K12 – History – Unit 3 Quizzes – Flashcards
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What made inland travel and trade difficult in Greece?
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mountainous terrain
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Which of the following best describes a Greek polis?
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a capital city with its surrounding countryside and villages
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Which cultural element below did Greeks city-states not share?
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government
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Who were the Mycenaeans?
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Indo-Europeans who migrated to Greece
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Which describes the geography of Greece?
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rugged mountains
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Which describes Zeus?
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king of the gods
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What is the Iliad about?
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the Trojan War
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Which polis is considered the birthplace of democracy?
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Athens
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What happened at the Battle of Marathon?
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the Athenians defeated the Persians.
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How did the people of Athens feel after the Persian Wars?
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proud and confident
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Which war was fought between Sparta and Athens?
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the Peloponnesian War
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How did Sparta turn the tide in its war against Athens?
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by forming an alliance with Persia
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What occurred in Greece following the decline of the Mycenaean kingdoms?
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a dark age
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Which does not describe Athens?
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a place where the people focused so exclusively on war that they had little time for cultural pursuits
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Why did the Persians go to war against Athens?
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They wanted to punish the Athenians for supporting the Ionian revolt.
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Which does not describe Pericles?
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a ruthless leader ostracized by the citizens of Athens
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Which is an accurate statement about Greek art and architecture?
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Greek art and architecture are characterized by order, symmetry, and balance.
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Which major theme did Aeschylus explore in many of his plays?
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hubris, or excessive pride
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What is Herodotus best known for?
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He is called the father of history because he was the first writer who did research to determine the facts about historical events.
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Which temple is considered the best example of the Greek ideals of order and balance in architecture?
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the Parthenon
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Who composed the Iliad and the Odyssey?
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Homer
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What did Herodotus and Thucydides establish as a field of study?
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history
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Who analyzed different forms of government in the Republic?
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Plato
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Why was Plato skeptical about democracy?
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He believed uneducated masses could not make good decisions.
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Who is known as the father of medicine?
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Hippocrates
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What two civilizations did Alexander the Great conquer as he built his empire?
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Egypt and Persia
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Which explains why Hellenistic culture spread so widely in the centuries following Alexander's death?
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Rome adopted many Greek cultural elements, which spread during its conquests.
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Which best describes a major cause of the Punic Wars?
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Rome wanted to keep Carthage from completely taking over Sicily.
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Which describes a change that occurred in Rome about 100 B.C.?
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patricians were becoming wealthier and plebeians were becoming poorer.
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How was the early Roman Republic founded?
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Patricians overthrew an Etruscan king.
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Which members of Roman society were a minority, but held most of the power in the early Roman Republic?
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patricians
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What was Rome's first set of written laws called?
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Twelve Tables
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Into how many branches was the government of the early Roman Republic divided?
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3
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What did Romans value the most during the early republic?
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duty to the state
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Which best describes why Rome went to war with Carthage?
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Rome was concerned that Carthage wanted to extend its empire into Italy.
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Which general crossed the Alps to attack Rome from the north?
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Hannibal
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Which was a condition that existed in Rome around 100 B.C. that contributed to the eventual downfall of the republic?
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a widening gap between the rich and the poor
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How was Julius Caesar able to defy the Senate, cross the Rubicon, and engage in a civil war with his enemies?
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He had amassed a large, loyal personal army.
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As Rome's first dictator, which did Caesar achieve?
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lowered taxes and gave food and land to the poor
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Who came to power after the death of Julius Caesar and eventually became Rome's first emperor?
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Octavian
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Actions by which body resulted in the fall of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire?
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Senate
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Which achievements during the Pax Romana helped unify the empire?
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the standardization of language, coinage, weights and measures, and law
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What was a significant result of the Pax Romana?
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Roman culture thrived and spread throughout the empire.
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How did Roman emperors try to keep Roman citizens happy?
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They hosted entertainment and gave away free grain, oil, and wine.
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Who is considered Rome's greatest poet?
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Virgil
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Which are examples of Roman achievements?
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invention of the dome and concrete
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Christianity had its beginnings in which Roman province?
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Judea
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Who first despised the Christian movement, but then later traveled to preach Jesus' message?
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Paul
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What did Constantine do that helped spread Christianity?
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made Christianity a legally recognized faith
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Which was NOT true of the early Christian Church?
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Christian communities spread across the Roman world, but all followed a clear theology.
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Which was a problem that the Roman Empire faced after A.D. 200?
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a lack of strong leadership
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What did Diocletian do in an attempt to address the problems the Roman Empire was facing?
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He divided the empire into two sections.
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Which was the primary reason that the Western Roman Empire fell?
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invading tribes of barbarians
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Which is considered Rome's greatest legacy?
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ideas about law
