Lecture Exam 1 – INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – Flashcards
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major elements found in the body-96% of body mass
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oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
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What is oxygen's % of total body mass
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65.0%
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What is carbon's % of total body bass
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18.5%
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What is hydrogen's % of total body mass
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9.5%
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What is nitrogen's % of total body mass
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3.2%
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What is the percentage of breakdown of water vs. inorganic substances vs organic substances
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water is 60% inorganic is 2% organic is 38%
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What is the difference between elements and atoms
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each element consists of atoms
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Ionic bond
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a chemical bond that forms as a result of the mutual attraction of oppositely charged atoms, forms when one atoms donates one or more outer-shell electrons to another atom.
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covalent bond
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a bond in which sharing of atoms electrons between 2 atoms is unequal - can be polar or non polar.
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non polar covalent bond
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Methane is an example - when 2 atoms of the same element share electrons equally.
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polar covalent bond
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Water is an example - sharing of electrons between two atoms is unequal-atom with stronger attraction has partial negative charge - the atom with lesser attraction has partial positive charge.
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Hydrogen bond
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weak compared to ionic and covalent. forms polar covalent bonds usually between H, O, and N.
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Important life properties of water
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high heat capacity, reactivity (solvent, hydrolysis, dehydration, high heat vaporization, polar solvent properties, cushioning
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What is the chemical structure of water
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2 hydrogen atoms and one oxyen atom in a polar covalent bond. Postive charge.
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exergonic chemical reaction
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a chemical reaction that releases more energy than absorbed and is often used to drive an endergonic reaction. (ATP is an example)
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endergonic chemical reaction
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a chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than they release.
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pH
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measures a solutions acidity or alkalinity.
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Homeostatic control pH of blood
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7.35-7.45
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death occurs between what numbers on pH scale?
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less than 6.8 and greater than 7.8
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If a solution a low pH it means it is _______
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acidic
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If a solution has a high pH it means it is _______
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alkaline
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A solution that is acidic has a higher amount of _________
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hydrogen+
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A solution that is alkaline has a higher amount of _________
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OH (-) hydroxide ions
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A change of one whole number on the pH scale represents a tenfold change in the number of H ions.
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ph of 4 means that a solution contains 1x10^(-4) of a molecule of Hydrogen ions per liter ph of 8 means that a solutions contains 1x10^(-8) of molecules of hydrogen ions per liter
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Buffer System
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A group of chemicals in the body that work together to maintain normal pH levels in tissues and body fluids by removing or adding H+.
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What is a very important buffer system in the body (blood)?
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Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate buffer system.
