Be Professional
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Be Prepared
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Be Polite
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Ask Open Ended Questions
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Listen
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Be Brief
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Control the interview
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Acknowledge your situation
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Use a tape recorder
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Ask Again
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Ask if you can interview again
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Network
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Re-view your notes ASAP
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Techniques for Interviewing
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-Check your accuracy
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Techniques to Reduce Wordiness
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-use active verbs not passive -ex. man bites dog, not: the dog was bitten by the man watch out for to be and expletive beginning
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Techniques to Reduce Wordiness
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-use it is, there was, -Past tense verbs
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Techniques to Reduce Wordiness
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-she said she thinks that people post avoid adverbs -she walked quickly.. no, use this: she hurried.
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Direct Quotation
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-quotes printed word for word exactly as the speaker said
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Indirect Quotation
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-information which is not made up of the speaker's exact words (paraphrase)
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Partial
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-using a portion of a quote to convey the source's thoughts rather than using the entire quote
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nut graf
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-Paragraph, particularly in a feature story, that explains the news value of the story
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Showing
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-describing- showing audience the events of the world and letting them decide what to make of it
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Telling
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-Interpreting- giving audience your opinion or making generalizations
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Influence of technology
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-speed and shape of the message
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Philosophy of Liberty
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-context and interpretation of the message
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Seven News Values
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-Conflict
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Seven News Values
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-Timeliness
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Seven News Values
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-Prominence -is the person important
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Seven News Values
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-Proximity -geographical -close to the hear -shooting at another school, they are like our campus
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Seven News Values
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-Oddity -will it get attention
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Seven News Values
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-Impact -it is important, it affects people
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Seven News Values
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-Human Interest
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Six of Ten Elements of Journalism
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-Journalism's first obligation is to the truth
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Six of Ten Elements of Journalism
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-Its first loyalty is to the citizens
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Six of Ten Elements of Journalism
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-Its essence is a discipline of verification
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Six of Ten Elements of Journalism
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-Its practitioners must maintain an independence from those they cover
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Six of Ten Elements of Journalism
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-It must serve as an independent monitor of power
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Six of Ten Elements of Journalism
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-It must provide a forum for public criticism and compromise
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Big Three in Television News History
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-CBS
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Big Three in Television News History
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-ABC
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Big Three in Television News History
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-NBC
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CBS owned by?
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-owned by CBS -owns a lot of media outlets -core of business is news, information and entertainment
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ABC owned by?
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-owned by Disney -ABC is a tiny piece of a giant company
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NBC
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-owned by Comcast and General Electric
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How can journalists ensure their loyalty is to the public?
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-The owner/company must be committed to citizens first
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How can journalists ensure their loyalty is to the public?
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-Hire business managers who also put citizens first
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How can journalists ensure their loyalty is to the public?
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-Set and Communicate clear Standards
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How can journalists ensure their loyalty is to the public?
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-Journalists have final say over news
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How can journalists ensure their loyalty is to the public?
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-Communicate clear standards to the public
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How did William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer cover the Spanish-American War?
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-used melodrama, romance, and hyperbole to sell millions of newspapers that became known as YELLOW JOURNALISM
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How did William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer cover the Spanish-American War?
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-the first press-driven war
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How did William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer cover the Spanish-American War?
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-WIlliam Hearst purchased the New York Morning Journal
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5 Steps of Science Verification
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-Never add anything that was not there -don't make things up
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5 Steps of Science Verification
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-Do not deceive -do not link things that are not really true
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5 Steps of Science Verification
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-Be transparent about your own motives and identity -do not go undercover -tell people that you are a reporter
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5 Steps of Science Verification
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-Rely on your own original reporting -don't look at other peoples' stories because they may be wrong -you are taking responsibility for someone else's words if you take their story
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5 Steps of Science Verification
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-Exercise Humility -you could always be wrong, you are not always right
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Anti-Klan Work of New York World
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-Owned by Pulitzer
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Anti-Klan Work of New York World
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-Pulitzer Prize in 1922 for its coverage of KKK applications
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Anti-Klan Work of New York World
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-it was an expose
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Anti-Klan Work of Memphis Commercial Appeal
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-Pulitzer prize in 1923
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Anti-Klan Work of Memphis Commercial Appeal
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-Opposed the election where Klan officials were running for the city council
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Anti-Klan Work of Memphis Commercial Appeal
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-News story about city officials
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Anti-Klan Work of Montgomery Advertiser
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-1928 resistance to enactment of libel laws that could have silenced opposition to KKK
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Anti-Klan Work of Montgomery Advertiser
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-Klan had a lot of local control in Montgomery
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Anti-Klan Work of Montgomery Advertiser
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-Papers said that KKK was wrong and those people should not hold local positions
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Anti-Klan Work of Montgomery Advertiser
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-The Klan tried to create tighter libel laws and then would sue all of the papers that didn't like them
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Ben Bradlee
