Kinesiology Midterm – Flashcards

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Definitions ensuring all those who work within a science or profession use the terms in the same way are called?
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Technical definitions
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Which of the following represents a means of obtaining theoretical knowledge of kinesiology? a. doing a cartwheel b. studying exercise physiology c. coaching a little league team d. all of the above
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b. studying exercise physiology
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Faculty in colleges and universities who teach about physical activity and conduct research on physical activity-related problems are called?
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Kinesiologists
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Which of the following best defines exercise? a.physical activity that makes you sweat b.physical activity performed to prepare you for an athletic event c. physical activity performed to improve the performance, health or appearance of your body d. any form of physical activity
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c. physical activity performed to improve tte performance, health or appearance of your body
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Kinesiology is composed of a variety of areas of specialized study. These specialized areas, including sport and exercise psychology and sport sociology, are known as?
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Subdisciplines
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Which of the following is the centerpiece to the study of kinesiology? a.sport b.movement c.physical activity d.research findings
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c. physical activity
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Membership in a professional organization such as ACSM or AAHPERD reflects what in studnents? a. an opprotunity to enhance experiences b.demonstration of increased professionalism c. a potential financial burden, but one that would ultimtely provide good benefits d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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How does physical exercise help individuals psychologically?
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It can reduce anxiety
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What movement is NOT included in the technical definition of kinesiology?
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A reflex
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We can define sport in general terms as?
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A form of physical activity in which a person performs skilled movement to achieve a goal in a manner specified by established rules, usually in competitive contexts
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Specialists who apply their knowledge of physiology, biomechanics, anatomy, and psychology in order to improve movements, working environments, and training programs in the workplace are called?
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Ergonomists or human factors engineers
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Which of the following is most essential to a leisure experience? a. being active in a vigorous fashion b. feeling free to engage in an activity and free from a sense of obligation c.being in contact with nature d. being with friends
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b. feeling free to engage in an activity and free from a sense of obligation
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Which of the following likely result(s) when elderly persons lose the capacity to perform physical activity in an efficient and effective manner? a.emotional devastation b. accidents around the home c. automobile accidents d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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Dance and rituals often have meaning beyond just allowing one to be physically active, these are most appropriately assigned to?
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Self expression sphere
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Which of the following is the most popular form of health related physical activity in the US? a. swimming b. aerobics c. karate d. walking
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d. walking
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Healthy People 2010 is a set of initiatives with two major goals; one of those goals is?
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To reduce the disparity in health care in the US
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Which of the activities conducted in the class helps you to personally view and learn about becoming a physical activity professional?
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Experiencing physical activity from a variety of perspectives
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To what does self-sufficiency refer? a. ADLs b. IADLs c. limitations to quality of life d. all the above
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d. all of the above
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Self sufficiency, self experiences, work, education, leisure, health and competition reflect physical activity experiences. What do these areas suggest?
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That physical activity experiences are wide and varied
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One type of competition is ?
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Side by side
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ADLs represent__________ while IADLs _____________.
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Personal care behaviors; are more complex yet they improve quality of life
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What are regulators?
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Body movements used to guide the flow of conversation
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What is the important job of and ergonomist?
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To study the demands of various jobs
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What type of gestures would a third base coach give a runner on second base?
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Emblems
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Shot putting and swimming are examples of what kind of competitive activity?
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Side by side competitive activities
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What type of competition would more likely be associated with a higher rate of physical activity?
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Face to face contact activities
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Which is not a part of the sphere of self sufficiency? a. activities of daily living b. bodily maintenance activities c. home maintenance activities d. instrumental activities of daily living
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Bodily maintenance activities
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Leisure can be described as?
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A state of being
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Recognizing that physical activity is ____________ nature is based on the belief that there is an interdependence and interrelatedness of the mind, body and spirit.
