question

Cancer:

answer

Abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells, which, if left untreated, can ultimately cause death

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Cancer is responsible for __ out of every 4 deaths each year.

answer

1 out of 4

question

The second leading cause of death after CVD is?

answer

Cancer

question

How many people die a day from cancer?

answer

1600

question

What percentage of cancer deaths are related to tobacco use?

answer

29%

question

Tumor:

answer

A mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose; also called a neoplasm.

question

Benign Tumor:

answer

A non-cancerous tumor (like a wart).

question

Benign Tumor (Detailed):

answer

1. Made of cells similar to normal surrounding cells 2. Covered by a membrane that prevents them from penetrating neighboring tissues. 3. They are dangerous only if their physical presence interfere body function (compression of artery in brain).

question

Malignant tumor:

answer

A cancerous tumor, capable of invading in neighboring tissue (blood vessel, lymphatic system, nerves) as well as can travel to distant body organ.

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Every cancer starts with the change in:

answer

cell division control mechanism.

question

Metastasis:

answer

Spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

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Metastasis (Detailed:)

answer

1. Occurs because cancer cells do not stick to each other as strongly as normal cells. They can invade near by tissue or can travel to distant organs, and multiply there to form new colonies. 2. This new tumor is called as metastases or secondary tumor. 3. To control the cancer, every single cancerous cell must be removed

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The 5 Major Causes of Cancer:

answer

1. The role of DNA 2. Tobacco use 3. Dietary factors 4. Obesity and inactivity 5. Carcinogens in the environment

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Oncogene:

answer

A gene that has mutation, and is involved in transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. E.g. Mutation of a tumor suppressor gene.

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Cancer Promoters:

answer

They don't cause mutation but promote cancer by accelerating the growth of cells, which means less time for a cell to repair DNA damage caused by other factors. E.g. Estrogen.

question

Smoking is responsible for up to ____ of lung cancer deaths and for about ____ of all cancer deaths.

answer

90% and 29%

question

Overall tobacco use is responsible for nearly ____ premature deaths each year.

answer

480,000

question

Phytochemical:

answer

Naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease

question

____ millions American diagnosed with cancer every year, and more than ____ die

answer

1. 1.6 Million 2. 580,000

question

ACS estimates that ____ cases of skin cancer can be prevented by protecting skin from sun rays.

answer

90%

question

____ of lung cancer could be prevented by avoiding the exposure to tobacco smoke.

answer

87%

question

9 Types of Common Cancers:

answer

1. Lung cancer 2. Colon and rectal cancer 3. Breast cancer 4. Prostate cancer 5. Cancer of female reproductive tract 6. Skin cancer 7. Head and Neck cancer 8. Testicular cancer 9. Others cancers

question

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. and is responsible for ___ deaths a year.

answer

158,000

question

Smokers are at risk for lung cancer by:

answer

10 times or more.

question

Second hand smoke causes ____ lung cancer deaths a year.

answer

7,000

question

Only ____ of lung cancer patients are alive ____ after diagnosis.

answer

15% 5 years

question

Third most common type of cancer in both men and women is?

answer

Colon and Rectal Cancer

question

The biggest risk factor for Colon and Rectal Cancer is?

answer

Age 90% of cases are diagnosed in people age 50 or older.

question

What increases the risk for Colon and Rectal cancer?

answer

red meat, smoked meat and fish, excessive smoking and alcohol

question

ACS recommends regular yearly screening for Colon and Rectal cancer after the age of ___

answer

50 yrs old

question

The 5 year survival rate of Colon and Rectal cancer is ____ if detected early.

answer

90%

question

The second most deaths due to cancer is?

answer

Breast Cancer

question

____ in 8 women suffer from breast cancer and ____ in 30 die from the disease.

answer

1 and 1

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The biggest factor for breast cancer is

answer

genetic factor

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If a woman has 2 close relatives with breast cancer she is at ____ risk of developing the disease.

answer

4 times

question

Other risk factors for breast cancer:

answer

1. Early-onset menstruation, or late-onset menopause 2. Having no children or having a first child after age 30 3. Hormone replacement therapy 4. Being obese 5. Alcohol: 6. Smoking

question

Female hormone estrogen may be common element in some risk factors

answer

Estrogen promotes cell growth in responsive tissues (breast, uterus). So any factor that increases estrogen exposure may raise the risk of breast cancer.

question

ACS recommends annual mammogram at age of ____ and at age _____, every other year.

