Lecture Test 5 Practice Questions – Flashcards
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If a slice of pie is used as an analogy for an ecosystem, then ______ could be an analogy for the biosphere
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the whole pie
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All the silver maples in a given area make up a(n)
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population
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Silver maples, red oaks, red wolves, deer, robins, blue jays, a fresh water stream, river otters, black rat snakes, various soil bacteria and fungi, loamy soil, and lots of rain in the spring could describe a(n)
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ecosystem
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Ecology is the study of ______
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the interactions between organisms and the physical and chemical environment
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Which growth model takes into account the opposition of environmental factors?
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Logistic Growth Model
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On a global scale the distribution of species is: A. Uniform B. Random C. Clumped
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C. Clumped
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When ecologists study the abiotic components of the environment, they are studying ______ A. All organisms B. All predators C. Soil water and weather D. All organisms, soil, water and weather
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C. soil, water, and weather
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When will replacement production result in population growth?
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If there are more young women entering the reproductive years than there are older women leaving them.
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The distribution of the population of the United States would be best described as ______ A. Random B. Uniform C. Clumped
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C. Clumped
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To determine the intrinsic rate of natural increase, it is necessary to consider _______ A. The rate of immigration B. The rate of emigration C. The birth rate and death rate
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the birth rate and death rate
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Populations increase in size when A. The birth rate exceeds the date rate B. Emigration exceeds immigration C. Mortality exceeds natality
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A. The birth rate exceeds the death rate
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Organisms that have only a single reproductive event in their lifetime ________ A. Include most vertebrates, shrubs and trees B. Expend all their energy in reproduction and then die C. Have adapted to a stable environment D. are iteroparous
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B. Expend all their energy in reproduction and then die
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How do limited resources affect a population? A. Increase the rate of natural increase B. The population grows exponentially C. Prevent a population from reaching its carrying capacity D. Prevent a population from reaching its biotic potential
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D. Prevent a population from reaching its biotic potential
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During the stable equilibrium phase of a logistic growth curve, ______ A. growth is slow B. growth is accelerating C. there is little if any growth
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C. there is little if any growth
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The maximum number of individuals of a given species that can be supported by a given area on a sustained basis is known as A. Biotic potential B. Carrying capacity C. Exponential growth D. Environmental Resistance
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B. Carrying capacity
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Non-native species like kudzu experience _____ outside their native area due to a lack of natural predators and their ability to compete more successfully than native species for resources A. Environmental resistance B. extinction c. resource partitioning D. exponential growth
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D. Exponential growth
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The human population has a _____ pattern of growth
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B. Exponential
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K- strategists ______. A. Allocate energy to their own growth and survival and to that of their offspring B. Are small and mature early C. Easily colonize new habitats D. Adapt easily when their normal way of life is destroyed
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A. Allocate energy to their own growth and survival and to that of their offspring
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Which of the following is a density-dependent factor that regulates population size? A. Competition B. Drought C. Accidental fire D. Earthquake
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A. Competition
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An explosion of the white-tailed deer population has caused all of the following problems EXCEPT A. increase in lyme disease which is transmitted by the deer tick B. Increase in food poisoning from eating insufficiently cooked deer meat C. Negatively impacted other species in their range D. Increase in deer- vehicle collisions
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B. Increase in food poisoning from eating unsufficiently cooked deer meat
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A community is A. All members of one species in a particular location B. All autotrophs within the same environment C. A collection of different species that interact with each other in a specific location D. All the abiotic features of an environment
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C. A collection of different species that interact with each other in a specific location
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All of the factors affect a community's composition EXCEPT A. climate B. the supply of inorganic and organic nutrients C. the amount of available space D. Species richness
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D. Species Richness
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According to the model of island biogeography, an equilibrium in species diversity develops when _______ A. The rate of immigration is equal to the rate of emigration B. Species immigration and species extinction rates are equal C. An island is close to the mainland D. A big island is surrounded by many small islands
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B. Species immigration and species extinction rates are equal
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Which of the following statements about islands is true? A. the size of the island does not affect the number of species found on it B. A large island has a greater extinction rate than a small island C. An island close to the mainland will experience more immigration than an island far away D. The distance from the mainland does not affect community diversity
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C. An island close to the mainland will experience more immigration than an island far away
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_______ is when one living organism feeds on another. A. Competition B. Predation C. Parasitism D. Mimicry
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B. Predation
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Where an organism lives and how it interacts with other organisms is the organism's A. Habitat B. Species Richness C. Trophic level D. Ecological Niche
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D. Ecological niche
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A species fundamental niche tends to be _____ than its realized niche A. Smaller B. Larger C. The same
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B. Larger
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Resource partitioning commonly results in all of the following EXCEPT: A. Character displacement B. Allows different species to coexist in the same habitat C. Less competition D. More niche overlap between species
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D. More niche overlap between species