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Holistic
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Self suffieciency PA can be divided into two catetgories: activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Identify which category each of the following PAs fall into. I. dressing II. brushing your teeth III. cooking IV. laundry
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I and II are ADLs; III and IV are IADLS
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The type of experience necessary to produce changes is called ___________ and the relatively permanent changes are called _____________. An example would be shooting soccer penalty kicks for an hour each day, and then during game time, never missing a penalty shot.
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Practice; learning
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Practicing a skill is most likely to bring about which of the following? a.conditioning b.endurance c. learning d. all of the above
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c. learning
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Which of the following is true about abilities? a. they are primarily determined by genetics b.they determine one's ultimate potential for performance c. they are not sufficient in themselves for achieving high levels of performance d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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The principle of quality refers to?
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The importance of selecting the correct type of practice
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The generalist is one who?
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Has acquired low to moderate proficiency in a relatively large number of physical activities
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The components of health related fitness include all of the following EXCEPT? a.agility b.muscular strength c. body composition d. flexibility
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a. agility
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Humans differ from animals in that humans
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Can match their movements to much more complex internal plans
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The influence that parents' activity level has on child's involvement in physical activity is an example of?
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Their social circumstances
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Which of the following would be considered a closed rather than an open skill? a.shooting a 3 pointer b.hitting a baseball off a tee c.playing defense in hockey d.dancing with a partner
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b. hitting a baseball off a tee
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Which of the following correctly describes an underachiever? a.individual who has little ability but maximizes potential through practice and training b. individual who has little ability but fails to practice or train c. individual who has much ability and maximizes potential through practice and training d. individual who has much ability but fails to practice or train
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d. individual who has much ability but fails to practice or train
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Identify which of the following are considered open and closed skills. I. hitting a golf ball off a tee II. kicking a kickball that has been pitched III. hitting a racquetball that has been served to you IV. shooting a free throw
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II and III are open skills; I and IV are closed skills
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True or False: Our individual reactions to the events and feeling associated with physical activity are part of our subjective experiences
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True
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True or False: The physical activity of humans is distinguished from that of animals by the fact that human movements are faster and stronger than those of most animals
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False
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True or False: Although humans have a unique faculty for planning and implementing physical experiences to improve the perfrmance of physical activity, most are not inclined to explore this potential to the fullest
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True
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True or False: Personal attributes that influence physical activity experiences include things such as how much money a person has and where that person lives.
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False
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Activity experience is defined in the text as:
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Our actual physical performances or observations of physical activity
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What is the type of performance experience engaged in for the express purpose of refining motor control function to improve skills?
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Practice
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Which type of person would be most likely hired as a coach at the high school level?
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Generalist
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Experiences that engage us in the critical components of an activity and that are most likely to improve our capacity to perform that activity reflects what type of experience?
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Principle of quality
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What is an example of training?
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Preparing for a marathon
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The type of performance experience engaged in for the express purpose of refining motor control function to improve skill is known as?
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Practice
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Our decisions concerning which physical activity to pursue are determined largely by?
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How we feel before, during, and after the physical activity
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The type of knowledge that is derived from our subjective experiences are called?
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Intuitive knowledge
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One of the reasons we promote PA is the belief that is has the ability to positively affect well being, psychological distress, and feelings of fatigue. After a vigorous bout of exercise, one would hope to see which of the following changes on the subjective exercise experience scale (SEES) ?
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Positive well being would increase; psychological distress would decrease
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People who are attracted to the pain. sacrifices, and fatigue associated with physical activity value is as a(n)
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Ascetic experience
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A woman who runs 2 miles each day only because it helps her maintain her weight my be said to have
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An extrinsic orientation to physical activity
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Self efficacy refers to
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Your sense of confidence to perform a specific activity
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Spectators who have knowledge about a sport including its history, competitive strategies, most important players, equipment, schedules, and so an are said to
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Have game spectator knowledge
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Relatively stable mind sets toward physical activity are known as
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Attitudes
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People with an extrinsic approach to PA engage in a sport primarily for
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The physiological and psychological benefits (i.e, it helps them reduce stress)
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True or False: Kinesiologists are as interested in the subjective dimensions of physical activity as they are in the physical dimensions
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True
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True or False: Proprioceptors are movement sensors that supply us with sensations concerning body movements
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True
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True or False: Watching or participating in physical activity because you enjoy the grace and beauty of human movement is to value it as an aesthetic experience
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True
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Which of the following is not true about sport and exercise? a. it is always accompanied by subjective experiences b.people might do physical activities without ever asking why or understanding the purpose c. it will be meaningless unless enjoyable d. subjective experiences are unique
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c. it will be meaningless unless enjoyable
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What is an example of vicarious participation ?
