Question 1

Historically, concern for the negative effects of child maltreatment came about with the case of: a. Charles Lindbergh, Jr.  b. Mary Ellen Wilson  c. Adam Walsh  d. Megan Kanka

Accepted Answer

B: Mary Ellen Wilson

Question 2

James\' parents were married for 10 years. Currently, he lives with his divorced mom who works full-time.  Approximately what percent of children live with two parents?  23%   47%   66%   78%

Accepted Answer

66%

Question 3

In ________________________, the Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Constitution protects against government interference with certain fundamental rights and liberty interests, including parents\' fundamental right to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and control of their children.  Jones v. Kentucky  White v. Illinois  Troxel v. Granville  Kramer v. Kramer

Accepted Answer

Troxel v. Granville

Question 4

Nye established a link between parental conflict and delinquency with the finding that:   children of transient workers have higher delinquency rates than other groups    a child\'s perception of marital happiness was a significant predictor of delinquency    children who witness marital violence have higher delinquency rates than other groups    children who are victimized in the home have higher delinquency rates than other groups

Accepted Answer

a child\'s perception of marital happiness was a significant predictor of delinquency

Question 5

Approximately, how many of American children currently live in poverty?  500,000   3 million   6 million   12 million

Accepted Answer

6 million

Question 6

Tom is the oldest of five children. His parents both work at low-paying, unskilled jobs. They are not home regularly and when they are verbally fight; at times, the fights escalate to physical aggression. Tom and his brothers and sisters have witnessed the violence on occasion and have also been direct victims of harsh discipline and physical abuse.  Who in Tom\'s family may suffer the most due to resource dilution?  Tom   The middle child   The youngest sibling   His parents

Accepted Answer

The middle child

Question 7

Casey is a 10-year old victim of sexual abuse by a family member. His perpetrator\'s case will go to trial and Casey is on the witness list.  What is known about the abuse-delinquency link?   Regardless of the type, abuse impacts girls only.   Kids maltreated solely during early childhood may be less likely to engage in chronic delinquency.   There are no racial differences in the long-term effect of abuse on delinquency.   The link is questionable.

Accepted Answer

Kids maltreated solely during early childhood may be less likely to engage in chronic delinquency.

Question 8

At the ____________________, the social service agency presents its case plan, which includes visitation plans, services, or other conditions of the formal agreement.  adjudication hearing   disposition hearing   pretrial conference   review hearing

Accepted Answer

disposition hearing

Question 9

What statement about childcare is false according to the text?  A relative primarily cares for about 48 % of children ages 0-4 with employed mothers.  Several states neither license nor monitor private providers of daycare.   Like many other Western countries, the United States provides universal day care to working mothers.   Children from working poor families are most likely to suffer from inadequate childcare.

Accepted Answer

Like many other Western countries, the United States provides universal day care to working mothers.

Question 10

A ____________________ is a lawyer appointed by the court to look after the interests of those who do not have the capacity to assert their own rights.  guardian ad litem  attorney del casa  counsel del rio  counselor de prima

Accepted Answer

guardian ad litem

Question 11

Which of the following statements about child abuse and neglect is false?  parents who themselves suffered abuse tend to abuse their own children   isolated and alienated families tend to become abusive   victimization rates are higher for older children than their younger brothers and sisters   African-American children suffer child abuse rates far higher than European American children

Accepted Answer

victimization rates are higher for older children than their younger brothers and sisters

Question 12

Which of the following is not among the elements that distinguish effective and ineffective families?  Harsh discipline   Communication   Inconsistent supervision   Father\'s employment

Accepted Answer

Fathers employment

Question 13

In ____________________, the Court ruled that one-way CCTV could serve as the equivalent of in court testimony and would not interfere with the defendant\'s right to confront witnesses.  Jones v. Kentucky  White v. Illinois  Maryland v. Craig  Kramer v. Kramer

Accepted Answer

Maryland v. Craig

Question 14

In the United States today, an estimated ________ children die each year because of abuse.  500   900   1200   1600

Accepted Answer

1600

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the effects of family conflict is false?  Children who experienced any form of family violence were more likely to act out than those who avoided relational conflict.  There is a vast difference in the behavior of children who witness violence versus those who are its victims.   Adolescents who are incarcerated report having grown up in dysfunctional homes.   Kids who are conflict prone may actually help to destabilize households.

Accepted Answer

There is a vast difference in the behavior of children who witness violence versus those who are its victims.

Question 16

Which one of the following was not a finding of Conger\'s research on economic stress and the family?  As parents become more emotionally distressed, they tend to interact with one another and their children in a more irritable and less supportive fashion.  Marital stability and consistent parenting increase children\'s risk of suffering developmental problems.  Economic stress processes decrease children\'s ability to function in a competent manner in school and with peers.  Parents, who remain supportive and demonstrate effective problem-solving skills in spite of hardship, shield their children and themselves from adverse consequences of economic stress.

