juvenile delinquency exam 4 – Flashcards
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Kelly is 32 years old and has a history of substance abuse and committing crimes. He drank at 10 and started using marijuana at 13 and experimented with a variety of drugs over the years. His family was violent and criminally inclined. He grew up in a lower-economic neighborhood where crime thrived. Kelly dropped out of school at 16. Given the facts, how might one categorize Kelly ? Burnout Persistent offender Loser Chronic truant
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persistent offender
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The latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) results show that what percent of youths ages 12 to 17 engaged in binge drinking? 8% 15% 21% 33%
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8%
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____________ is probably the most dangerous commonly abused drug. Cocaine Marijuana Inhalants heroin
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heroin
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Results from the most recent PRIDE survey (for the 2009-2010 school year) indicate: substantial increases in drug activity over the last 10 years slight increase in drug activity over the last 10 years moderate reductions in drug activity over the previous school year no change in drug activity over the previous school year
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moderate reductions in drug activity over the previous school year
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Volatile liquids that give off a vapor and produce short-term excitement and euphoria followed by a period of disorientation, are known as: anesthetics inhalants sedatives tranquilizers
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inhalants
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What statement is false with regard to those who persist in both substance abuse and crime? They come from poor families. They do well in school. They use multiple types of drugs and commit crimes frequently. Their family members include other criminals
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they do well in school
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Which of the following was noted as a problem of school-based adolescent drug surveys? the over representation of hard drug users in the survey the exclusion of the most drug prone users the under representation of rural schools the inclusion of high risk substance abusers
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the exclusion of the most drug prone users
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Drew is 17 years old and presents in your facility with depression, hallucinations, and the beginning stages of cirrhosis of the liver. His background is a turbulent, large family, divorce, and academic failure. Drew informs you that his best friend has similar problems. What is not a potential factor as to why Drew is on drugs? Problem behavior syndrome Peer pressure Family factors Genetic factors
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genetic factors
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Although the gateway concept is still being debated, there is little disagreement that serious drug users begin their involvement with: alcohol marijuana heroin cocaine
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alcohol
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The view that the cause of substance abuse can be traced to a personality that has a compulsion for mood-altering drugs is known as: addiction-prone personality problem behavior syndrome neurosis obsessive compulsive
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addiction prone-personality
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Crack is manufactured by using _________________________ to remove hydrochlorides to create a crystaline form of cocaine that can be smoked. sodium bicarbonate sodium phosphate thiamine mononitrate calcium phosphate
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sodium bicarbonate
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Police in a Texas border town have confiscated 250 kilos of cocaine and 50 pounds of heroin smuggled in from Mexico. What type of law enforcement was used to remove the drugs off the street? Source control Dealer targeting Border control Multisystemic effort
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dealer targeting
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Police in a Texas border town have confiscated 250 kilos of cocaine and 50 pounds of heroin smuggled in from Mexico. If a user were to inject a mixture of both cocaine and heroin, what is it called? Speedballing Crackling Mainlining Rushing
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speedballing
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According to the 2011 Monitoring the Future survey, annual use of OxyContin, a prescription painkiller narcotic, ______________ among 12th graders from 2010. increased moderately decreased marginally remained unchanged Increased significantly
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decreased marginally
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The most widely used illegal drug amongst teenagers is: stimulants marijuana heroin crack
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marijuana
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The most recent report from the National Institute of Justice's Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring found that: among juvenile detainees, almost 60 percent of the males tested positive for marijuana among juvenile detainees, almost 60 percent of the females tested positive for marijuana among juvenile detainees, almost 30 percent of the males tested positive for crack among juvenile detainees, almost 30 percent of the females tested positive for crack
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among juvenile detainees, almost 60 percent of the males tested positive for marijuana
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According to the text, how do family factors impact drug use? -The majority of drug users had a normal and functional childhood. - It is most common to find substance abusers in smaller families. -Drug abuse patterns may result from observation of parental drug use. -none of the above
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Drug abuse patterns may result from observation of parental drug use.
