Last mastering assignment – Flashcards

When did the United States declare a "war on cancer" by passing the National Cancer Act? 1994 1971 2005 2008

Which of the following is closest to the current average annual death rate from cancer in the United States? 8 million 28 thousand 62 thousand 580 thousand

Based on the information in the video, which of the following correctly answers these three questions: What was the leading cause of death in the United States in the early 1970s? What is the leading cause of death in the United States today? What is predicted to be the leading cause of death in the United States 10 years from now? automobile accidents; cardiovascular disease; HIV/AIDS cancer; cardiovascular disease; cancer bacterial infections; automobile accidents; cancer cancer; HIV/AIDS; cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease; cancer; bacterial infections

Since 1991, deaths from breast and colorectal cancer in the United States are down 35%. What is the main reason for this? more people are eating right and exercising new treatments better screening the increase in Type 2 diabetes

Why is the "personalized care" plan described in the video, in which treatments are tailored for each individual, much more promising than previous treatment plans? each person's tolerance to cancer medications is different not all health insurance plans cover cancer treatments today's cancer is resistant to old treatments the genetic mutations that cause cancer vary from patient to patient

Which of the following organisms would be most similar to humans in a study that involved the response of cancer cells to various medications? fruit flies rabbits primates bacteria lab rats

Which of the following best describes the advantages of the personalized care technique described in the video? Primates make the best models for studying cancer because they are so much like humans and have the same types of cancers that humans have. The Ames test is the best method for studying cancer, because each patient can have his or her own petri dish with bacteria. These bacteria can then be injected into patients as a cancer treatment. Fruit flies make excellent models because we can create a strain of flies with a specific type of tumor, then raise thousands of flies in order to test the effects of medications. Lab animals like rats and rabbits are the best models for studying cancer because they breed faster than any other organism.

Which of the following problems during DNA replication is being illustrated with the kids in the video? DNA replication only occurs in cancer cells. DNA replication is a very random process, and many mistakes are made. Nucleotides at the ends of the DNA strands are lost when DNA replicates. Within a chromosome, there is more telomerase than there is DNA.

What are telomeres? "junk DNA" present throughout the length of our chromosomes regions of DNA at the end of chromosomes which do not code for making proteins protein caps found on the ends of chromosomes DNA sequences which code for making proteins that regulate cell division

Many enzymes are named for the substrate on which they work, either to build or disassemble molecules. Also, enzyme names often end in "-ase." For example, lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose. With a name like "telomerase," we can deduce that telomerase is probably: an enzyme that regulates the assembly of DNA at the ends of chromosomes some type of a nucleotide that codes for protein, perhaps DNA or RNA a protein that tells the cell when to divide and produce new cells an enzyme that chains sugars together to make starches, to provide food for the cell

How is the aging process linked to telomeres? Cells with short telomeres can no longer divide, so damaged tissues cannot be repaired. When telomeres get too long, a signal is sent to the gene to stop the production of all proteins. When a person ages, they begin to get larger and larger telomeres. There is only a link between the aging process and telomeres in naked mole rats - but not in humans.

Which cells are most likely to have the gene for making telomerase switched on? The cells in a developing embryo. The muscle cells of a woman who is 80 years old. The skin cells of a 28 year old person. The nerve cells of a 55 year old man.

Which of the following is NOT true about naked mole rats? They can survive in burrows with high levels of carbon dioxide. They often live for 30 years. Their cells do not produce telomerase. They seem to be resistant to getting cancer.

Which of the following has the greatest potential as a cancer treatment? Find a way to turn on the gene for making telomerase in normal cells, so that the normal cells would soon outnumber the cancer cells. Find a way to turn on the gene for making telomerase in cancer cells, since they will be unable to divide if their telomeres are too long. Find a way to turn off the gene for making telomerase in all cells in embryos, so that they never develop cancer. Find a way to turn off the gene for making telomerase in cancer cells, since the cells would stop dividing when the telomeres were gone.