kin 1600 chapter 11 CVD, Cancer, Diabetes – Flashcards
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The heart's ________ chambers work together to circulate blood throughout the body. A) five B) two C) three D) four
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four
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In which age group is CVD significantly more prevalent among men than among women? A) 80+ -year-olds B) 60- to 79-year-olds C) 40- to 59-year-olds D) 20-to 39-year-olds
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20-to 39-year-olds
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What is the number one cause of death for women in the United States? A) breast cancer B) stroke C) cardiovascular disease D) ovarian cancer
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cardiovascular disease
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The upper chambers of the heart are called the A) tricuspids. B) ventricles. C) atria. D) arteries
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atria
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Which vessels carry blood away from the heart, to other regions of the body? A) tricuspids B) ventricles C) atria D) arteries
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arteries
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Which blood vessels permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products with body cells? A) arterioles B) auxiliary arteries C) capillaries D) venules
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capillaries
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James was diagnosed with atherosclerosis, which is A) a pulmonary disease. B) a buildup of plaque on the inner lining of an artery. C) reduced oxygen to an organ. D) severe chest pain cause by restricted blood flow.
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a buildup of plaque on the inner lining of an artery
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Julie's grandmother has "thickening" of her arteries caused by fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances deposited in the blood vessels. What is the medical term for this? A) arrhythmia B) angina pectoris C) myosclerosis D) atherosclerosis
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atherosclerosis
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When atherosclerosis occurs in a limb, it is called A) coronary artery disease. B) carotid artery disease. C) peripheral artery disease. D) pulmonary artery disease
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peripheral artery disease
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A number of conditions including atherosclerosis can lead to ischemia, which is A) a squeezing of heart tissue that leads to damage. B) an inflammatory disease. C) reduced blood and oxygen supply to a body part or organ. D) a buildup of deposits in the arteries
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reduced blood and oxygen supply to a body part or organ
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Ana is traveling overseas. Why is it advisable that she routinely move and stretch her legs during her 10-hour flight? A) so that she can elevate her heart rate B) to prevent hyperlipidemia C) to prevent blood clots in her legs D) to prevent tingling in her feet
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to prevent blood clots in her legs
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Damage to an area of the heart muscle caused by the lack of blood supply is called A) a heart attack. B) heart failure. C) bradycardia. D) angina pectoris
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a heart attack
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Another name for a heart attack is A) angina pectoris. B) myocardial infarction. C) arrhythmia. D) hypertension
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myocardial infarction
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What is the role of collateral circulation? A) It increases the heart rate. B) It dislodges blood clots. C) It allows an affected heart muscle to cope with damage. D) It increases blood pressure
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it allows an affected heart muscle to cope with damage
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Common symptoms of a heart attack include all of the following except A) shortness of breath. B) unusual weakness or fatigue. C) pain or discomfort in one or both arms. D) extreme hunger
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extreme hunger
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Susan's aunt suffered from a cerebrovascular accident. What is the common name for this medical problem? A) heart attack B) stroke C) angina D) arrhythmia
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stroke
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Since the 1980s, the death rate from strokes has A) increased by one-third. B) declined by one-third. C) increased by one-half. D) declined by one-half.
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declined by one-third
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Many strokes are preceded days, weeks, or months earlier by A) cerebral aneurysms. B) thrombi. C) transient ischemic attacks. D) emboli
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transient ischemic attacks
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When administering the 60-second test for a stroke, you should ask the person to A) frown, raise one arm, and repeat a simple sentence. B) smile, raise both arms, and repeat a simple sentence. C) smile, raise the left arm, and repeat a simple sentence. D) frown, raise the right arm, and repeat their telephone number.
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smile, raise both arms, and repeat a simple sentence
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Dominique felt a sudden numbness on the left side of her face, felt nauseous, and had difficulty speaking clearly. Which of the following cardiovascular diseases was Dominique probably experiencing? A) a stroke B) hypertension C) metabolic syndrome D) a heart attack
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a stroke
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Hypertension refers to A) a sustained low blood pressure. B) a sustained high blood pressure. C) fluctuating blood pressure readings. D) tachycardia from overexercising.
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a sustained high blood pressure
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Systolic blood pressure refers to pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when A) the heart relaxes. B) the heart is between contractions. C) the heart contracts. D) blood is reentering the heart.
