Language of Medicine Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Ileum
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Third part of the small intestine
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Ilium
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Part of the hip bone
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Urethra
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The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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Ureter
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One of two tubes each leading from a single kidney and inserting into the urinary bladder
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Cephalgia
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Headache
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Root
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The foundation of the word (all medical terms have one or more roots)
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Suffix
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Word ending (all medical terms have a suffix)
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Combining vowel
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Usually, O, (links the root to the suffix or the root to another root. The combining vowel is dropped before a suffix that begins with a vowel. It will be retained between two root words even if the second root begins with a vowel.
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Electrocardiogram
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Electr/ (root) meaning electricity. O/ combining vowel. Cardi/ (root) meaning heart. O/ combining vowel. Gram (suffix) meaning record. Record of the electricity of the heart.
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Hematology
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Hemat/ (root) meaning blood. O/ combining vowel. /logy (suffix) meaning process of study. Process of study of blood.
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Gastritis
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Gastr/ (root) meaning stomach. Itis (suffix) meaning inflammation. Inflammation of the stomach.
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Gastroenterology
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Gastr/ (root) meaning stomach. O/ combining vowel. Enter/ (root) meaning intestine. O/ combining vowel. Logy/ (suffix) meaning process of study. Process of the study of the stomach and intestines.
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Three general rules to remember
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1. Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across. 2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Gastritis not gastritis. 3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology not gastrenterology.
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Combining form
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The root plus the combining vowel. Hemat/o means blood (root plus combining vowel = combining form) Gastr/o means stomach (root plus combining vowel = combining form) Cardi/o means heart (root plus combining vowel = combining form)
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Prefix
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Small part that is attached to the beginning of a term. Not all medical terms contain a prefix. Hypo/ (prefix) meaning below. Gastr/ (root) meaning stomach. Ic/ (suffix) meaning pertaining to Epi/ (prefix) meaning above. Gastr/ (root) meaning stomach. Ic/ (suffix) meaning pertaining to.
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Important elements of medical terms
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1. Root: foundation of term 2. Suffix: word ending 3. Prefix: word beginning 4. Combining vowel: vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root 5. Combining form: combination of the root and the combining vowel.
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Aden/o
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Meaning gland; adenoma: tumor of a gland. The suffix -oma means tumor or mass
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Adenitis
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Aden = gland / itis = inflammation (inflammation of a gland)
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Arthr/o
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Arthr/ = joint; itis= inflammation. Arthritis = inflammation of the joint.
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Bi/o
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Meaning life.
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-logy
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The suffix -logy is composed of the root log (study) and the final suffix -y (process or condition)
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Biology
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Study of the process of life
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Biopsy
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Viewing of life
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-opsy
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The suffix -opsy means process of viewing. Living tissue is removed from the body and viewed under a microscope.
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Carcin/o
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Meaning cancerous, cancer.
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-oma
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Tumor, mass, swelling
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Carcinoma
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Cancerous tumor. Carcinomas Grow from epithelial (surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body.
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Cardi/o
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Heart
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Cardiology
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Study of the heart
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Cephal/o
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Head
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-ic
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Means pertaining to.
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Cephalic
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Means pertaining to the head.
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Cerebr/o
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Meaning cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
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-al
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The suffix -al means pertaining to
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Cerebral
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Means pertaining to the largest part of the brain.
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Cis/o
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To cut
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In-
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Means into
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-ion
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Means process
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Incision
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Process of cutting into
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Ex-
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Prefix means out
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Excision
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Process of cutting out
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Crin/o
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To secret (to form and give off)
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Endo-
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Means within; endocrine glands( e.g. thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands) secrete hormones directly within (into) the bloodstream.
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Endocrine glands
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Gland that secrets within
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Cyst/o
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Urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst ( sac containing fluid)
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-scopy
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A complex suffix that includes the root scop, meaning visual examination, and the final suffix -y meaning process.
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Cystoscopy
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The process of the visual examination of the bladder.
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Cyt/o
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Meaning cell
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Cytology
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The process of the study of cells
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Derm/o
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Meaning skin
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Dermatitis
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Inflammation of the skin
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Dermat/o
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Meaning skin
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Hypo/derm/ic
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Pertaining to the skin under or below
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Electr/o
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Meaning electricity
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Electr/o/cardio/gram
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Record of the hearts electricity
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Encephal/o
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Meaning brain
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Electr/o/encephal/o/gram
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Record of the brain's electricity
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Enter/o
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Meaning intestines (usually the small intestine
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Enter/itis
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Inflammation of the small intestines
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Erythr/o
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Meaning red
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Erythr/o/cyte
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Red blood cells; erythrocytes carry oxygen in the blood.
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Gastr/o
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Stomach
