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Olmecs

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A member of a prehistoric people inhabiting the coast of Veracruz and western Tabasco on the Gulf of Mexico ( c. 1200-400 BC), who established what was probably the first Meso-American civilization.

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Aztecs

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A member of the American Indian people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century.

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Creation and Destruction Myths

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Myths created by prehistoric people (Mayans, Olmecs, Aztecs) that the religious peoples used to strike fear into the people and the use those people to their advantage.

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Quechua

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the language or group of languages of the Quechua.

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Quetzalcoatl

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An Aztec deity represented as a plumed serpent

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Glyphs

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A hieroglyphic character or symbol; a pictograph.

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City States

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A city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

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Montezuma II

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The last Aztec emperor in Mexico who was overthrown and killed by Hernando Cortes (1466-1520)

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Tlachtli

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The Meso-American ballgame or ōllamaliztli in Nahuatl was a brutal sport with ritual associations played since 1,400 B.C. by the pre-Colombian peoples of Ancient Mexico and Central America.

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Tenochtitlan

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Tenochtitlan was an Aztec altepetl located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the capital of the expanding Mexica Empire in the 15th century, until captured by the Spanish in 1521.

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Eagle and Jaguar Warriors

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Jaguar: Members of the Aztec military.[2] They were a type of Aztec warrior called a cuāuhocēlōtl Eagle: Were a special class of infantry soldier in the Aztec army, one of the two leading military orders in Aztec society.

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Theocracy

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A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

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Native Crops

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A term to describe plants endemic (indigenous) or naturalized to a given area in geologic time.

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Conquistadors

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A conqueror, esp. one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

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Vasco de Gama

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A Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India.

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Bartolomeu Dias

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A nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first European known to have done so.

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Francisco Pizarro

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Francisco Pizarro González was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire.

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Hernando Cortez

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A Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland.

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Amerigo Vespucci

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An Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who made a map of North America, and his signature was misread leading to the US being called "America".

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Christopher Colombus

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Marco Polo

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Marco Polo was an Italian merchant traveller from Venice whose travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde, a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China.

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Ferdinand Magellan

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Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who became known for having organised the expedition that resulted in the first circumnavigation of the Earth

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Eurasians

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A person of mixed European (or European-American) and Asian parentage.

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Genocide

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The deliberate killing of a large group of people, esp. those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

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Spanish Social Classes

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Domesticated Animals

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Any of various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human environment.

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Encomienda

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A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.

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Batolome de las Casas

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Century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar. He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians".

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Viceroyalties

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The office, position, or authority of a viceroy.

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Saint Dominque

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Toussaint L'Ouverture

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Also Toussaint Bréda, Toussaint-Louverture, or Toussaint L'ouverture, was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen transformed an entire society of slaves into the independent black state of Haiti.

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Father Hidalgo

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Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor, more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or simply Miguel Hidalgo, was a Mexican priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence. As a priest, Hidalgo served in a church in Dolores, Mexico.

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Simon Bolivar

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Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Blanco, commonly known as Simón Bolívar, was a military and political leader.

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Jose Gaspar de Francia

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Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco was a Paraguayan lawyer and politician, and one of the first leaders of Paraguay following its independence from Spain.

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Monroe Doctrine

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The Monroe Doctrine was a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.

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Adams-Onis Treaty

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The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty or the Purchase of Florida, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that gave Florida to the U.S. and set out a boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

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Heretic

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A person believing in or practicing religious heresy.

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Caudillo

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(in Spanish-speaking regions) A military or political leader.

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Santa Anna

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Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)

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The Alamo

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A siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836; Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico.

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The Mexican-American War

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The Mexican-American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.-Mexican War, the Invasion of Mexico, the U.S. Intervention, or the United States War Against Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S.

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Cinco de Mayo

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The fifth of May which is observed in Mexico and Mexican-American communities in the United States to commemorate the Mexican victory over the French in the Battle of Puebla in 1862.

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Maximilian I

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Maximilian I, the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky.

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Gabriel Moreno

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An Ecuadorian politician who twice served as President of Ecuador (1859-65 and 1869-75) and was assassinated during his second term, after being elected to a third.

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Great Export Boom

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United Fruit Company

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The United Fruit Company was an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit grown on Central and South American plantations and sold in the United States and Europe.

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Banana Republic

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A small nation, esp. in Central America, dependent on one crop or the influx of foreign capital.

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Jose Marti

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José Julián Martí Pérez is the Cuban national hero and an important figure in Latin American literature. In his short life he was a poet, an essayist, a journalist, a revolutionary philosopher, a translator, a professor, a publisher, and a political theorist.

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Theodore Roosevelt

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Roosevelt: 26th President of the United States; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration.

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USS Maine

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USS Maine (SSBN-741) is a United States Navy Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine in commission since 1995.

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Spanish-American War

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A war between the United States and Spain in 1898

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Panama Canal

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A ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

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Gunboat Diplomacy

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Foreign policy that is supported by the use or threat of military force.

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Francisco Madero

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Francisco Indalecio Madero González was a Mexican statesman, writer and revolutionary who served as 33rd President of Mexico from 1911 until his assassination in 1913.

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Emiliano Zapata

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Zapata: Mexican revolutionary who led a revolt for agrarian reforms (1879-1919)

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Pancho Villa

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Was one of the most prominent Mexican Revolutionary generals.

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Mexican Revolution

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A revolution for agrarian reforms led in northern Mexico by Pancho Villa and in southern Mexico by Emiliano Zapata (1910-1911)

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The "Big Four"

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Third World Nations

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The term Third World arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO, or the Communist Bloc.

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Jacobo Arbenz

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Colonel Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as Defense Minister of Guatemala from 1944 to 1951, and as President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954.

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Fidel Castro

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Castro: Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba.

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Che Guvera

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Guevara: an Argentine revolutionary leader who was Fidel Castro's chief lieutenant in the Cuban revolution; active in other Latin American countries; was captured and executed by the Bolivian army.

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Communism

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A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

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Bay of Pigs

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Bay of Pigs is an EP by Destroyer released on August 19th 2009, on 12" vinyl.

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Cuban Missle Crisis

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The Cuban missile crisis—known as the October crisis in Cuba and the Caribbean crisis in the former USSR—was a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the United States on the other side.

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Neocolonialism

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The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, esp. former dependencies.

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Populism

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The political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite.

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Evita Peron

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María Eva Duarte de Perón was the second wife of Argentine President Juan Perón and served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is usually referred to as Eva Perón, or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita.

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Favelas

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A Brazilian shack or shanty town; a slum.

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CIA

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