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the heart contracts
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When the heart relaxes, the pressure on the arterial walls decreases. This is called the ________ pressure. A) diastolic B) systolic C) pumping D) baseline
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diastolic
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Michelle's grandmother has high systolic blood pressure but normal diastolic blood pressure. What type of hypertension does she have? A) nonspecific hypertension B) isolated systolic C) systole hypertension D) secondary hypertension
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isolated systolic
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High blood pressure is usually diagnosed when systolic pressure is ________ or above. A) 150 B) 140 C) 130 D) 120
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140
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Tim's grandfather takes nitroglycerin when he feels a crushing pain in his heart caused by ischemia. This pain is known as A) atherosclerosis. B) arrhythmia. C) arteriosclerosis. D) angina pectoris
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angina pectoris
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Sandra takes nitroglycerin tablets prescribed to treat her angina. What does this drug do to relieve the pain? A) It constricts the blood vessels. B) It dilates the veins. C) It controls spasms. D) It stops the heart temporarily.
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it dilates the veins
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Eric often complains of a racing heart, even though he is not exercising or anxious. What is the medical term for his condition? A) tachycardia B) bradycardia C) angina D) myocardia
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tachycardia
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An arrhythmia is A) another name for angina. B) an irregular heart rhythm. C) a coronary embolus. D) heart block.
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an irregular heart rhythm
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Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart A) has decreased in size and strength. B) is damaged and can't pump enough blood to supply body tissues. C) causes an excessive amount of fluid to be eliminated from the body. D) rarely responds to treatment
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is damaged and can't pump enough blood to supply body tissues
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Likely underlying causes of heart failure (HF) include all of the following except A) infectious diseases, such as rheumatic fever. B) bacteria that inflame blood vessels. C) uncontrolled low blood pressure. D) chronic drug and alcohol abuse.
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bacteria that inflame blood vessels
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When a baby is born with a cardiovascular defect it is referred to as a(n) ________ heart defect. A) congestive B) congenital C) postnatal D) immature
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congenital
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When Larry went for a physical exam, he had gained a great deal of weight; his waist measurement was 50 inches and his blood pressure was greatly elevated. The results of his blood work revealed elevated blood glucose and elevated cholesterol with an HDL of 20. Larry has an increased risk of CVD due to A) diabetes mellitus. B) liver disease. C) metabolic syndrome (MetS). D) pancreatitis.
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metabolic syndrome (MetS)
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Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS)? A) abdominal weight loss B) insulin resistance C) low blood pressure D) low triglycerides
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insulin resistance
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Zach eats a high-fat diet. His diet will not only raise his cholesterol levels, but research shows that a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats can also A) make the blood more viscous. B) decrease fat metabolism. C) decrease calcium absorption. D) cause fluid retention
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make the blood more viscous
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Which of the following total cholesterol readings is within the "borderline high" range? A) 165 mg/dL B) 195 mg/dL C) 225 mg/dL D) 255 mg/dL
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225mg/dL
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The goal of managing cholesterol levels to reduce cardiovascular risks may be achieved by A) raising HDL and raising LDL. B) raising HDL and lowering LDL. C) lowering HDL and lowering LDL. D) lowering HDL and raising LDL
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raising HDL and lowering LDL
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How fat is distributed on the body contributes to the risk of heart disease. What body shape is considered a higher risk? A) pear B) apple C) hour glass D) pencil
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apple
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The ethnic group in the United States with the highest overall rates of CVD and hypertension is A) African Americans. B) Native Americans/Alaskan natives. C) Asians/Pacific Islanders. D) whites.
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African Americans
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Which of the following amino acids, when present in blood at high levels, is associated with CVD? A) lysine B) chromium picolate C) homocysteine D) tryptophan
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homocysteine
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What is the test that measures the electrical activity of the heart called? A) angiography B) electrocardiogram C) MRI D) catheterization
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electrocardiogram
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Diagnosis and treatment with thrombolysis for a blocked coronary artery may prevent or minimize damage if it is delivered within ________ after a heart attack. A) 24 hours B) 12 hours C) 6 hours D) 3 hours
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3 hours
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George is undergoing a medical procedure that produces three-dimensional images of the heart as blood flows through. This procedure is called A) positron emission tomography (PET) scan. B) cardiac imaging. C) radio nuclide imaging. D) electrocardiogram.