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-Vice President of The Washington Post
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Ben Bradlee
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-Executive editor of the Washington Post from 1968-1991
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Ben Bradlee
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-Became a nation figure during the Presidency of Richard Nixon when he challenged the government over the right to public the Pentagon Papers
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Ben Bradlee
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-Oversaw the publication of Woodward and Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate Scandal
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Bob Woodward
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-Helped uncover the Watergate Scandal
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Bob Woodward
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-Writer for the Washington Post
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Bob Woodward
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-Influenced Watchdog Reporting (investigative reporting)
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Bob Woodward
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-He helped investigative reporting gain celebrity and sex appeal and redefined the image of the profession
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Carl Bernstein
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-Helped undercover the Watergate Scandal
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Carl Bernstein
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-Led to resignation of President Nixon
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Carl Bernstein
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-His work helped ear the Washington Post a Pulitzer Prize for public service in 1973
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Carl Bernstein
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-investigative reporter for the Washington Post
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Janet Cooke
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-wrote \"Jimmy's World\"- a story of an 8 year old heroin addict in the Washington Post -story was fabricated (made-up)
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Janet Cooke
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-Received a Pulitzer Prize for her work, but it was taken away because her story was fabricated
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Katharine Graham
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-Daughter of Meyer (owner of the Washington Post)
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Katharine Graham
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-Was in charge of the Washington Post when the Watergate story was Published
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Katharine Graham
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-Published the Pentagon Papers in 1971 taking a legal risk
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Daniel Ellsberg
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-US military analyst who released the Pentagon Papes to the New York Times and other newspapers -top-secret study of US government decision-making in relation to the Vietname War
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Daniel Ellsberg
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-Awarded the Right Livelihood award in 2009
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Daniel Ellsberg
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-Ellsberg paradox -is a paradox in decision theory and experimental economics in which people's choices violate the expected utility hypothesis.
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Elijah Lovejoy
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-Martyr for liberty
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Elijah Lovejoy
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-Editor of the Alton Observer
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Elijah Lovejoy
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-Moved to Illinois because it was a free state, the press was getting destroyed by mobs, he defended the press and was killed.
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Elijah Lovejoy
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-Murdered by pro-slavery mobs
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William Lloyd Garrison
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-Editor/Founder of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, in 1831
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William Lloyd Garrison
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-One of the founders of American Anti-Slavery Society
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William Lloyd Garrison
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-Promoted immediate emancipation of the slaves in the US
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William Lloyd Garrison
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-Prominent voice for the woman's suffrage movement
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William Lloyd Garrison
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-Burned the US Constitution
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Charlotta Bass
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-First African American woman to own and operate a newspaper in the US
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Charlotta Bass
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-Published the California Eagle from 1912-1951
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Charlotta Bass
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-1952 first African-American woman nominated for Vice President
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Ida B. Wells
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-African-American journalist and early leader in the civil rights movement
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Ida B. Wells
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-Documented lynching in the US
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Ida B. Wells
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-Press in Memphis was destroyed by mobs so she didn't return to the south for 30 years
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Robert Abbott
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-African-American lawyer and newspaper publisher
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Robert Abbott
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-Founded the Chicago Defender
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Robert Abbott
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-One of the first self-made millionaires of African American descent
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Robert Abbott
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-Hated when people put \"negro\" so he would write \"white people\"
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Robert Abbott
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-Attempted to use his paper to publish rules on proper manners
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Robert Vann
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-Pittsburgh Courier- Newspaper organized by a small group of blacks in March 1910
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Robert Vann
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Developed the Courier into one of the leading black newspapers of the early 20th century
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Lincoln Steffies
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-Acknowledged as one of the first muckrackers
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Lincoln Steffies
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-Alerted American public to the immorality driving city officials throughout the country
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Lincoln Steffies
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-\"Tweed of St.Louis\" was first article
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Lincoln Steffies
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-New York reporter who launched a series of articles in McClure's
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Lincoln Steffies
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-Later published together in the book \"The Shame of the Cities\"
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Ida Tarbell
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-muckraker for McClure's magazine
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Ida Tarbell
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-wrote articles on the \"History of the Standard Oil Company\" that revealed Rockefeller's system of secret and illegal agreements with selected railroads to give him cheaper rates
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Ida Tarbell
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-Her articles in McClure's forced the Standard Oil Company's monopoly to dissolve and forced other major companies to abide by the law
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Ida Tarbell
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-Queen of Muckrakers, \"Modern-Day Joan of Arc\", \"Terror of the Trusts\"
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Upton Sinclair
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-investigative reporter for \"Appeal to Reason\" newspaper
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Upton Sinclair
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-lived among Chicago stockholders to create the series \"The Jungle\"- to show how corrupt these companies were
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Upton Sinclair
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-\"The Jungle\" changed the food and journalism industry (FDA was later created)
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Edward Bok
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-Editor of the Ladies Home Journal
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Edward Bok
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-Credited the coining term: \"living room\"
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Edward Bok
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-Muckraker leader in the campaign against patent drugs
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David Graham Phillips
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-Muckraker for Cosmopolitan Magazine in the 1900s
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David Graham Phillips
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-wrote the series of articles \"The Treason of the Senate!\"
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David Graham Phillips
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-\"The Treason of the Senate!\" influenced the election of senators to be voted on my the people rather than the state legislatures
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David Graham Phillips
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-Took 75 of the 90 Senators out of office by documenting their acts of immorality and bribing of large corporations