Accepted Answer

Marital stability and consistent parenting increase children\'s risk of suffering developmental problems.

Question 17

James\' parents were married for 10 years. Currently, he lives with his divorced mom who works full-time.  What is the association between James\' mom\'s employment and his delinquency?  It is a direct cause   It is an indirect cause   The relationship is spurious   It is unknown.

Accepted Answer

It is unknown.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a blended family?  nuclear families made up of two parents, their children, and grandparents   nuclear families made up of two parents and their children   nuclear made up of children and one single parent   nuclear families that are the product of divorce and remarriage

Accepted Answer

nuclear families that are the product of divorce and remarriage

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the American family is false?  over two-thirds of underage children live in two-parent families   about 65 percent of African America children will experience parental separation or divorce   about one-quarter of all mothers of school-age children are employed   none of the above statements are false

Accepted Answer

about one-quarter of all mothers of school-age children are employed

Question 20

A study of more than 4,000 youths in Denver, Pittsburgh, and Rochester found that the more often a child is forced to go through family transitions:  the more his or her grades suffer   the more likely he or she is to be diagnosed with clinical depression   the more likely he or she is to become extroverted   the more likely he or she is to become delinquent

Accepted Answer

the more likely he or she is to become delinquent

Question 21

During a _____________________, the court reviews the facts of the case, determines whether removal of the child from the home is justified, and notifies the parents of charges against them.   advisement hearing   adjudication hearing   family court trial   interlocutory hearing

Accepted Answer

advisement hearing

Question 22

According to the latest information, what racial and/or ethnic category has the highest birth rate?  Asian   African American   White   Hispanic

Accepted Answer

Hispanic

Question 23

Psychologists suggest that maltreatment encourages children to use ________________ as a means of solving problems and prevents them from feeling empathy for others.  rationality   aggression   introspection   resistance

Accepted Answer

aggression

Question 24

Casey is a 10-year old victim of sexual abuse by a family member. His perpetrator\'s case will go to trial and Casey is on the witness list.  According to the text, sexual abuse accusations often:  are discounted   involve upper-class families   are made in conjunction with marital disputes   require extraneous witnesses

Accepted Answer

are made in conjunction with marital disputes

Question 25

The term \"battered child syndrome\" was coined by:  Henry Kempe   Meda Chesney-Lind   Mary Ellen Wilson   David Farrington

Accepted Answer

Henry Kempe

Question 26

Which of the following best describes the most common reason for gang member migration in the United States?  political, to spread the influence of gangs   social, the gang member\'s family moves  economic, to spread the drug distribution network   social, to spread the social networks of the gang

Accepted Answer

social, the gang member\'s family moves

Question 27

Previously impoverished inner-city districts of major cities such as New York and Chicago are now quite fashionable and expensive, devoted to finance, retail stores, high-priced condos, and entertainment. Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of this development that inhibits urban gang formation?  there are few residential areas and thus few adolescent recruits   juveniles who live there often work in the financial and commercial businesses   there are less police there to catch potential law violators   there is less to steal in those areas

Accepted Answer

there are few residential areas and thus few adolescent recruits

Question 28

Michael is 13 years old and has both a good relationship with his parents and with close group of friends who know him well. Some of these friends have engaged in various delinquent activities. One friend, John, is rather aggressive and is liked by some in the group and not others. Michael also has a wider circle of friends from his participation in Boy Scouts and hockey.  Michael binge drinks with his closest friends. This is this illustrative of:  co-offending   representing   prestige crimes   masculinity hypothesis

Accepted Answer

co-offending

Question 29

Which of the following statements about gangs in the 1950s and 1960s is false?  The threat of gangs and gang violence swept the public consciousness.   By the mid-1960s, the gang menace seemed to have peaked.   In the 1960s, some gangs shifted their emphasis from criminal behavior to get involved in social or political activities.  The decrease in gang menace was partially due to many gang members being drafted into the army.

Accepted Answer

By the mid-1960s, the gang menace seemed to have peaked.

Question 30

According to __________________ theory, delinquents are as detached from their peers as they are from other elements of society.  sociocultural   control   social disorganization   strain

Accepted Answer

control

Question 31

According to Fagan, which of the following categories of gangs is \"on the verge of becoming a formal criminal organization\"?  a social gang  a party gang  a serious delinquent gang  an organized gang

Accepted Answer

an organized gang

Question 32

Co-offending is defined as:  the tendency for youths to commit 2 or more delinquent acts rather than a single act   the tendency for youths to use drugs or alcohol when they commit delinquent acts   the tendency to commit delinquent acts in small groups rather than alone   the tendency for youths to commit delinquent acts when with older youths

Accepted Answer

the tendency to commit delinquent acts in small groups rather than alone

Question 33

What statement about adolescent peer relations is false?   Peer influence is gender specific.   Peer influence may be more important than parental nurturance in the development of long-term behavior.  Peers may actually outweigh the influence of parents in producing a delinquent way of life.   The number and the variety of friendships increase as children go through adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Peer influence is gender specific.