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position emission tomography (PET) scan
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Coronary bypass surgery is performed to bypass a clogged coronary artery and A) replace the aortic valve. B) transport blood to the heart tissue. C) restore a rhythmic electric impulse to the heart. D) improve blood flow in the thoracic artery.
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transport blood to the heart tissue
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Donna was diagnosed with cancer. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by A) uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. B) solid tumor development and metastasis. C) replication of genetic material. D) predictable spreading of abnormal cells.
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uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
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John was told that the tumor in his brain is malignant. This means that the tumor is A) cancerous. B) benign. C) dormant. D) noncancerous.
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cancerous
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Thomas was told that the tumor in his brain is benign. It means that the tumor is A) cancerous. B) malignant. C) dormant. D) noncancerous.
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noncancerous
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The primary difference between benign and malignant tumors is that benign tumors A) do not grow. B) do not metastasize. C) are cancerous. D) are never life-threatening.
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do not metastasize
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Which of the following is not characteristic of cancer cells undergoing metastasis? A) They are enclosed in a protective capsule. B) They spread to other parts of the body. C) They emit clawlike protrusions. D) They are difficult to treat.
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they are enclosed in a protective capsule
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Hodgkin's disease is classified as a A) carcinoma. B) lymphoma. C) melanoma. D) sarcoma.
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lymphoma
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Which type of cancer is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells? A) carcinoma B) lymphoma C) sarcoma D) leukemia
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leukemia
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According to the American Cancer Society, the greatest percentage of new cases of cancer in women will be located in the A) breast. B) lungs. C) thyroid. D) pancreas.
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breast
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According to the American Cancer Society, the greatest percentage of deaths from cancer in men will be due to A) prostate cancer. B) colon cancer. C) lung cancer. D) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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lung
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Oncogenes are genes that A) fight cancer. B) suppress the normal activity of the immune system. C) can signal cells to reproduce uncontrollably. D) grow slowly.
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can signal cells to reproduce uncontrollably
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Nearly 77 percent of cancers are diagnosed at age ________ and above. A) 35 B) 45 C) 55 D) 65
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55
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Juan and Ted are both 65 years old. Juan is obese, though, whereas Ted is a normal weight for his age. Juan's risk of developing colon cancer is ________ percent higher than Ted's. A) 40 B) 50 C) 60 D) 70
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40
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Smoking accounts for 30 percent of all cancer deaths in the United States, and for 87 percent of all ________ cancer deaths. A) prostate B) stomach C) colon D) lung
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lung
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Never smokers" currently constitute about ________ percent of all lung cancer cases. A) 25 B) 30 C) 15 D) 20
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15
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Bill has been diagnosed with colon cancer. The prognosis for this type of cancer is good if caught early because A) treatments are so advanced. B) the disease tends to progress slowly. C) it can be cured with diet. D) treatment can be delayed.
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the disease tends to progress slowly
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eff is obese. He is a nonsmoker, but typically eats a high fat diet and recently had colitis. Given these factors, what type of cancer is Jeff most at risk for? A) liver B) lung C) colon D) stomach
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colon
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Anna had her first child after age 30. She is physically inactive and uses oral contraceptives. What cancer is Anna at risk for? A) colon B) lung C) cervical D) breast
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breast
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Selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, and aromatase inhibitors are effective for estrogen-sensitive breast cancer because they work by A) blocking estrogen from the estrogen-sensitive cells. B) enhancing the effects of estrogen in the estrogen-sensitive cells. C) decreasing estrogen production. D) increasing estrogen production.
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blocking estrogen from the estrogen-sensitive cells
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The most dangerous form of skin cancer is A) basal cell carcinoma. B) squamous cell carcinoma. C) malignant melanoma. D) Merkel cell carcinoma.
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malignant melanoma
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All of the following are associated with an increased risk for skin cancer except A) having fair skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes. B) having darker skin. C) not tanning easily in spite of spending a lot of time outdoors. D) having experienced severe sunburns as a child.
