Latin Questions – Flashcards
108 test answers
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my, our, your, his, her, its, their
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What words in English are possessive adjectives?
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What noun does the adjective describe?
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When you see an adjective in a Latin sentence, what do you have to ask yourself?
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with the same gender, number, and case
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To find the noun that an adjective describes, you look for a noun
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a principal part
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In a verb's vocabulary entry, what is each Latin word called?
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the words in the verb's vocab entry
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When we talk about the "principal parts" of a verb, what are we talking about?
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a set of endings for a verb
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What is a conjugation?
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1st or 2nd or 3rd or 4th or irregular
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How are verbs classified by conjugation?
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look at the second principal part
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How do you figure out a verb's conjugation?
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everything in the verb's 1st principal part except the -ō, -eō, or -iō
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What is the base of the verb?
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look at the ending of the verb
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If there is no nominative word with a verb, then how do you know what to put before the verb in your translation?
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the last letter(s) of a verb after the base
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What are the personal endings?
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no
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If there is a nominative noun with a verb, should you include "he", "she", "it", or "they" in your translation?
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when the verb happens
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What does the word "tense" mean?
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present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
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What tenses can a Latin verb have?
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the relationship between the nominative and verb
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In grammar, what does "voice" mean?
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the nominative does the action of the verb
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What does the "active voice" mean?
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the nominative receives the action of the verb
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What does the "passive voice" mean?
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an adjective formed from a verb
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What is a participle?
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verb "to be" plus the perfect passive participle
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How is a passive verb formed in English?
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fill in the blank: "I've ____"
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How do you get the perfect passive participle of an English verb?
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present, imperfect, future, imperative
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What is made from the first principal part of a verb?
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two ways for active, two ways for passive Active: I send / I am sending Passive: I am sent / I am being sent
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How many ways are there to translate the present tense, and what are they?
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It gives a command.
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What does an imperative verb do?
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just the verb
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How should an imperative be translated?
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imperatives of dīcō, dūcō, faciō, ferō "dīc, dūc, fac, fer: Drop the e that should be there!"
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What are the forms dīc, dūc, fac, fer?
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present active infinitive
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What is the second principal part of a verb?
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"to" verb
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How should a present infinitive be translated?
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replace the final "e" with "ī"
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In the 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations, what change can be made to the second principal part?
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present passive infinitive
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In the 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations, when the final -e of the second principal part is replaced by ī, what is the result?
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replace the "ere" with "ī"
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In the 3rd conjugation, what change can be made to the second principal part?
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present passive infinitive
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In the 3rd conjugation, when the final -ere of the second principal part is replaced by ī, what is the result?
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a negative command
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What is made by combining "nōlī" or "nōlīte" with an infinitive?
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don't [verb]
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What does a negative command sound like in English?
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perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
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What is made from the third principal part of a verb?
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two
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How many ways are there to translate the perfect active?
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1. past tense 2. have/has [verb]
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What are the two ways to translate the perfect active?
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had [verb]
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How is the pluperfect tense translated?
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will have [verb]
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How is the future perfect tense translated?
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perfect passive participle
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What is the last principal part of a normal (non-deponent) verb?
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passive
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What voice is anything made from the fourth and last principal part of a Latin verb?
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1. it can be joined to the verb "to be" to make a tense 2. it can be used like an adjective to describe a noun
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What are the two ways that a perfect passive participle can be used in Latin?
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perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
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What tenses are made by joining the fourth and last principal part to the verb "to be"?
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perfect
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What is made by joining the fourth and last principal part to the present tense of "to be"?
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pluperfect
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What is made by joining the fourth and last principal part to the imperfect tense of "to be"?
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future perfect
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What is made by joining the fourth and last principal part to the future tense of "to be"?
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two
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How many ways are there to translate the perfect passive?
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"What noun does the participle describe?"
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After figuring out the meaning, gender, number, and case of a participle, what must you ask?
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look for a noun that has the same gender, number, and case as the participle
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How do you identify the noun that a participle describes?
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the participle and the noun must be next to each other, but either one can come first
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When a participle describes a noun, how should you arrange them in your translation?
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passive forms but active meaning
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What does the term "deponent" mean?
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If the first principal part ends in the letter r, the verb is deponent.
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How does one know whether a verb is deponent?
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it's deponent
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If a verb's first principal part ends in the letter r, what does that tell you?
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look at the second principal part
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How does one know to what conjugation a deponent verb belongs?
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imperative
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When you have a deponent word that ends in the letters -re, what is it?
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imperative
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The present tense of a deponent verb with the ending -minī also does double duty as what?
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perfect deponent participle
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What is the last principal part of a deponent verb?
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having [verb]
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When a perfect deponent participle is used as an adjective to describe a noun, how should it be translated?