Question 34

A ________________ gang concentrates on drug use and sales but forgoes most delinquent behavior.  social  party  serious delinquent  organized

Accepted Answer

party

Question 35

According to the _____________ view, ganging can provide girls with a sense of sisterhood, independence, and solidarity, as well as a chance to earn profit through illegal activities.   liberation   social injury   rational choice   anthropological

Accepted Answer

liberation

Question 36

What is not a form of communication used by gangs?  Graffiti   Internet   Hand signs   All are forms of communication

Accepted Answer

All are forms of communication

Question 37

In recent years, gang control has often been left to local police departments and has taken three basic forms. Which of the following is not one of these basic forms?  youth services programs   gang details   gang units   peer-gang educators

Accepted Answer

peer-gang educators

Question 38

According to Thrasher, ___________________ areas are cracks and voids in the social, political, and economic fabric of society.  extraterrestrial   spacial elliptical   interstitial   geographic void

Accepted Answer

interstitial

Question 39

Julie is a 16-year old member of an independent female gang. Her family background was turbulent and she was victimized at home and in school. Since joining the gang, Julie has been able to buy clothes, an iPad, and a new car by selling drugs and turning tricks. Recently, she found out she is pregnant and decided to keep the baby.  According to the ____________ view, ganging provides girls with independence and a chance to earn profit through illegal activities.   liberation   social injury   critical feminist   prestige status

Accepted Answer

liberation

Question 40

Which of the following is not one of the largest African American gangs in the United States?  Bloods   Crips   Black P. Stone Nation   Creed

Accepted Answer

Creed

Question 41

Jimmy, known as Lil\' Jam to his crew, is 17 years old and has been a member of the Crips since he was 10 years old. He comes from a lower-class neighborhood and a dysfunctional family. He has participated in a number of gang-related crimes, including physically assaulting a rival gang member to gain entry into the gang and notoriety in the neighborhood.  Which is not one of the unique characteristics of the racial gang provided in the scenario?  the use of a nickname   distinctive hairstyle   fierce loyalty   wearing rags

Accepted Answer

wearing rags

Question 42

Jimmy, known as Lil\' Jam to his crew, is 17 years old and has been a member of the Crips since he was 10 years old. He comes from a lower-class neighborhood and a dysfunctional family. He has participated in a number of gang-related crimes, including physically assaulting a rival gang member to gain entry into the gang and notoriety in the neighborhood.  Jimmy\'s physical assault as part of his gang initiation is considered:   a prestige crime   co-offending   a controversial status   bullying

Accepted Answer

a prestige crime

Question 43

According to the ____________________ view, female members are still sexually exploited by male gang boys and are sometimes forced to exploit other females.  liberation   social injury   rational choice   anthropological

Accepted Answer

social injury

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the psychological view of gang formation is true?  kids join gangs for protection, fun, and survival   gangs appeal to kids\' tribal instincts  gangs form because of destructive sociocultural forces in disorganized inner-city areas   kids with personality problems form gangs and become leaders

Accepted Answer

kids with personality problems form gangs and become leaders

Question 45

William Julius Wilson contends that older members are still active to some degree in gangs because:  young adults choose gang life over conventional roles   older gang members are forced to remain through fear and intimidation   they occupy lucrative leadership roles in the gang   of the inability to find adequate jobs

Accepted Answer

of the inability to find adequate jobs

Question 46

With regard to gang leadership, which statement is false?  Those who assume leadership roles earned their position by demonstrating fighting prowess, verbal quickness, or athletic distinction.  In some gangs, each age level has its own leaders.   Older members are considered leaders by younger members.   Less organized gangs are marked by diffuse and shifting leadership.

Accepted Answer

Older members are considered leaders by younger members.