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Global rates of interception of cocaine indicate what percent of all imports are seized by law enforcement? 23% 37% 42% 78%
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42%
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A great effort has been made to cut off supplies of drugs by destroying overseas crops and arresting members of drug cartels. This approach is known as: border control street level enforcement tertiary prevention source control
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Source control
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Drew is 17 years old and presents in your facility with depression, hallucinations, and the beginning stages of cirrhosis of the liver. His background is a turbulent, large family, divorce, and academic failure. Drew informs you that his best friend has similar problems. If Drew started using substances at an early age, what more than likely was the gateway drug for Drew? Alcohol Cocaine Marijuana Heroin
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Alcohol
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Drew is 17 years old and presents in your facility with depression, hallucinations, and the beginning stages of cirrhosis of the liver. His background is a turbulent, large family, divorce, and academic failure. Drew informs you that his best friend has similar problems. As Drew's counselor, you address family and psychological issues by focusing on problem-solving and communication skills. What type of treatment are you providing? Psychodynamic Multisystemic Cognitive behavioral Group
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Multisystemic
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Drew is 17 years old and presents in your facility with depression, hallucinations, and the beginning stages of cirrhosis of the liver. His background is a turbulent, large family, divorce, and academic failure. Drew informs you that his best friend has similar problems. Given his symptoms, what substances might he be on? Cocaine and meth Ecstasy and steroids Alcohol and marijuana Alcohol and heroin
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Alcohol and marijuana
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Derived from opium, __________________ is the most commonly used narcotic among adults in the United States. Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana Heroin
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heroin
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Which of the following is not a main form of methamphetamines? Powder Tablets Ice Liquid
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liquid
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Methedrine is the most widely used and most dangerous: amphetamine sedative tranquilizers inhalants
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amphetamine
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What is not one of the key features of a highly structured preschool program? -Developmentally appropriate learning curricula. -Activities for parents to support the school experience at home. -A wide array of cognitive-based enriching activities. -Allowance for the administration of corporal punishment with parental approval. .
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Allowance for the administration of corporal punishment with parental approval.
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If the youth is adjudicated delinquent, the court must decide an outcome or treatment approach; this decision is made during the: adjudication hearing pretrial conference dispositional hearing arraignment
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dispositional hearing
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Under the parens patriae philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are: Informal and non-adversarial Petitioned and sanctioned Formal and bifurcated Formal and adversarial
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Informal and non-adversarial
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According to the text, approximately how many youths are in some form of correctional institution in the United States today? 25,000 57,000 70,000 100,000
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70,000
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Johnny is 13, impulsive, failing school, and is poorly supervised by his parents. He was placed into Big Brothers/Big Sisters. He was matched with a male volunteer who encourages and supports him in various academic ventures and serves as a role model. Johnny's characteristics are ______________________ that increase the potential for future delinquency. risk factors control factors protective factors suppressive factors
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risk factors
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According to research by Tolan and colleagues, what area did mentoring have the largest effect? -Reducing aggression/delinquency -Academic achievement -Reducing teen pregnancy -Reducing alcohol and drug use
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Reducing aggression/delinquency
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Which of the following is not a broad objective of the Nurse-Family Partnership? -Improve the outcomes of pregnancy -Improve women's own personal life-course development -Improve the quality of care that parents provide to their children -All are objectives of the program
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All are objectives of the program
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Many experts believe that juvenile incarceration is overused and support removing as many youths from secure confinement as possible; a concept called: alternative sanctions Decarceration deinstitutionalization waivers
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deinstitutionalization
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Of the evaluations of job training programs, what statement is true? -Participation in the program resulted in varied increases in criminal activity. -For each dollar that was spent on the program, there was a greater cost to taxpayers. -Educational attainment did not flourish under the programs. -Due to skills learned, greater earnings were gained by those in the programs.
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Due to skills learned, greater earnings were gained by those in the programs.
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Programs or policies designed to prevent juvenile delinquency that include police making an arrest as part of an operation to address gang problems are considered: delinquency prevention randomized trials delinquency control experimental prevention
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delinquency prevention
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Which of the following not a feature that accounts for the success of the Nurse-Family Partnership? Use of nurses Targeted nature Use of paraprofessionals Intensity
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Use of paraprofessionals
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Which of the following statements about the U.S. juvenile justice system is false? - in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, nineteen is the maximum age for a youth to fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court -most of the nation's police agencies have juvenile components -most children come into the justice system as a result of contact with a police officer -none of the above statements are false
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in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, nineteen is the maximum age for a youth to fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court
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Waiving a juvenile who committed a serious crime is not dependent upon: Prior record Likelihood of rehabilitation Availability of treatment services Victim's impact statement
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Victim's impact statement
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Which of the following statements about the juvenile justice system is false? -The terminology used in juvenile justice is designed to stigmatize kids. -Some states are experimenting with peer-run teen courts. -The juvenile justice process consists of a series of steps from intake through post-disposition. -There are conflicting values in juvenile justice that pit crime control against treatment.