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A parent pushing a child to play hard because the parent missed the experience as a child
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Physical activity plays an important role in every major sphere of our lives. One of the factors that affects our experience with PA is related to the activity itself. The experience of pain, sacrifice, self denial and delayed gratification represent a(n) ____________ experience.
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Ascetic
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Philosophers take __________ seriously; these include moods, emotions, ideals, values and daily experiences
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Intangibles
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____________ is a key compnent of philosophy. This process helps us to better understand what we have experienced in our daily lives.
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Reflection
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The three main goals of philosophy include all of the following EXCEPT a. to understand the individual ethics of the individuals who participate in physical activity b. to better understand the world and our lives in it c. to understand the nature and value of physical activity, particularly in the form of exercise, sport, games, play and dance d. to understand what a person is and the role that physicality and movement play in how we come to know ourselves and our world
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a. to understand the individual ethics of the individuals who participate in physical activity
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In the 1960s several prominent physical educators appeared on the scene who
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Turned away from education and used philosophical techniques to produce insights about sport
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Which form of reasoning starts with specific cases in order to develop broad general principles?
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Inductive
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The four reflective reasoning processes of philosophical research are inductive, descriptive, __________ and _________ reasoning.
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Deductive; speculative
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A person using this type of reasoning might make the following conclusion about cheerleaders: Cheerleaders smile a lot and are full of energy. Therefore, anyone who smiles a lot and is full of energy must be a cheerleader
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Inductive reasoning
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True or False: The Philosophic Society for the Study of Sport founded the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport in the 1970s
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True
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True or False: Deductive reasoning starts with a broad, general principle and examines specific facts that follow from it
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True
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True or False: Game rules can be considered formal types of play cues.
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True
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When we talk about mind-body dualism, the mind is usually considered what compared to the body?
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The mind is usually considered superior to the body
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What view sees the mind and body as separate?
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Dualistic view
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What two types of reasoning involve skeptical criticism of traditional philosophical thinking?
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Critical and poetic
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True or False: Based on the significance of rules presented in the text, rules can be changed when the challenge of the game becomes too difficult or too easy
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True
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Based on the significance of rules presented in the text, the statement of what should be accomplished and how we could accomplish it represents which of the following? a. rules serve as formal types of game cues b. rules create a problem that is artificial yet intelligible c.respecting the rules preserve sport d. rules can be changed when the challenge becomes too difficult or too easy
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a. rules serve as formal types of game cues
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The significance of skills discussed in the text highlights which of the following statements? a. motor skills represent the standards of excellence by which players evaluate their performance b. motor skills must be practiced for at least 15 hrs a week for skills to improve c. motor skills determine winners and losers d. motor skills should be goal oriented
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a. motor skills represent the standards of excellence by which players evaluate their performance
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The statement that excellent play is valued illustrates which of the following? a. only talented players are respected competition b. the process of competing in the game is valued as much as the outcomes that result from the play c. the winners are respected more by their peers than the losers of the game d. sportsmanship is considered a key component of excellent play
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b. the process of competing in the game is valued as much as the outcomes that result from the play
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Values are:
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Our conceptions about the importance of things that we use to make decisions both in personal and in professional matters
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True or False: Values can be moral and immoral
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True
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Which of the following statements about sports ethics is NOT correct? a. sports ethics represents a defensible standard of behavior b. sports ethics are impartial, consistent and critical c.rule bending is acceptable as long as it is not called or noticed by the official d. no one counts more than anyone else
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c.rule bending is acceptable as long as it is not called or noticed by the official
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Two main physical educators who were early leaders in the field of sport and exercise philosophy are
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Metheny and Slusher
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One of the overall goals in studying the history of physical activity is to
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Identify and describe patterns of change and stability in physical activity
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An important research direction in history of physical activity that began taking shape in the 1980s was
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History of health and exercise
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Intercollegiate athletics were inaugurated on American college campuses by
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Students
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The 1920s were known as the
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Golden Ages of Sports
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The physical education teaching profession took root in the US