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having darker skin
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In the "ABCD" rule for the symptoms of melanoma, the letters stand for A) acute pain, bleeding, constant swelling, and diameter. B) asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter. C) asymmetry, border uniformity, color, and delayed healing. D) actual size, bleeding, cancer stage, and dark appearance.
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asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter
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After skin cancer, the most common cancer in American males today is ________ cancer. A) colon B) liver C) prostate D) testicular
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prostate
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The age group at highest risk of testicular cancer is A) adolescents and teenagers. B) young adults. C) middle-aged men. D) older men.
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young adults
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The best time to perform a testicular self-examination is A) when you first wake up in the morning. B) before you go to sleep at night. C) after strenuous exercise. D) after a hot shower
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after a hot shower
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Which cancer of the reproductive system—cervical, ovarian, or endometrial (uterine)—causes the most deaths? A) cervical B) ovarian C) endometrial D) All these types of cancer have comparable death rates.
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ovarian
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A Pap test is effective for early detection of ________ cancer. A) cervical B) ovarian C) endometrial D) testicular
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cervical
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Which of the following is true about leukemia? A) It is a childhood disease. B) Survival rates have not improved over the years. C) Rates are highest in young white females. D) Symptoms include repeated infections and hemorrhaging.
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symptoms include repeated infections and hemorrhaging
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Chemotherapy uses ________ to kill cancerous cells. A) radiation B) diet C) drugs D) physical activity drugs
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drugs
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Which of the following is a test or procedure used to detect breast cancer? A) Pap test B) colonoscopy C) PSA test D) mammogram
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mammogram
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Which of the following is a test or procedure used to detect prostate cancer? A) Pap test B) colonoscopy C) PSA test D) mammogram
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PSA test
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Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by A) high blood fats. B) high blood glucose. C) low blood pressure. D) low blood glucose.
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high blood glucose
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The primary action of insulin is to A) increase blood glucose concentration. B) stimulate glucose transporters in the cells. C) convert glucose to glycogen for storage. D) carry glucose into the liver.
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stimulate glucose transporters in the cells
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Type I diabetes A) most often appears after the age of 40. B) results in a temporary decrease in insulin production. C) occurs when insulin-making cells are attacked by the immune system. D) creates too many insulin-making cells in the pancreas.
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occurs when insulin-making cells are attacked by the immune system
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According to the CDC, almost ________ percent of the American population has diabetes. A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 20
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10
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Experts predict that ________ Americans will have diabetes by 2050. A) 1 in 3 B) 1 in 4 C) 1 in 5 D) 1 in 6
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1 in 3
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All of the following would put an individual at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes except A) chronic stress. B) inadequate sleep. C) physical inactivity. D) excessive exercise.
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excessive exercise
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Mitt has not been feeling well. He is gaining weight and is constantly tired. His blood pressure is low and at times his vision is blurred. What two symptoms does Mitt have that are characteristic of diabetes (type 1 or 2)? A) weight gain and blurred vision B) low blood pressure and fatigue C) fatigue and blurred vision D) weight gain and fatigue fatigue and blurred vision
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fatigue and blurred vision
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Diabetes can result in weight loss because A) body cells can't use glucose so it is excreted. B) appetite is suppressed due to high blood sugar. C) a diabetic burns more calories during a given activity. D) a diabetic is often nauseated. body cells can't use glucose so it is excreted.
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body cells can't use glucose so it is excreted
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The diabetes test that gives the average value of a patient's blood glucose over the past two to three months is called the A) insulin resistance test. B) fasting plasma glucose test. C) oral glucose tolerance test. D) glycosated hemoglobin test
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glycosated hemoglobin test
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Lifestyle changes that can help prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except A) losing weight. B) regular physical activity. C) a diet high in whole grains. D) avoidance of foods containing omega-3 fatty acids.
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avoidance of foods containing omega-3 fatty acids
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Sara is diabetic and wants to use the glycemic index (GI) to help her control surges in her blood sugar. To use the GI effectively, she should A) avoid all foods on the index. B) eat all foods on the index. C) eat foods that are low on the index. D) eat foods that are high on the index.
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eat foods that are low on the index
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Brendon has type 1 diabetes. This means that he must A) take insulin. B) take SGLT2 inhibitors. C) have gastric bypass surgery. D) have sleeve gastrectomy surgery.
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take insulin