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When two similar species live together in dynamic equilibrium, it is usually through _______ A. Competitive exclusion B. Character displacement C. Niche partitioning
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C. Niche Partitioning
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The divergence in beak size when three populations of finches lived on one island together illustrates _____ A. Character displacement B. Mutualism C. Ongoing interspecific competition D. parasitism
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A. Character displacement
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When one living organism feeds on another, the organism serving as the food source is called the A. Prey B. Predator C. Consumer
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A. Prey
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a predaceous consumer? A. A cow feeding on some grass B. A tapeworm feeding on a dog C. A wolf feeding on an elk D. An owl feeding on a mouse
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A. A cow feeding on some grass
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When the population density of prey increases, _____ A. the population density of the predators increases as well, but lags slightly behind that of the prey B. the predator numbers exceed those of the prey C. Predators are less likely to encounter the prey D. Lack of food for the predator may cause a cycling effect
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A. The population density of the predators increases as well, but lags slightly behind that of the prey
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Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is sedimentary? A. Water B. Nitrogen C. Carbon D. Phosphorous
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D. Phosphorous
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Poisonous animals use _____ to prevent attacks in the first place. A. Camouflage B. Warning coloration C. Flocking together D. Mimicry
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B. Warning coloration
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_____ occurs when one species resembles another that possesses an overt anti-predator defense A. Mimicry B. Warning coloration C. Camouflage D. Startle coloration
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A. mimicry
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When greenhouse gases contribute signifanctly to an overall rise in the Earth's ambient temperature, then: A. Global warming occurs B. the greenhouse effect is minimized C. It is assumed that methane nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide levels are decreasing and water vapor is increasing D. Sea level will fall and rainfall will decrease along the coastal areas of continents and increase in the interior of the continent.
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A. Global warming occurs
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In ecological succession, each successive community prepares the way for the next, according to the ______ model of succession. A. Facilitation B. Inhibition C. Tolerance
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A. Facilitation
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The conversion of nitrate back to nitrogen gas by bacteria living in the anaerobic mud of aquatic ecosystems is: A. Nitrogen fixation B. Denitrification C. Nitrification D. Assimilation
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B. Denitrification
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The climate of a particular region is dictated by all of the following EXCEPT: A. The tilt of the Earth as it orbits the sun B. Topography C. The species diversity in the region D. Proximity to a body of water
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C. The species diversity in the region
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The greatest amounts of rainfall on Earth are _____ A. at about 30 degrees north and south latitude B. near the equator C. at about 60 degrees north and south latitude
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B. Near the equator
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The distribution of biomes in the biosphere is dependent upon all of the following EXCEPT: A. The distribution of land masses and oceans B. Variations in solar radiation reception C. Topographical features D. Species composition in the region
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D. Species composition in the region
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The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun during the ______ A. Vernal equinox B. Winter solstice C. Autumnal Equinox D. Summer solstice
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B. Winter solstice
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Similar mean annual temperatures are found in all of the following biomes EXCEPT: A. Savanna B. Temperate rain forest C. Tropical seasonal forest D. Tropical rain forest
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B. Temperate rain forest
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A biome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. a characteristic group of animals B. definitive demarcations C. specific environmental conditions D. a characteristic group of plants
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B. Definitive demarcations
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A biome with a deep layer of fertile topsoil is a ____ A. tropical rainforest B. cold northern coniferous forest C. temperate grassland D. tundra
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C. temperate grassland
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Based on mean annual precipitation, the temperate deciduous forest is comparable to a ______ A. desert B. tropical seasonal forest C. tropical rain forest D. semidesert
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B. Tropical seasonal forest
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The taiga is typified by ____ A. permafrost B. conifers C. deciduous trees D. epiphytes
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B. Conifers
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A plant that grows on another plant is called an _____ A. epicotyl B. epidermis C. epiphyte D. epigottis
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C. epiphyte
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All of the following characterize the trees in the tropical rainforest EXCEPT: A. Allow much sunlight to filter through their canopy B. Become very tall: 15-50 meters or more C. May be supported by lianas or woody vines D. Have broad leaves
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A. allow much sunlight to filter through their canopy
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The biome with the greatest variety and number of herbivores is the A. Old growth forest of the pacific coast B. Arctic Tundra C. African savanna D. Shrublands
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C. African savanna
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Which of the following is associated with an El Nino- Southern Oscillation? A. Drought in India and Africa B. Hurricanes on the east coast of the United States C. A bountiful Peruvian harvest of anchovies off the coast of Peru D. Upwelling of cold water to the surface off the coast of South America
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A. Drought in India and Africa
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The abyssal plain is characterized by _____ A. an absense of living things B. numerous phytoplankton c. hydrothermal vents that support communities of organisms D. a variety of seaweed
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C. hydrothermal vents that support communities of organisms
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The trade winds are a result of ____ A. variations in solar reception B. the tilt of the earth's axis as it rotates around the sun C. the spinning of the earth on its axis D. permafrost
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C. the spinning of the earth on its axis
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Which of the following statements about lake stratification is NOT true? A. deep lakes are stratified in summer and winter in the temperate zone B. surface water receive nutrients from deep waters during spring and fall overturn C. the surface layer is called the hypolimnion D. ice formation begins at the top
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C. the surface layer is called the hypolimnion (NOT TRUE!)