answer

Age 45 and Age 55

question

Biopsy:

answer

Removal and examination of small piece of body tissue for purpose of diagnosis

question

Ultrasonography:

answer

An imaging method in which inaudible high- pitched sound (ultrasound) is bounced off body structures to create an image on a monitor

question

Lumpectomy:

answer

removal of lump and surrounding tissue

question

Mastectomy:

answer

removal of breast

question

If discovered early before it has spread, patients have about ____ chance of surviving more than 5 years,

answer

98%

question

Overall rate of breast cancer survival is

answer

90%

question

The most common cancer in men is ____ and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men.

answer

Prostate cancer

question

Prostate cancer has nearly ____ new cases a year and ____ deaths.

answer

259,000 new cases 30,000 deaths

question

The strongest predictor in Prostate cancer is

answer

age

question

____ of cases occurring in men over the age ____ and ____ above ____.

answer

97% of cases over the age of 50 56% above 65 yrs old

question

ACS Recommends both PSA (Prostate-specific antigen) and rectal examination yearly after the age of ____

answer

50 yrs old

question

5 year survival rate for prostate cancer is nearly

answer

100%

question

Cervical cancer frequently occurs in women in their ____ and ____

answer

20's and 30's

question

____ New cases and ____ deaths a year from cervical cancer

answer

13,000 new cases 4,000 deaths

question

Pap test:

answer

Scraping of cells from cervix for examination to detect cancer.

question

Cervical dysplasia:

answer

cells are abnormal but not cancerous

question

Uterine or Endometrial Cancer:

answer

Cancer of the lining of the uterus most often occurs after age 55

question

____ New cases and ____ deaths every year due to Uterine or Endometrial Cancer.

answer

55,000 New cases 10,000 deaths

question

____ Cancer is the most common cancer when all highly curable forms are included in the count.

answer

skin

question

____ Cases every year and ____ are of the most serious type Melanoma.

answer

2.2 million 74,000 Melanoma

question

Risk for skin cancer ____ in people who have had 5 or more sun burns in the their life time.

answer

doubles

question

Basal cell carcinomas

answer

Deepest layer of skin

question

Squamous cell carcinomas

answer

Surface layer of skin

question

95% of skin cancers happen in?

answer

Basal cell carcinomas (deepest layer) and squamous cell carcinomas (surface layer)

question

Melanoma:

answer

A malignant tumor of the skin that arises from pigmented cells, usually a mole.

question

Melanoma most common on which sites of the body?

answer

Back, chest, abdomen, and lower legs.

question

5 year survival rate of skin cancer is ____ if tumor is localized and ____ if spread to adjacent lymph nodes.

answer

98% 63%

question

Head and Neck Cancers:

answer

Cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and nasal cavity

question

Head and neck cancers are ____ as often in men as in women.

answer

twice

question

5 year survival rate for head and neck cancers is ____

answer

66%

question

____ Cancer is most common cancer among men ages ____ to ___ but is rare overall.

answer

Testicular Cancer 20 to 35

question

5 year survival rate for testicular cancer is ___

answer

97%

question

Pancreatic cancer kills ____ Americans every year

answer

49,000

question

Bladder cancer has ____ new cases and ____ deaths every year.

answer

75,000 new cases and 16,000 deaths

question

____ bladder cancer is curable if detected early.

answer

96%

question

Kidney cancer has ____ new cases and ____ deaths each year.

answer

62,000 new cases and 14,000 deaths

question

Brain cancer has ____ new cases and _____ deaths each year

answer

23,000 new cases and 15,000 deaths

question

Leukemia:

answer

1. Cancer of the white blood cells. 2. Starts in bone marrow but can spread to lymph nodes, spleen, liver, other organs, and the central nervous system.

question

Lukemia has ____ new cases and ____ deaths each year.

answer

54,000 new cases and 24,000 deaths

question

There are how many stages of Cancer?

answer

5 Stages 0, I, II, III, and IV

question

Cancer stage 0:

answer

not cancer but can become cancer limited to original layer of cells in which they developed.

question

Cancer Stage I, II, and III:

answer

larger, cancer form, spread beyond the organ where it developed (Adjacent tissue). Higher number indicates more extensive.

question

Cancer Stage IV:

answer

spread to distant tissue or organ.

question

Treatments of Cancer:

answer

1. Surgery( partial or complete removal). For most cancers, surgery most useful treatment 2. Chemotherapy(destroy fast growing cells), many work on DNA replication. 3. Radiations(X-ray or gamma rays; killing tumor cell)

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