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immediately after the noun
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When a perfect deponent participle is used as an adjective to describe a noun, where should it be placed in relation to the noun?
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a verb that does not fit into one of the four conjugations
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What is an irregular verb?
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a word that takes the place of a noun
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What is a pronoun?
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nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
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When a pronoun's vocab entry has five Latin words, what cases are they?
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egō, meī, mihī, mē, mē
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What is the vocab entry for "I" / "me"?
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nōs, nostrī, nōbīs, nōs, nōbīs
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What is the vocab entry for "we" / "us"?
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tū, tuī, tibī, tē, tē
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What is the vocab entry for "you" (singular)?
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vōs, vestrī, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs
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What is the vocab entry for "you" (plural)?
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add -self or -selves
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If the pronouns "I"/ "me", "we"/"us", or "you" appear twice in a sentence in different cases, how can you adjust your translation of the pronoun the second time?
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is, ea, id
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What is the vocab entry for "he" / "she" / "it"?
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he, she, it, his, her, its, him, they, their, them
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When you see any form of the Latin pronoun "is, ea, id", what English pronouns should come to mind?
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case, number, context
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When you are translating any form of the Latin pronoun "is, ea, id", how do you know which English pronoun to use?
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hic, haec, hoc
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What is the vocab entry for "this" / "these"?
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ille, illa, illud
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What is the vocab entry for "that" / "those"?
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---, suī, sibī, sē, sē
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What is the vocab entry for "himself", "herself", "itself", "themselves"?
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himself, herself, itself, themselves
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What are the four possible meanings of ---, suī, sibī, sē, sē?
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consider who's doing the verb
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How do you choose one of the four possible meanings for translating ---, suī, sibī, sē, sē?
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suus, sua, suum
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What is the vocab entry for "his", "her", "its", "their"?
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his, her, its, their
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What are the four possible meanings of suus, sua, suum?
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consider who's doing the verb
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How do you choose one of the four possible meanings for translating suus, sua, suum?
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himself, herself, itself, themselves, myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves
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What are the eight possible meanings of "ipse, ipsa, ipsum"?
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after the noun or pronoun that it describes
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Where should a form of "ipse" be put in your translation?
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it depends on the noun or pronoun that it's describing
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When you are translating any form of the Latin pronoun "ipse, ipsa, ipsum", how do you know which English pronoun to use?
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positive, comparative, superlative
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What are the three degrees of an adjective?
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the basic adjective
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What is meant by the positive degree?
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comparing one thing to another
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What is meant by the comparative degree?
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comparing more than two things
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What is meant by the superlative degree?
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add er to the adjective, or use the word "more" plus the adjective
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In English, what are the two ways to make a comparative adjective?
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add est to the adjective, or use the word "most" plus the adjective
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In English, what are the two ways to make a superlative adjective?
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comparative
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In Latin, what degree of adjective is made adding the letters ior or ius to a positive adjective?
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superlative
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In Latin, what degree of adjective is made by adding the letters issim or errim or illim to a positive adjective?
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"than"
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When an ablative is used near a comparative, how can the ablative often be translated?
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"than"
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When "quam" is used near a comparative, how can "quam" often be translated?
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very [adj.]
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How can a Latin superlative be translated besides using an English superlative?
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a word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb
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What is an adverb?
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add "ly"
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In English, what is the most common way to turn an adjective into an adverb?
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add ē or ter
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In Latin, what are the most common ways to turn an adjective into an adverb?
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an adverb
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In Latin, what is made when ē is added to the base of an adjective of the 1st and 2nd declensions?
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an adverb
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In Latin, what is made when ter is added to the base of an adjective of the 3rd declension?
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use the neuter nominative / accusative singular
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How can a comparative adjective be turned into an adverb?
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comparative adverb
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The neuter nominative / accusative singular of a comparative adjective also serves as what?
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add "more" to the positive adverb
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How is a comparative adverb made in English?
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add "most" to the positive adverb
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How is a superlative adverb made in English?
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"unus nauta"
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The following nine adjectives: ūnus, ūna, ūnum nūllus, nūlla, nūllum ūllus, ūlla, ūllum sōlus, sōla, sōlum neuter, neutra, neutrum alter, altera, alterum uter, utra, utrum tōtus, tōta, tōtum alius, alia, aliud belong to what declension?
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an irregular adjective that generally follows the 1st and 2nd declensions except for two things: the genitive singular of all genders ends in -ius the dative singular of all genders ends in -ī
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What is an "unus nauta" adjective?
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"one / some...the other"
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When two or more forms "alter, altera, alterum" appear in a sentence, how should you usually translate them?
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"one / some...another / other"
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When two or more forms of "alius, alia, aliud" appear in a sentence, how can they sometimes be translated?
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