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The terminology used in juvenile justice is designed to stigmatize kids.
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According to work by Gottfredson and colleagues, what is the main difference between school programs that work and those that do not? -Targeting an array of important risk factors -Increasing school security measures -Focusing on the biggest risk factor only -Eliminating poorly evaluated teachers
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Targeting an array of important risk factors
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The overestimate of the punitiveness of the general public on the part of politicians and others has become known as the: Mythical punitive public Militaristic public Martial law bureaucrats Get tough politicos
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Mythical punitive public
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What research finding about cognitive-based preschool programs is true? -Those who received the program reported as many offenses as the control group. -In comparison to the control group, preschoolers completed more school and had higher monthly earnings. -Whether in preschool or not, findings demonstrated that the dropout rate was similar for the preschoolers and the control group. -The success in preventing juvenile delinquency and improving other life-course outcomes produced substantial financial costs.
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Whether in preschool or not, findings demonstrated that the dropout rate was similar for the preschoolers and the control group.
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Jessica is 16, single and a mother of a 3-month old baby girl. She has been provided weekly visits by a nurse who comes to her place of residence. The nurse gives advice to Jessica about care of her child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition. What broad category of delinquency prevention is being providing to Jessica and her baby? Developmental perspective Systemic review Public health approach Deinstitutionalization
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Public health approach
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The juvenile justice system exercises jurisdiction over two distinct categories of offenders: Abused and neglected Delinquent and status PINS and CHINS Chronic and deprived
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Delinquent and status
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What is true about Job Corps? -The Department of Education developed the program hoping for reductions in social assistance dependence and delinquency. -The three main components of the program are vocational skills training, basic education and health care. -Participation in the program led to an increase in criminal activity due to involvement with deviant and delinquent peers and mentors. -Most of the young people enrolled in the program are not at risk for delinquency, substance abuse, or social assistance dependency.
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The three main components of the program are vocational skills training, basic education and health care.
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Most juvenile court acts require a dispositional hearing separate from the adjudication; this procedure is known as a: bifurcated process adjudicatory hearing sanctioned hearing juvenile justice process
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bifurcated process
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Jessica is 16, single and a mother of a 3-month old baby girl. She has been provided weekly visits by a nurse who comes to her place of residence. The nurse gives advice to Jessica about care of her child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition. What type of delinquency prevention is home visitation within this scenario? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Risk prevention
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Primary prevention
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A(n) __________________ for a juvenile is similar to a criminal trial for an adult. bifurcated process adjudicatory hearing disposition hearing sentencing hearing
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adjudicatory hearing
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What is not an area for which an evaluation of the Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP) found significant reductions in risk? -Aggressive behavior/delinquency -Academic achievement -Peer relationships -Mental health
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Academic achievement
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Tony is 15 and was caught vandalizing school property. He is a first-time, nonviolent offender and was offered to have his case heard in front of his peers. What type of program has been offered to Tony? Systematic Deinstitutionalization Decarceration Diversion
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Diversion
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Jason has assisted the police gather information on a tri-state drug ring since his arrest. He was arrested two years ago for petty theft, use and possession of marijuana, and has continued his use. The officer who controls Jason feels torn with doing his job and helping Jason overcome his addiction. What issue is Jason's police handler facing? Authority complex Aversion Role conflict Discretion
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Role conflict
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Operation Ceasefire utilized a highly focused deterrence strategy that involves communicating to offenders direct and explicit messages about the responses they can expect if certain illegal behavior (e.g., gun violence) is not ceased. This strategy is known as: Community policing Saturation patrol Problem-oriented policing Pulling levers
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Pulling levers
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Which racial group is less likely to believe the police are honest? White Hispanic African-American Asian
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African-American
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It is estimated that _____ percent of all juvenile arrests are handled informally within the police department or referred to a community service agency. 10 23 35 43
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23
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Which of the following is not a warrantless search? Plain view Stop and frisk Search incident to an arrest They are all warrantless searches
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They are all warrantless searches
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According to _____________________, juveniles can waive their Miranda rights, but the validity of the waiver is determined by the circumstances of each case, otherwise known as the totality of the circumstances. People v. Lara Courtright v. Pennsylvania Miranda v. Arizona California v. Prysock
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People v. Lara
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What U.S. Supreme Court case made the Miranda warning applicable to juveniles taken into custody? People v. Lara in re Gault Miranda v. Arizona Breed v. Jones
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in re Gault
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Like adults, juveniles are protected against "___________________" searches and seizures. unfair intrusive unreasonable none of the above