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Which lake zone does NOT receive light? A. profundal zone B. Litoral zone C. limnetic zone
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A. profundal zone
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Free-drifting photosynthetic microscopic organisms are called ______ A. benthos B. zooplankton C. phytoplankton D. consumers
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C. phytoplankton
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Conservation biology is specifically concerned with all of the following EXCEPT: A. developing scientific concepts about the nature and evolutionary origin of biodiversity B. preserving and managing ecosystems C. studying the effect of of cigarette smoke on human lungs
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C. Studying the effect of cigarette smoke on human lungs
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Which of the following ethical principles is supported by conservation biology? A. Extinctions due to human actions are acceptable B. Ecosystems should be simplified so they are more manageable C. Biodiversity is desirable for the biosphere and humans D. Biodiversity generated by evolutionary change has no real practical benefit and is therefore not of real value
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C. Biodiversity is desirable for biosphere and humans
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It is estimated that in the next 20-50 years, ______ of all species now living will become extinct unless action is taken. A. 1% B. 10-20% C. 50-60% D. 90-95%
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B. 10-20%
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What group of organisms has the greatest number of described species? A. Primates B. Flowering plants C. Fish D. Insects
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D. Insects
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Many people treasure dolphins for their beauty and willingness to interact with man, and are therefore motivated to preserve this species. This is an example of a: A. Keystone species B. Exotic species C. Parasitism D. Flagship species
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D. Flagship species
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A group of interacting ecosystems is referred to as: A. 5% B. 44% C. 75% D. 90%
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B. 44%
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A population that has limited _____ diversity is much more likely to become extinct A. Genetic B. Community C. Landscape D. Ecosystem
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A. Genetic
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Potent chemicals from the ____, are used to treat Hodgkin's disease and childhood leukemia. A. Rosy periwinkle B. Horseshoe crab C. Penicillium D. Armadillo
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A. Rosy periwinkle
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An endangered species is one that is: A. likely to become extinct in the near future B. likely to become extinct in the immediate future in all, or almost all, of its range C. likely to increase in number as its range becomes larger D. changes its habitat because of the imminent danger of predators
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B. Likely to become extinct in the immediate future in all, or almost all, of its range
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Which of the following is a goal of restoration ecology? A. To use scientific means to return ecosystems to their state prior to habitat degradation B. Find new species with which to restock damaged ecosystems C. Remove humans from the most severely damaged ecosystems D. Replace keystone species with flagship species
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A. to use scientific means to return ecosystems to their state prior to habitat degradation
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As a habitat patch decreases in size: A. a decreasing amount of patch is influenced by the edge effect B. there is no difference in the amount of patch that is influenced by the edge effect C. an increasing amount of patch is influenced by the edge effect D. the edge effect does not apply in this situation
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C. an increasing amount of patch is influenced by the edge effect
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A population that lives in a favorable area and has a birth rate higher than the death rate is called a _____population. A. meta B. source C. sink
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B. source
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A study that examined imperial U.S. plants and animals found that _____ was the greatest threat to these species. A. disease B. habitat loss C. pollution D. overexploitation
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B. habitat loss
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The overfishing of perch and herring resulted in all of the following EXCEPT: A. a decline in the seals and sea lions that eat perch and herring B. exponential growth of sea urchins, which are usually consumed by sea otters C. increased consumption of sea otters by orcas in lieu of seals and sea lions D. kelp beds increased in number and size
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D. kelp beds increased in number and size
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Global warming is caused by ______ A. an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels B. reforestation C. decrease in methane production D. the hole in the ozone layer
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A. an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels
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Nonylphenols ______. A. harm wildlife by mimicking hormones B. cause lake eutrophication C. deplete the ozone layer v D. are contributing to global warming
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B. cause lake eutrophication
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Acid deposition _______. A. is only a problem in the actual area where sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are emitted B. Occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide combine with water vapor in the atmosphere to produce acid precipitation C. stimulates the growth of the plants D. has increased the biodiversity in many lakes in the northern U.S.
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B. Occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide combine with water vapor in the atmosphere to produce acid precipitation
