K-state, Dr. Yasmin Patell – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| definition of chemistry |
| the study of the composition, structure, and behavior of matter |
| pure substance |
| a form of matter that bas a definite compositioun and distinct properties |
| definition of an element |
| a substance that cannot be seperated into simpilat substances, into simpliar substances by chemical means |
| definition of a compound |
| is a substance composed of atoms of 2 or more elements chemically, combined in fixed proportions |
definition of homogeneous mixture |
| completely uniform at the particulate level and consists of one or more substances in the same place |
| definition of a heterogeneous mixture |
| a non-uniform at the particulate level and consists of one or more substances in different phases |
| Tera- |
T
10^12
|
| Giga- |
G
10^9 |
| Mega- |
M
10^6 |
Kilo- |
k
10^3 |
| deci- |
d
10^-1 |
| centi- |
c
10^-2 |
milli- |
m
10^-3 |
| micro- |
μ
10^-6 |
| nano- |
n
10^-9 |
| pico- |
p
10^-12 |
| definition of mass |
| measure of the quantity of matter(constant) |
| definition of weight |
| force that gravity exerts on an object(variable) |
defintion of volume |
SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m3)
Volume = cm3 = mL |
| the equation for density |
Density= mass/volume d= m/v is in the units of kg/m3 |
equation for converting Fahernheit -> Celsius |
| C=(F-32) x 5/9 |
equation for converting Celsius -> Fahrenheit |
F= (9/5 x C) + 32 |
equation for converting Celsius -> Kelvin |
| K = C + 273 |
| what is accuracy? |
| how close a measurement is to the true value |
| What is precision? |
| how close a set of measurements are to each other |
| The Atomic # tells the _____ |
| number of protons in the nucleus |
The mass # tells the ______ |
| number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus |
| Isotopes are _____ |
| atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. (same # of protons, different number of neutrons) |
| The definition of molecule |
| an aggregate of two or more atoms in a definite arrangement held togethor by chemical forces |
| What is the definition of a diatomic molecule? |
it contains only two atoms (H2, N2, HCl, CO, O2) |
what is the definition of a polyatomic molecule? |
it contains more than two atoms (O3, H2O, NH3, CH4) |
| What is an ion? |
| it is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive, or negative charge. |
What are the 2 categories of an ion? What are their individual definitions? |
Cation and Anion Cation- is an ion with a positive charge; metal, and loses electrons to form cations Anion- is an ion with a negative charge; non-metal atoms gain electrons to form anions |
What is a monatomic ion? What is a polyatomic ion? |
Mono- (one) contains only one atom Na+,Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3-
Poly- (many) contains more than one atom OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3- |
| How many protons and electrons are in 2713 Al3+ |
Prontons- 13 Electrons- 10 |
What does the molecular formula show? |
It shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance. |
| What is an empirical formula? |
| It shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a substance. |
| What is an ionic compound? |
It is a compound consisting of a combination of cations and anions. The formula is always the same as the empirical formula. The sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in each formula must equal zero. |
| Predict the charges of Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA. |
IA + IIA 2+ IIIA 3+ |
| Predict the charges of anions(non-metals) VA, VIA, VIIA, and VIIIA |
VA 3- VIA 2- VIIA - VIIIA 0
|
the monotomic cation of Li is named what? |
| Lithium ion |
| What is the system used to notate that the metal can form more than one cation? |
| The Stock System |
Properly name the following in the Stock system format: Cu+ Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ |
Copper I Copper II Iron II Iron III |
| Polyatomic cations end with what suffix? |
-ium
Ex: NH4+ is ammonium |
| Monotomic Anions end with what suffix? |
-ide |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
N? |
| Nitride |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
P? |
| Phosphide |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
O? |
| Oxide |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
S? |
| sulfide |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
F? |
| fluoride |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
Cl? |
| Chloride |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
Br? |
Bromide |
What is the name of the monoatomic anion
I? |
Iodide |
Polyatomic Anion- SO42- |
| sulfate |
| Polyatomic Anion- SO32- |
| Sulfite |
| Polyatomic Anion- NO3- |
| Nitrate |
| Polyatomic Anion- NO2- |
| Nitrite |
| Polyatomic Anion- CN- |
| Cyanide |
| Polyatomic Anion- CO32- |
| Carbonate |
| Polyatomic Anion- MnO4- |
| Permanganate |
| Polyatomic Anion- PO43- |
| Phosphate |
| Polyatomic Anion- C2H3O2- |
Acetate |
Polyatomic Anion- ClO3- |
| Chlorate |
| Polyatomic Anion- Cr2O22- |
| Dichromate |
| Polyatomic Anion- HPO42- |
| Hydrogen Phosphate |
| Polyatomic Anion- ClO2- |
| Chlorite |
What is the rule for naming Ionic Compounds whose cation forms only one charge? |
| Name the metal cation first, followed by the non-metal anion |
Name NaCl |
| Sodium chloride |
| Name KCN |
| Potassium Cyanide |
| Name Na2SO4 |
| Sodium sulfate |
Name Mg3(PO4)2 |
| Magnesium Phosphate |
| Name Li2S |
Lithium Sulfide |
| What are the rules of naming an Ionic Compound whose cation forms more than one charge- known as the Stock System? |
1.) Write the name of the cation first 2.) Write the charge on the cation as a Roman Numeral 3.) Write the name of the anion |
Name - Fe2Cl |
| Iron II Chloride |
| Name - CuO2 |
| Copper II Oxide |
| Name - Cu2Cl |
| Copper II Chloride |
| Name - Sn4O2 |
| Tin IV Oxide |
Name - Sn2O |
| Tin II Oxide |
What is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds? |
Ionic compounds have metal in the compound Molecular compounds have no metal in the compound. |
| How do you name molecular compounds? |
1.) Name the first element and add -ide to the stem of the name of the second element 2.) Indicate the number of each element by the use of greek prefixes. |
| Name - P4S3 |
| Tetraphosphorous Trisulfide |
| Name - CO2 |
| Carbon Dioxide |
| Name - CO |
| Carbon Monoxide |
Name - N2O4 |
| Dinitrogen Tetroxide |
| Name - SF6 |
| Sulfur Hexafluoride |
What makes an acid? How do you name an acid? |
It is a molecular compound that yields hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water.
If (aq)"meaning aqueous solution" is at the end of the name, add Hydro- and Acid
HCl(aq) - Hydrochloric Acid |
| Name - HBr(aq) |
| Hydrobromic Acid |
| Name - HI(aq) |
| Hydroiodic Acid |
| Name - HF(aq) |
| Hydrofluoric Acid |
| Name - HCN |
| Hydrocyanic Acid |
Name - H2S |
| Hydrosulfuric Acid |
| What is an oxoacid? |
It is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. |
What happens if the suffix of the anion is -ate? -ite? |
If it is -ate, it becomes -ic. If it is -ite, it becomes -ous. |
| Name - H2CO3 |
| Carbonic Acid |
| Name - HNO4 |
Nitric Acid |
Name - HNO3 |
| Nitrous Acid |
Name - H2SO3 |
| Sulfuric Acid |
| Name - H3PO4 |
Phosphuric Acid |
Name - HClO3 |
| Chloric Acid |
| Name - HClO4 |
| Perchloric Acid |
| Name - HClO2 |
| Chlorous Acid |
| Name - HClO |
| Hypochlorous Acid |
| Name - ClO4- |
| Perchlorate |
| Name - ClO3- |
| Chlorate |
| Name - ClO2- |
| Chlorite |
| Name - ClO- |
| Hypochlorite |
