Leadership and change final chapters 1-6 – Flashcards
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According to some leadership experts, leadership:
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A. is an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to.
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Which of the following best defines leadership?
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D. The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals
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The interactional framework for analyzing leadership includes:
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A. followers, leaders, and situations.
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What is the reason behind the usage of the phrase "desirable opportunities" in one of the definitions of leadership?
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A. To distinguish between leadership and tyranny
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Which of the following is true of the leadership definitions?
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Various definitions illustrate that many factors affect leadership
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Which of the following statements about the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is most likely false?
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Effective leadership involves actions based exclusively on reason and logic.
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Which term is most often associated with the word "management"?
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Efficiency
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Leadership is most associated with:
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D. vision.
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Which of the following is a conventional distinction that is made between managers and leaders?
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Managers maintain, while leaders develop.
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Which statement about leaders and managers is most likely false?
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C. Leaders accept the status quo; managers challenge it.
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Which of the following statements is true of leadership and management?
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A. Leadership and management have both unique functions and an area of overlap.
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Which of the following statements about common sense is most likely true?
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A challenge of leadership is to know when common sense applies and when it does not
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Which of the following statement about leadership is most likely true?
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Natural characteristics or talents can offer certain leadership advantages or disadvantages
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Which statement about in-groups and out-groups is most likely correct?
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C. In-group members are loyal and committed to a leader.
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What is Hollander's approach to leadership called?
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Transactional
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Which statement about followership styles is most likely true?
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Pragmatist followers tend to be mediocre performers.
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What best describes the leader-follower relationship?
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leadership and followership merge and are linked concepts.
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Ideal followers are most likely to be perceived as:
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A. independent.
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In a complex situation, what is the leader's most important role?
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Increase levels of interaction and communication
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Schein's classic study of sex roles:
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demonstrated how bias in sex role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles.
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Leadership development is enhanced when experience involves the three processes of:
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action, observation, and reflection.
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Which statement about perceptual sets is most likely FALSE?
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B. Perceptual sets are the tendency to perceive everything.
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In perception, which term refers to the process of assigning underlying causes to behaviors?
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A. Attribution
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Crediting your own successes to dispositional factors and others' successes to factors in the environment are aspects of:
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fundamental attribution error.
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People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error. This is called
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actor/observer difference
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Which statement about the reflection component of the A-O-R model is most likely FALSE
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A. The importance of reflection in leadership development is rarely addressed by scholars.
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A situation in which one's expectations or predictions help determine the very results predicted is referred to as:
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self-fulfilling prophecy.
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Which term refers to a kind of learning between the individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions?
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Single-loop learning
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Which of the following involves confronting your beliefs, inviting others to challenge you, and working on personal blind spots?
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Double-loop learning
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What is a frequent lesson learned by both men and women from their career experiences?
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Handling political situations
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Leadership studies programs at the university-level:
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are increasingly popular at many liberal-arts institutions
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_____ describe leadership situations and are used as vehicles for leadership discussions
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Case studies
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What is most likely an advantage of role playing in leadership development programs
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Provides greater transferability to the workplace
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Leadership training programs for mid-level managers are LEAST likely to focus on improving _____ skills.
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strategic planning
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Which of the following involves participants being given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, phone messages, and letters?
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In-basket exercises
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In leaderless group discussions, facilitators and observers rate participants and provide feedback about _____ skills.
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interpersonal
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Which statement about action learning is most likely FALSE?
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D. Action learning involves attending classes, watching videotapes, and working in teams to create development plans for the firm.
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In the informal coaching process, a leader is most likely to help a follower to grow skills by
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creating a coaching plan.
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In the informal coaching process, a leader is most likely to inspire commitment from a follower by _____.
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reviewing performance appraisals
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The process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage younger organizational colleagues is called:
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mentoring.
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New leaders have two critical tasks the first day on the job: to meet their new boss and new team. Which of the following topics should LEAST likely be discussed with the new boss?
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Your assessment of the team's strengths and weaknesses
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When a team has fewer than 15 people, what should new leaders do during the first two weeks?
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Meet one-on-one with direct reports and group stars
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According to the new leader onboarding roadmap, within the first two weeks, leaders should:
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meet all team members
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During the first two weeks new leaders will want to have one-on-one meetings with their direct reports. Which of the following is a topic that should LEAST likely be discussed in those meetings?
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What do team members like to do during their free time?