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unreasonable
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Most studies conclude that nine variables are important in the police discretionary process. Which of the following is not one of these variables? the attitude of the complainant the type and seriousness of the offense the offender's prior contacts with the police the officer's personality type
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the officer's personality type
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What policing system was used in England prior to the Norman conquest and the establishment of the watch system? constable system pledge system posse system community policing
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pledge system
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Which of the following statements about juveniles' views about the police is false? - African American teens are more likely to view the police favorably than their white counterparts -White non-Hispanic youth are the least likely to have a favorable view of the police of all racial/ethic groups -Asian and Hispanic youth are less likely to view the police favorably than their African American counterparts -all of the above are true
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African American teens are more likely to view the police favorably than their white counterparts
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What statement about race and police discretion is false? -African American youth are arrested at a rate proportionate to their representation in the population. -African American drivers are disproportionately stopped by police. -African Americans are more likely than European Americans to be recommended for formal processing. -African Americans are more likely than European Americans to be given harsher dispositions for comparable offenses.
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African American youth are arrested at a rate proportionate to their representation in the population.
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Crimes such as murder, rape, and ________________ are felonies. Speeding disturbing the peace petty larceny robbery
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robbery
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Which of the following statements about police informants is true? -they share information with police in exchange for money or special treatment -they are undercover cops that develop access to criminal networks -the evidence obtained through informants is inadmissible in court -they are not utilized during investigations involving juveniles
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they share information with police in exchange for money or special treatment
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Federal funding from the _________________, an agency set up to fund justice-related programs, was a catalyst for developing hundreds of new police programs and enhancing police services for children. C.O.P.S O.J.J.D.P. L.E.A.A. N.I.J.
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L.E.A.A.
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The systematic nature of problem-oriented policing is characterized by its adherence to a four-step model, often referred to as: B.A.R.T. C.O.P.S. S.A.R.A. D.A.R.E.
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S.A.R.A.
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_______________ refers to a style of law enforcement that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents alone. -Traditional policing -Problem-oriented policing -Community policing -Professional policing
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Problem-oriented policing
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________________________ is an evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's or another group's problem or dispute was handled by police. Probable cause Procedural justice Discretionary review Community resolution
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Procedural justice
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___________________ was the chief of police in Berkeley, California, who required university training, used modern management techniques, and instituted prevention programs. Wilson Parker Peel Vollmer
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Vollmer
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Stacy is stopped by a police officer for loitering and obnoxious and harassing behavior. She is known to be a troublemaker and upon questioning by police, Stacy "cops" an attitude and denies her involvement. The officer is about to take her in, when Stacy's parents arrive and speak with the officer and inform him that she is in therapy and a treatment program. He lets Stacy go with a verbal warning. What situational factor is evident in this scenario that helped with Stacy receiving only a verbal warning? -Attitude of the offender -Prior police contact -Parents willingness to solve the problem -Stacy's denial of alleged actions
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Parents willingness to solve the problem
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Operation Ceasefire has two main elements: a direct law enforcement focus on illicit gun traffickers who supply youth with guns and: -an attempt to generate a strong deterrent to gang violence -reduction in unlicensed street vendors -reduction in truancy in city schools -reintegration of hard core gang members into conventional society
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an attempt to generate a strong deterrent to gang violence
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In a classic 1963 study, Nathan Goldman examined the arrest records of more than 1,000 juveniles from four communities in Pennsylvania and concluded that _________ of police contacts with juveniles were handled informally. 16% 37% 48% 64%
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64%
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The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program is one example of a _______________________ partnership to prevent delinquency. police and community school and community police and school police and community
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police and school
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The most important police official in the American colonies was: Watchman Sheriff top pledge police chief
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Sheriff
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Since the mid-1990s, the juvenile violence rate has: surged insurmountably remained stable reduced substantially tripled
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reduced substantially
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Johnny was found delinquent and was sentenced to a secure detention facility for 18 months. He was represented by a newly licensed juvenile public defender. Johnny's parents are considering an appeal based on deficiencies in his defense. Juvenile court statutes normally restrict appeals to cases where the juvenile seeks review of a _________________, which is a document that ends the litigation between two parties by determining all their rights and disposing of all the issues. final order writ of habeas corpus confidentiality agreement consent decree
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final order