Question 47

Julie is a 16-year old member of an independent female gang. Her family background was turbulent and she was victimized at home and in school. Since joining the gang, Julie has been able to buy clothes, an iPad, and a new car by selling drugs and turning tricks. Recently, she found out she is pregnant and decided to keep the baby.  Given the scenario, which of the following may not be a reason why Julie joined a gang?  Protection   Financial opportunity   Family dysfunction   Peer pressure

Accepted Answer

Peer pressure

Question 48

When gang members toss or flash signs to proclaim their gang membership, this is called:  fronting   passing   badging   representing

Accepted Answer

representing

Question 49

Subgroups of same-aged youths in Latino gangs that remain together and have separate names and a unique identity in the gang are known as ______.  barrios   cohorts   klikas   near groups

Accepted Answer

klikas

Question 50

A _________________ gang is heavily involved in criminality, particularly in drug sales and they use violence to establish control over drug sale territories.  social  party  organized  none of the above

Accepted Answer

organized

Question 51

Academic tracking refers to:  school monitoring student performance to identify students that need help   recording where students end up five years after graduation   dividing students into groups according to ability and achievement level   identifying patterns of delinquency and victimization inside schools

Accepted Answer

dividing students into groups according to ability and achievement level

Question 52

Research by Dorn leads him to believe that:   The dropout problem is a function of inequality of educational opportunity rather than the failure of individual students.  The proportion of African Americans who fail to graduate do not take advantage of the services and support provided by the educational system.  The relatively high dropout rate among minorities is due to individual lack of interest and follow-through.  Minorities who dropout prefer the economic opportunities of the streets and choose to leave for greater financial gain at a younger age.

Accepted Answer

The dropout problem is a function of inequality of educational opportunity rather than the failure of individual students.

Question 53

Which of the following is not an educational factor related to dropping out?  Maintaining a grade point average just below a 2.0   Failing one course   Missing 10% of instructional time in a school year   The use of suspensions and transfers by school administration as the solution to troublemakers.

Accepted Answer

Missing 10% of instructional time in a school year

Question 54

Research indicates that the social and educational atmosphere of a school:  is one of the most important predictors of levels of violence.   is the least important predictors of levels of violence.   has no impact on school crime   has proven to be a mixed bag of results on levels of crime and violence

Accepted Answer

is one of the most important predictors of levels of violence.

Question 55

What is not one of the effects of dropping out of high school?  The median income of dropouts is substantially less than those who complete.   Dropouts report higher tax contributions than those who complete.   Dropouts make up a disproportionately higher percentage of the nation\'s prison and death row inmates.  Those who leave school early have a long history of poor school performance and antisocial behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Dropouts report higher tax contributions than those who complete.

Question 56

Jazmyn is a 15-year old black Hispanic female who attends an inner-city high school in an economically disadvantaged part of town, where the completion rate is below 40%. Her GPA her first year was below 2.0 due to stress from family dysfunction and conflict. Because she has been placed in remedial classes, Jazmyn has no interest in academics and has been hanging out with older kids who engage in criminal behaviors. She recently started to act out in classes.  Placement of Jazmyn in remedial classes is known as:   tracking   school failure   alienation   underachieving

Accepted Answer

tracking

Question 57

High schools with a completion rate of 40% or less are known as:  dropout factories   underachievers   school failure districts   failing schools

Accepted Answer

dropout factories

Question 58

A school-based prevention program based on behavioral strategies is most likely to involve:  increasing students\' awareness about the dangers of drug abuse and delinquency  improving students\' psychological assets and self-image to give them the resources to resist antisocial behavior  training students in techniques to resist peer pressure   treating youths who have already manifested problems

Accepted Answer

training students in techniques to resist peer pressure

Question 59

What statement with regard to schools is false?   The school plays no role in shaping the values of children.   The school itself has become an engine of social change and improvement.   A single school failure often leads to a pattern of chronic failure.   The school has become a primary determinant of economic and social status.

Accepted Answer

The school plays no role in shaping the values of children.

Question 60

Over time the overall dropout rate has:  increased   decreased   stayed the same   not been measured by U.S. school officials

Accepted Answer

decreased

Question 61

Which of the following best describes the United States Supreme Court ruling in Ingraham v. Wright concerning corporal punishment in schools?  the eighth amendment prohibits corporal punishment in schools   neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment was violated by a teacher\'s use of corporal punishment to discipline students  the court ruled that only reasonable discipline is allowed in schools   corporal punishment in schools is legal in only 3 states

Accepted Answer

neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment was violated by a teacher\'s use of corporal punishment to discipline students

Question 62

Mark is white, 16-years old and has been bullied since elementary school. He has a history of feeling isolated and severe depression. He recently wrote disturbing and threatening prose in English class.  What is false regarding victims of school crimes?   School crime is random.   Some kids are targeted.   Impulsivity increased the risk of victimization.   Risky behavior increases the likelihood of victimization.

Accepted Answer

School crime is random.

Question 63

Cohen contends that delinquency among lower class youths is a result of their poor preparation and socialization to function in schools. According to Cohen they essentially failed to live up to:  the final cut   par   standards of decency   middle-class measuring rods

Accepted Answer

middle-class measuring rods

Question 64

About what percent of students report bringing a weapon to school regularly?  10   20   30   40

Accepted Answer

10

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