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During the first two weeks on the job, a new leader should schedule one-on-one meetings with peers. Which of the following issues should most likely be discussed with peers?
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How issues are raised and decisions made on their boss's team
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What is the fastest way to alter the culture and norms of a team?
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Change the people in the team
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Why should task forces that are formed to work on key change initiatives be staffed by stars?
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Improves the odds of good recommendations being made
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Which of the following is the LEAST likely way to learn from your leadership experience?
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Holding regular staff meetings
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During the third month, leaders of large teams should have separate second meeting with direct reports that are held off-site. Which of the following is NOT one of the key issues that should be discussed with the direct reports during these meetings?
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Identifying personal career goals
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Which of the following is NOT an example of behaviors that could be considered a "10 percent stretch"?
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Using a motivational practice that has been very successful in the past
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What is most likely an outcome of regularly practicing a 10 percent stretch?
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Decreasing apprehensions about trying new activities
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What is most likely a benefit of keeping a journal?
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Documenting ideas for future speeches
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Technical competence is especially important for first-line supervisors because they:
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spend a great amount of time training their followers.
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Why do followers most likely need to have a high level of technical competence?
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Technical expertise plays a key role in supervisors' performance appraisal ratings of subordinates.
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Which statement is most likely true about followers and superiors having effective working relationships?
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Superiors and followers with good relationships tend to experience less conflict.
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Which of the following would LEAST likely help a subordinate to better understand their superior's world
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Meeting with the superior's boss to evaluate their interaction and relationship
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Which of the following would be the best way to establish and maintain good peer relationships?
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Recognize common interests and goals
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Which of the following statements about GAPS analysis is most likely true?
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The perceptions component of a GAPS analysis concerns how your abilities, skills, and behaviors affect others.
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Based on the research of Peterson and Hicks, which statement about the development planning process is most likely FALSE?
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The second phase in development planning requires conducting a formal GAPS analysis
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Which of the following is NOT one of the seven specific steps for creating high-impact development plans?
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Scheduling regular meetings with your superior
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Which of the following refers to one person's actual behaviors designed to change another person's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors?
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Influence tactics
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Influence is best defined as the:
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degree of actual change in a target agent's values
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Many aspects of office arrangements can affect a leader's or follower's power. Which of the following statements is true in relation to this statement?
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Individuals sitting at the ends of rectangular tables often wield more power.
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A leader who has developed close interpersonal relationships with followers generally uses _____ power to influence them.
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referent
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_____ power is a function of the amount of knowledge one possesses relative to the rest of the members of a group
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Expert
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When students respond positively to requests from teachers who are well-liked and respected, it can be inferred that the teachers have:
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referent power.
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Which of the following statements is most likely true of legitimate power?
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Legitimate power depends on a person's organizational role.
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Which of the following is an intrinsic reward?
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Personal growth
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The ability to control others through the fear of punishment or the loss of valued outcomes is known as:
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coercive power.
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A police officer giving a speeding ticket to a driver is most likely using:
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coercive power.
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Followers are more likely to use _____ power to change their leader's behavior if they have a relatively high amount of referent power with their fellow co-workers.
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coercive
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Research findings by French and Raven indicate that leaders who rely primarily on _____ and _____ power have subordinates who are more motivated and satisfied, are absent less, and perform better
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referent; expert
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Which of the following statements concerning power and influence is most likely FALSE?
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Leaders in well-functioning firms are rarely influenced by their subordinates
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_____ is exercised in the service of higher goals to others or organizations and often involves self-sacrifice toward those ends
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Socialized power
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A politician's advisor explains how demographic changes in the politician's district make it important for the politician to spend more time in the district seeing constituents than she has in the past. This is an example of:
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a rational persuasion
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Which of the following is occurring when agents ask targets to participate in planning an activity?
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Consultation
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A judge who gives a convicted prisoner a suspended sentence but tells him to consider the suspension a "sword hanging over your head" if he breaks the law again is using:
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pressure tactics.
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Rational tactics are most likely used by a person when
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the benefits are organizational as well as personal
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Coalition tactics are most likely exhibited when agents:
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seek the aid of others to influence the target.
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People typically use hard tactics when:
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an influencer has the upper hand.
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What are the four qualities of leadership that engender trust according to Bennis and Goldsmith
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Vision, empathy, consistency, and integrity
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Leaders who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and a common sense of organizational purpose and belonging are most likely exhibiting:
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vision.