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In about twenty-nine states, certain offenses are automatically excluded from juvenile court; this type of legislation is called: reverse waiver concurrent jurisdiction judicial waiver statutory exclusion
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statutory exclusion
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Which of the following is a problem in public defender services for indigent juveniles in Pennsylvania? -In some counties, up to 30 percent of children appear without counsel -In one jurisdiction, public defenders handle about 360 cases per year -Some 44 percent of defense attorneys said they had no or inadequate access to investigators -About 94 percent of defense attorneys do not have access to independent investigators or social workers
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About 94 percent of defense attorneys do not have access to independent investigators or social workers
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According to the text and prior research, what is false with concern to the attorney-juvenile relationship? -Many juvenile offenders represented by court-appointed attorneys trust them. -Legal representation was one of the strongest predictors of an out-of-home placement disposition. -There is a need to improve the competency of juvenile defense attorneys. -There is a need to overcome some of the time constraints they face in case preparation.
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-Many juvenile offenders represented by court-appointed attorneys trust them.
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There are three alternatives for providing children with legal counsel. Which of the following is not of these alternatives? -an all-public defender program -an appointed private-counsel system -a combination of public defenders and appointed private attorneys -a juvenile's legal guardian can defend him/her
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a juvenile's legal guardian can defend him/her
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A ______________________ is appointed by the court and advocates on behalf of the youth's best interest, especially in abuse, neglect, and dependency cases. defense attorney court appointed counsel guardian ad litem ombudsmen
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guardian ad litem
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Ben has been arrested for a violent purse snatching. While in custody, police cannot determine if Ben is the juvenile's real name, the location of a parent or guardian, or other pertinent information. They have decided to hold him until formal charges are filed. In Schall v. Martin, the U.S. Supreme Court allows the practice of _____________, which grants the state the right to detain dangerous youth until their trial for the protection of the juvenile and community. denial of bail intake processing preventive detention consent decree
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preventive detention
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Once the agency makes a decision that judicial disposition is required, a ____________ is filed. petition waiver indictment arrest warrant
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petition
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As a result of two Supreme Court cases, ____________________, states that have transfer hearings must provide certain rights to the juvenile, including sufficient notice to the child's family and defense attorney, the right to counsel, and a statement of the reason for the court order regarding transfer. Schall and Martin Gault and Miranda Kent and Breed McKeiver and Smith
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kent and breed
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Which of the following is a duty that both the prosecutor and judge are assigned? -Assume responsibility for holding disposition hearings and deciding on the treatment accorded to the child -Waiving a juvenile into the adult system -Make decisions about plea-bargaining agreements and the informal adjustment of juvenile cases -Representing the interests of the state and bringing the case against the accused juvenile
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Waiving a juvenile into the adult system
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Johnny was found delinquent and was sentenced to a secure detention facility for 18 months. He was represented by a newly licensed juvenile public defender. Johnny's parents are considering an appeal based on deficiencies in his defense. What issues might Johnny's attorney have faced during his trial that impeded a good defense? -Lack of resources for expert witnesses -Ability to keep up with changing juvenile codes -Inexperience and limited training -All of these are issues
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all of these are issues
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Alternatives to detention that provide temporary care to children in physically unrestricting facilities while the court disposes of their cases are known as: community housing training schools shelter care refuge centers
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shelter care
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Gerald is 16 years old and is on trial for a double homicide in a criminal court. In the state where he was charged, the prosecutor decides what court to file charges. What U.S. Supreme Court case ensures due process rights for juveniles, including the right to an attorney at a transfer hearing? Roper v. Simmons Miller v. Alabama Breed v. Jones In re Gault
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In re Gault
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According to previous research, what factor is not key in predicting longer time spent in detention? Early age of first delinquency adjudication Prior mental health service Being African-American Educational attainment
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Educational attainment
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Which of the following best describes the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Breed v. Jones? -youths have the right to procedural due process in waiver hearings -youths are protected against unreasonable searches and seizures -youths are protected against double jeopardy -youths can be held in preventive detention if they are a flight risk or a threat to the community
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youths are protected against double jeopardy
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The most damaging criticism has been that diversion programs are involving children in the juvenile justice system who previously would have been released without official notice. This is referred to as: diversion discretion net widening probation
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net widening
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Ben has been arrested for a violent purse snatching. While in custody, police cannot determine if Ben is the juvenile's real name, the location of a parent or guardian, or other pertinent information. They have decided to hold him until formal charges are filed. What is false with regard to juvenile detention? -About 20% of juveniles with a delinquency case are detained. -Juveniles are placed in adult facilities with regularity in urban areas. -Children should not be held in a detention facility for more than 24 hours without a formal petition being filed to extend the detention period -None are false.
