligan, boys are raised to view morality primarily in terms of broad principles, while girls are raised to regard morality in terms of ___ ___ ___.
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responsibility to others
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In the third stage of friendship, which begins toward the end of middle childhood, friendship is based on ___ ___.
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psychological closeness
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The use of strategies for resolving conflicts in ways that are satisfactory to oneself & to others is called ___ ___ ___.
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social problem solving
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Which of the following is an effective way to reduce bullying in school? A) Training students to intervene when they witness bullying B) Downplaying the importance of bullying by ignoring it C) Promptly removing the victims of bullying from the scene D) Posting clear signs discouraging bullying behavior
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A
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The rigid rankings of group members that typify friend networks among boys are known as the ___ ___.
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dominance hierarchy
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Which of the following statements about cross-race friendships among middle-school children is true? A) The number of cross-race friendships declines as children grow older. B) The number of cross-race friendships increases as children grow older. C) Cross-race friendships decrease in schools with ongoing integration efforts. D) As children mature, cross-race friendships increase among girls, but not boys.
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A
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The shift from almost complete parental control to shared control by parent & child is called ___.
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coregulation
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The seriousness of children's reactions to a divorce is most strongly affected by the ___ ___ ___ ___.
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age of the children
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Which of the following is a major challenge of living in a blended family? A) Role ambiguity B) Declining financial situation in the new family C) Greater incidence of intergenerational conflict D) Social isolation
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A
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Personal explanations for the reasons behind academic success or failure are called ___.
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attributions
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The skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, & regulation of emotions are called ___ ___.
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emotional intelligence
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The middle childhood period encompasses Erikson's ___ ___ ___ stage of psychosocial development.
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industry versus inferiority
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Evaluating one's own behavior, abilities, & opinions against those of others is called ___ ___.
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social comparison
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School-age children measure their self-esteem against ___. A) All of these B) Internal standards C) Their peers D) Societal standards
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A
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According to Kohlberg, children at the ___ ___ stage primarily consider avoiding punishment & receiving rewards in their view of what is moral behavior.
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preconventional morality
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According to Damon, the primary criterion for friendship in Stage 3 is ___.
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loyalty
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A child who is a member of a clique likely ___. A) Has limited strategies for dealing with social problems B) Can react inappropriately in some situations C) Can readily interpret the meaning of others' behavior D) Has a fairly obtuse sense of humor
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C
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Popular children often are skilled at ___ ___-___, which would make them good diplomats.
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social problem solving
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Approximately how many childhood bullies have been raised in an abusive situation? A) 35 percent B) 17 percent C) 50 percent D) 64 percent
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C
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In social relationships, boys are interested in ___ & ___; girls are interested in ___ & ___.
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status, conflict, equality, harmony
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Travis is playing kickball with some kids. As he heads for home plate after a huge kick, nerdy Oliver throws the ball. It nicks his heel & he gets called out. Travis says Oliver missed, but everybody says he's out. Since it is his ball, Travis takes it & the game is over. This is an example of ___ ___.
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restrictive play
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Younger children are somewhat colorblind in choosing friendships. But by high school, the number of African American children who consider someone of another race to be their best friend drops to ___ percent.
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5
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As children get older, their parents shift from providing hard-&-fast rules to setting guidelines & trusting that kids will make the right choices, a process known as ___.
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coregulation
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When Jamaal leaves school, he goes straight home according to his mom's rules. He watches cartoons, does homework, & sets the table for supper. When mom comes home from work, she cooks & they discuss their days. What is the developmental term for Jamal? A) Self-sitter B) After-school independent C) Unsupervised child D) Self-care child
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D
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How has life for the average child changed over the last several decades? A) There is a higher percentage of scheduled activity time for children. B) There is a greater number of blended, gay-lesbian, & other nontraditional families. C) All of these. D) There is a greater number of families with two working parents.
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C
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Naomi believes that she does well on a test because of how hard she studied. She is making what kind of attribution? A) Dispositional B) Situational C) Self-serving D) Externalizing
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B
