K12 – History – Unit 1 Quizzes Review – Flashcards
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When did Homo sapiens first appear?
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200,000 B.C.
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Which method for determining the age of artifacts measures the rate of decay in atoms in volcanic rock?
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potassium-argon dating
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What caused prehistoric people to drastically change the way they lived?
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climate change
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What did improved farming techniques lead to?
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division of labor
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Which best defines history?
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study of the human past and the story of change over time
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Which kind of scholar studies objects left behind by humans?
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archaeologist
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What does the out of Africa theory maintain?
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Modern humans originated in Africa and migrated to other parts of the world.
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Which of these characteristics is not true of early hunter-gatherers?
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They traded extensively with other communities.
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What was the Neolithic Revolution?
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a time when humans turned from hunting and gathering to farming
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What happened as a result of humans settling down into agricultural villages?
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Social roles and work definition began to change.
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Why did a division of labor occur when people started to produce a surplus of food?
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People were left with time to do other jobs.
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Which was one result of the domestication of animals?
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new division of labor between men and women
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Which describes a characteristic of civilization?
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trade and economic activity
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Where did Sumerian priests make offerings to the Sumerian gods and goddesses?
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ziggurats
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What effect did the invention of writing have in the ancient world?
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Information and culture spread to new places.
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The invention of bronze in ancient Sumer was so significant because it __________.
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improved agriculture and gave rulers more power
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Which is a reason Sumer declined as a civilization?
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Sumerian rulers fought to gain territory.
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When the flooding waters of the Nile receded, what did they leave behind?
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rich, black soil
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Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead?
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to preserve the bodies for use in the afterlife
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Who united Upper and Lower Egypt?
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Menes Narmer
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What did scholars study to help them decipher hieroglyphics?
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Rosetta Stone
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How were scholars able to translate hieroglyphic symbols?
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By comparing a message written in both hieroglyphics and Greek, scholars were able to translate the hieroglyphic symbols.
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Which was a first step in the development of civilizations in both the Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies?
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development of irrigation
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Which river is associated with the settlement of ancient Egypt?
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Nile
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Who was the most powerful person in Egyptian society and government?
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the pharaoh
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Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead?
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to preserve the bodies for use in the afterlife
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What is the Rosetta Stone?
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a carved stone that helped decode hieroglyphics
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What was the purpose of the Book of the Dead?
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to help people in their passage to the afterlife
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Which best describes the Indus Valley civilization?
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organizing cities well
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From where did the soil in the Indus Valley receive its rich silt?
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Indus River
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Which most likely contributed to the decline of the Indus Valley civilization?
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outbreak of disease
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Why don't we have more information about the Indus Valley civilization?
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Archaeologists and historians have been unable to decipher the Indus Valley writing.
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Which was a result of the physical geography of ancient China?
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isolation from other early civilizations
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Why did the Yellow River flood so frequently?
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The river carried enormous amounts of silt.
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What is a dynasty?
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a ruling family that remains in power for many years
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Which legendary dynasty was started by Yu?
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Xia
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On what did Shang priests write questions for the gods?
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bones
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Which New Kingdom pharaoh outlawed the worship of many gods and established a new religion with one, all-powerful god?
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Amenhotep IV
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How were many of the New Kingdom pharaohs able to undertake such enormous building projects?
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They used slave labor and the wealth they gained from tribute and trade.
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Which is the best definition for empire?
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an area or political unit in which formerly independent states are under the control of one ruler
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Which was the most common method empire builders used to unite vast territories?
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military conquest
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How did Sargon raise money to pay his army and buy the loyalty of his supporters?
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by controlling trade routes and taxing merchants
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What was the significance of the Code of Hammurabi?
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The laws were displayed throughout the empire for all to see.
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Why did the Hittites migrate from central Asia to Mesopotamia?
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They needed more land for growing populations.
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Which pharaoh undertook enormous building projects, including Abu Simbel?
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Ramses II
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Which pharaoh established a new religion with one, new, all-powerful god?
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Amenhotep IV
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What did an abundant supply of slaves and the wealth from tribute, plunder, and trade allow Egyptian pharaohs and other rulers to do?
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build huge monuments and temples and develop infrastructure
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Which group of people conquered Egypt's New Kingdom, but kept many Egyptian customs?
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Kushites
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How did Darius of Persia maintain control over his empire?
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He divided it into provinces and assigned satraps to govern them.
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Which empire builder used tolerance to help maintain control over his empire?
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Cyrus
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Why did the Persian Empire decline in power?
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Fights for the royal throne broke out and governors stopped following orders.
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Which statement about Persian culture is true?
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The Persians adopted whatever they found useful from other cultures.
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Which were achievements of the Chaldean Empire?
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon; Ishtar Gate; precise observations of the stars
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In which way were the Assyrian and Persian empires alike?
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They were both divided into provinces and had systems of communication.
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Most scholars and scientists agree that modern humans originated on which continent?
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Africa
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When did descendants of modern-day humans first appear?
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around 200,000 B.C.
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Which scholar studies artifacts objects left behind by humans or human ancestors?
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archaeologist
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Which method do scientists use to track evolutionary changes over time?
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DNA analysis
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Which most directly helped early humans develop agriculture?
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access to water
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Why were the people in early farming communities able to focus on different kinds of work?
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Improved farming techniques resulted in food surpluses.
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Which best describes a result of division of labor in early farming communities?
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Social roles began to change.
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What did trade and interaction between villages result in?
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greater knowledge
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Which is a characteristic of civilization?
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trade and economic activity
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Why were early clans of hunter-gatherers not considered civilizations?
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They did not have division of labor.
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Why did the world's first civilizations develop in river valleys?
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The land in river valleys supported agriculture.
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Which civilization built ziggurats and used cuneiform to record information?
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Mesopotamia
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Which civilization built pyramids and mummified their rulers?
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Egypt
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Why is the Code of Hammurabi such an important factor in the development of empires?
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Everyone in the empire could see the laws.
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Which New Kingdom pharaoh built several large temples and monuments, including Abu Simbel?
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Ramses II
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What is the New Kingdom pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) known for?
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establishing a new, monotheistic religion
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Which civilization put home and family at the center of life and produced silk cloth?
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China
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Which describes accomplishments of the Persian Empire?
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using governors and an infrastructure to maintain control
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Which empire's accomplishments include the Ishtar Gate, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and a knowledge of astronomy and medicine?
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Chaldean
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Which empire, forged by Hammurabi, produced the first code of laws available for all to see?
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Babylonian
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Which was not a method used by early empire builders to gain and maintain power?
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building new temples
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Which two groups migrated into modern-day Turkey and Iran from what is now southern Russia and later formed empires?
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Hittites and Aryans
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Which best describes why the Neolithic Revolution was such an important turning point in history?
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People began to control their physical environment for the first time.