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Juveniles are placed in adult facilities with regularity in urban areas.
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Gerald is 16 years old and is on trial for a double homicide in a criminal court. In the state where he was charged, the prosecutor decides what court to file charges. If Gerald is acquitted in criminal court, what U.S. Supreme Court case ensures he cannot be tried again in juvenile court? Roper v. Simmons Miller v. Alabama Breed v. Jones McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
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breed vs. jones
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What percent of juveniles are detained in delinquency cases? 10% 21% 33% 47%
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21%
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In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court put an end to: -the practice of requiring bail from minors -the practice of the death penalty for juveniles -the practice of sentencing juveniles to life in prison without the possibility of parole -none of the above
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the practice of the death penalty for juveniles
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A federal study of juveniles waived to criminal court in the nation's 40 largest counties found that 62 percent of waived youth were: European American Hispanic American African American Asian American
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African American
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Which of the following is not one of the duties of the prosecutor? -Initiate or to discontinue delinquency or status-offense allegations -Represents the child at adjudication -Decides of whether to waive a case to adult court -Represents the interests of the state
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Represents the child at adjudication
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At the end of the adjudication hearing, most juvenile court statutes require the judge to make a factual finding on the legal issues and evidence. What is not one of the ways the case is resolved? -The juvenile court judge, upon adjudication, transfers the case to the adult system. -The juvenile court judge dismisses the case because of insufficient or faulty evidence. -The juvenile court judge makes a finding of fact that the juvenile is delinquent or in need of supervision. -The juvenile court judge makes a finding of fact that the child or juvenile is not delinquent or in need of supervision
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The juvenile court judge, upon adjudication, transfers the case to the adult system.
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Gerald is 16 years old and is on trial for a double homicide in a criminal court. In the state where he was charged, the prosecutor decides what court to file charges. Based on the scenario, what type of waiver procedure occurred? Statutory exclusion Concurrent jurisdiction Judicial waiver Reverse waiver
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Concurrent jurisdiction
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What is/are a core value of the restorative justice model? crime is an offense against human relationships victims and the community are central to justice processes the first priority of justice processes is to assist victims all of the above
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all of the above
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Which is not a residential program for juveniles? Group home Rural programs Foster home Reform school
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reform school
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In __________________, a federal court argued that rehabilitation is the true purpose of the juvenile court and that, without that goal, due process guarantees are violated. Pena v. New York State Division for Youth Inmates of the Boys' Training School v. Affleck Santana v. Callazo In Re Murphy
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Pena v. New York State Division for Youth
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In ___________________, the offender is required to stay home during specific periods of time; monitoring is done by random phone calls and visits or by electronic devices. milieu therapy boot camps wilderness probation house arrest
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house arrest
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What is true about restitution? -Requiring youths to reimburse the victims of their crimes is the most widely used method of restitution in the Europe. -The use of restitution is decreasing. -Restitution programs can be employed at various stages of the juvenile justice process. -Restitution is cost prohibitive for most juvenile justice systems.
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Restitution programs can be employed at various stages of the juvenile justice process.