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Just before 1900
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In the first half of the 20th century, the main focus of school physical education classes was
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Sports
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Before the 1950s, scientific research on physical activity
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Often addressed topics that could be applied to teaching
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The passage of this Education Amendment helped to create more opportunities for women and girls to participate in sports
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Title IX
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True or False: Determining the authenticity of written historical evidence involves matters such as who actually authored the piece and the date it was produced
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True
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True or False: Women's intercollegiate athletics grew on college campuses in later 19th century at about the same rate as men's intercollegiate athletics
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False
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True or False: In the second half of the 20th century, growth in participation in exercise and sport greatly outpaced population increases
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True
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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods?
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Qualitative=words; quantitative=numbers
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According to the text, what does history help you extend?
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Memory
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A historian of physical activity would look at
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Patterns of change and stability in a culture during a time period
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The NASSH was designed in 1972 to attract a broader scholarly membership including women, Canadians, and international scholars beyond North America. What does NASSH stand for?
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North American Society for Sport History
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When did kinesiology subdiciplines develop a recognizable identity in North America?
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1960
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History of physical activity teaches us about _____ as well as _______ in the past, which helps us understand the past as well as the present and make reasonable decisions for the future
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Changes; stability
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When did the physical education profession begin?
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1840-1900
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Pedro is doing research for a school project. He is reading a book about kinesiology written by an engineer who has never knowingly engaged in physical activity. What type of rule is used in determining the credibility of the source?
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Rule of perspective
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In the WWII period, from 1943-1952, what sport league did women start?
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Baseball
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Which of the following statements about the effects of exercise on personality is true? a. fitness training improves self concept b. exercise decrease anxiety c. prolonged physical activity is associated with the decreases of depression d. all of the above
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d. all the above
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Research on the effects of sport participation on personality has shown that
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Sport participation increases aggression
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The optimal arousal level for an individual's performance is
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Moderate and differs according to situational demands of various activities
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Most of the stress associated with physical activity participation is based on
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Fear of failure and fear of evaluation
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Group cohesion is facilitated by a. emphasizing uniqueness such as clothing or nicknames b. a positive identity related to group membership c.understanding and acceptance of roles in the group d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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What is the key to reducing social loafing in groups?
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Monitoring and evaluating individual performance
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True or False: Research evidence exists to support the popular notion that sport builds character in humans
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False
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True or False: The presence of spectators helps young athletes concentrate better when they are learning skills for the first time
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False
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True or False: Most of the differences between females and males seen in physical activity behaviors are the result of socialization, not biology
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True
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Which of the following is probably the youngest kinesiology subdiscipline? a.exercise physiology b.sport and exercise psychology c.motor learning d.biomechanics
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b. sport and exercise psychology
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What differentiates sport psychologists from exercise psychologists?
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Performance vs health
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What is the state of bodily energy or physical and mental readiness?
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Arousal
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What do sport psychology and exercise psychology focus on?
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The study of human thought, emotion and physical activity
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Arousal would be best defined as
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A state of physical and psychological activation and readiness
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What are the ABCs of sport psychology?
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Affect, behavior, cognition
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What happens first in a person who becomes burned out?
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Feeling of mental, emotional and physical exhaustion
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Relatively stable mind sets toward physical activity are known as
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Attitudes
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In what decade was sport psychology recognized as an academic subdiscipline?
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1970s
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True or False: Family support and modeling are highly predictive of the physical activity participation of children
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True
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