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Which of the following best describes ethics?
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Principles of right conduct
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A manager with a _____ orientation will most likely rely on coercive methods to motivate workers such as punishments and threats
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Theory X
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Theory Y reflects a view that most people:
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are intrinsically motivated by their work
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Values are most likely:
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learned through socialization
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In general, members of the Veteran generation
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grew up during World War II
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In general, members of the Baby Boomer generation
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are ambitious and loyal to organizations.
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Which generation of workers tends to be technologically savvy, independent, and skeptical of institutions and hierarchy?
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Gen Xers
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Which term refers to the generation of workers born after 1982?
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Millennials
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Gen Xers have a tendency to define leadership as:
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giving employees what they need to work well and comfortabl
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A doctor learns that a patient has a highly contagious disease that poses a threat to the entire metropolitan area. However, the doctor is uncertain about sharing the information with city officials because of patient privacy concerns. Which ethical dilemma does the doctor most likely face?
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Individual versus community
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Ends-based thinking is best characterized as:
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D. "Doing what's best for the greatest number of people."
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Terrorists may call themselves "freedom fighters," and firing someone may be referred to as "letting him go." These are both examples of:
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euphemistic labeling.
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_____ involves reinterpreting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.
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Moral justification
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Which of the following best describes attribution of blame?
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B. Justifying immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions
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An authentic leader will most likely
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have a realistic self-perception.
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What is the main criticism of servant leadership?
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Serving employees conflicts with the realistic goals of organizations.
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A leader who takes action to maintain ethical standards in the face of questionable moral behaviors by superiors is most likely exhibiting
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upward ethical leadership.
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Relationships that lack trust are characterized by self-protective efforts to control and verify each other's behavior. This statement most likely relates to the _____ level of principle-centered leadership
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interpersonal
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I remain calm in pressure situations." This behavioral aspect corresponds to which OCEAN personality dimension?
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Neuroticism
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In the OCEAN model, the personality dimension concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, and assimilating new information is known as:
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openness to experience
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According to the OCEAN model, individuals who appear to be socially clueless, insensitive, pessimistic, and grumpy may be low in:
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agreeableness.
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Leaders lower in neuroticism tend to:
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hide their emotions.
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Which of the following statements is most likely accurate concerning the thinking-feeling dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test?
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Thinking leaders like to analyze, criticize, and approach decisions impersonally and objectively.
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Which of the following statements is most likely true of intelligence?
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Intelligence and intelligence testing are extremely controversial topics in the social sciences today
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Which of the following is NOT a type of intelligence identified in the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
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Strategic Intelligence
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What characteristic is most likely associated with people who have higher levels of analytic intelligence?
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Learning quickly
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A leader who has extensive knowledge and experience in leading a pharmaceutical research team may feel uncomfortable and unprepared when asked to lead a major fund-raising effort for a charitable institution. This example illustrates that practical intelligence is most likely:
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domain specific
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The ability to produce work that is both novel and useful is called
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creative intelligence.
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Most intelligence and aptitude tests are good examples of:
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convergent thinking.
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People like to have some sense of control over their work. Micro-managing staff will help to either create yea-sayers or cause people to mentally disengage from work." Which creativity killer does this statement exemplify?
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A. Taking away all discretion and autonomy
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By discouraging cross-functional collaboration, leaders can most likely guarantee that followers will:
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only offer up tried and true solutions to problems
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Which theory explains the interesting relationships between leader intelligence and experience levels, and group performance in stressful versus nonstressful conditions?
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Cognitive resources theory
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All of the following are accepted among the major definitions of emotional intelligence EXCEPT:
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the ability to react to stressful situations and adapt appropriately to obtain positive, long-term outcomes.
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According to Goleman, self-control, trustworthiness, conscientiousness, adaptability, and innovation correspond to:
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self-regulation
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According to Reuvan Bar-On, reality testing, flexibility, and problem-solving relate to
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adaptability.
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Which of the following is a measure of the ability model of emotional intelligence that asks subjects to recognize the emotions depicted in pictures
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MSCEIT
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According to Goleman's conceptualization of emotional intelligence (EQ), the 'change catalyst' attribute likely corresponds to which OCEAN correlate
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Extraversion
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Which of the following statements concerning intelligence is most likely true?
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Most research shows that leaders possess higher levels of analytic intelligence than the general population.