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Programs involving outdoor expeditions that provide opportunities for juveniles to confront the difficulties of their lives while achieving positive personal satisfaction are generally referred to as: milieu therapy boot camps wilderness probation house arrest
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wilderness probation
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Paul is a gang member who committed a robbery. As part of his community treatment, he must remain in his residence from 8 p.m. until 8 a.m. daily, and is required to call into his probation officer from his home phone when a computer-generated call is made to him. What type of electronic monitoring is evident in the scenario? Active monitoring Balanced monitoring Passive monitoring Intensive monitoring
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Passive monitoring
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____________________ programs are counseling programs in which peer leaders encourage other youths to conform to conventional behavior. Milieu therapy Psychotherapy Reality therapy Positive peer culture
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positive peer culture
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Jeremy was adjudicated delinquent and must adhere to a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration in a juvenile correctional facility. He wears an ankle bracelet that allows him to travel in the community and informs his probation officer of his location in real-time. What type of sanction was Jeremy given? Probation Aftercare Parole Reentry
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Probation
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____________________ is the primary form of correctional treatment used by the juvenile justice system. Probation Electronic monitoring Shelter care Individual counseling
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Probation
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_____________________ encompasses a set of rules and conditions that must be met for the offender to remain in the community. Aftercare Parole Probation Diversion
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probation
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At what stage does a juvenile probation officer determine whether court intervention is necessary? Intake Postadjudication Predisposition Postdisposition
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intake
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Murray and Cox report there is a ___________________, a reduction in the number of arrests per year, following release from a secure treatment facility. sensitizing effect suppression effect brutalization effect resiliency effect
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suppression effect
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Jeremy was adjudicated delinquent and must adhere to a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration in a juvenile correctional facility. He wears an ankle bracelet that allows him to travel in the community and informs his probation officer of his location in real-time. What type of electronic monitoring is evident in the scenario? Active monitoring Balanced monitoring Passive monitoring Intensive monitoring
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Active monitoring
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A juvenile can reimburse the victim of a crime or donate money to a charity or public cause; this is called: community service a fine monetary restitution monetary probation
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monetary restitution
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What is false with regard to the physical conditions of juvenile institutions? -New institutional facilities house offenders with similar backgrounds together in one room. -The most effective design for training schools is to have facilities located around a community square. -Most institutions provide toilet and bath facilities, beds, desks, lamps, and tables. -Data indicate 25% of juvenile facilities are either at capacity or overcrowded.
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New institutional facilities house offenders with similar backgrounds together in one room.
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What statement is true about electronic monitoring? -The costs are higher than incarceration. -Institutional overcrowding is reduced. -Passive monitoring systems consist of a radio transmitter worn by the offender that sends a continuous signal to the probation department computer. -Active monitoring uses computer-generate random phone calls that must be answered in a certain period of time.
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Institutional overcrowding is reduced.
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Which of the following is not a 20th century development in juvenile corrections? -Reform schools began to adopt a militaristic style. -Emphasis was placed on reception/classification centers. -Conservation camps were utilized as a means of rehabilitation. -Cottage systems were created for juvenile offenders.
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Cottage systems were created for juvenile offenders.
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Paul is a gang member who committed a robbery. As part of his community treatment, he must remain in his residence from 8 p.m. until 8 a.m. daily, and is required to call into his probation officer from his home phone when a computer-generated call is made to him. What is the primary goal of Paul's supervision? Decarceration Aftercare Community reentry Restoration
answer
Community reentry
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_____________________ is based on the theory that all behavior is learned and that current behavior can be shaped through rewards and punishments. Reality therapy Psychotherapy Electric shock therapy Behavior modification
answer
Behavior modification
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Jeremy was adjudicated delinquent and must adhere to a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration in a juvenile correctional facility. He wears an ankle bracelet that allows him to travel in the community and informs his probation officer of his location in real-time. Within the context of the scenario, wearing an ankle bracelet can be considered a: secure alternative suppression effort condition of probation condition of aftercare
answer
condition of probation
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In 2008, formal probation accounted for more than ______ of all juvenile dispositions. one-half one-third two-thirds one-quarter
answer
one-half
question
Which of the following statement about balanced probation is true? -balanced probation is based on the principle that juvenile offenders must accept responsibility for their behaviour -balanced probation systems integrate community protection and individualized attention to the offender -balanced probation programs are based on the view that juveniles are responsible for their actions and have an obligation to society -all of the above are true
answer
all of the above are true
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What is not a goal of Juvenile intensive probation supervision? Control Incarceration Reintegration Maintaining community ties
answer
incarceration
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Jeremy was adjudicated delinquent and must adhere to a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration in a juvenile correctional facility. He wears an ankle bracelet that allows him to travel in the community and informs his probation officer of his location in real-time. Based on the type of sanction, what correctional treatment has been provided to Jeremy? Institutional Intensive Suppressive Community
answer
community
