IV Therapy ATI – Flashcards
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A platelet transfusion is indicated for a patient who
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has thrombocytopenia
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What is thrombocytopenia?
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low platelet count
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Prior to administering a blood transfusion, it is essential to explain to the patient that..
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he must immediately report any subjective symptoms like chills, nausea, or itching
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*Which component of blood transports waste products to the kidneys and liver?
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plasma
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What are leukocytes?
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white blood cells, primarily involved in immune reactions
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Which component of blood transports waste products to the kidneys and liver?
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plasma
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What are Erythrocytes?
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red blood cells, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body
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Platelets
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control bleeding through hemostasis
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A patient is about to receive a unit of packed red blood cells. The unit of blood has arrived and you are about to initiate the transfusion. What will help you protect the patient against blood-group incompatibility?
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comparing the ID numbers on the blood unit with those on the order form and the wristband
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A patient who is anticipating total hip replacement is considering autologous transfusion. When teaching this patient about autologous transfusion, it is important to emphasize that
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it eliminates the risk of alloimmunization
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What is an essential nursing action prior to starting a blood transfusion?
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ensure informed consent has been obtained
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A patient who could benefit from a blood-product transfusion has stated on admission that she is a Jehovah's Witness. It is most likely this patient will
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agree to autologous transfusion
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A patient worried about receiving a unit of packed red blood cells. What could you tell tell them for comfort measures?
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donated blood is carefully screened for infectious diseases
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You are caring for a patient with severe trauma whose blood type is A. A blood transfusion is ordered stat. You know that the patient can safely receive blood group O because?
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type O blood contains no A antigens
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universal donor blood type
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type O blood
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what is important to do when administering a transfusion of packed red blood cells?
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make sure the entire unit is transfused within 4 hours
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Why can't blood be left in a room-temperature environment for more than 30 min prior to infusion?
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red blood cells can break down and release potassium into the bloodstream, causing hyperkalemia
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ideally a unit of red blood cells is infused within
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2 hours
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type of protein the immune system produces to neutralize a threat of some kind, such as an incompatible substance in the blood is called
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antibody
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most common type of transfusion reaction. Fever usually develops within 2 hours after the transfusion is started.
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febrile nonhemolytic
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autologous transfusion
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process of collecting, storing, and re-infusing the patient's own blood
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if a patient feels his privacy has been violated and wants to file a formal complaint he would use this agency
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OCR (Office of Civil Rights)
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governs an institution's compliance with policies and procedures that are in place to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths
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OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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evaluates a health care organization's performance in relation to established standards.
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Joint Comission
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oversees the DOJ's privacy policies and compliance with those policies
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Privacy and Civil Liberties Office
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A nurse passing by a computer at the nurses' station notes that patient information is currently being displayed. What should the nurse do?
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locate the nurse responsible for the information and have that person log off
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A parent calls a pediatricians office to make an appointment for her school-age child. The nurse should instruct the patent to call the previous pediatrician's office and request that
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a form authorizing release of copies of the records be sent to her to sign and return
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indication of early infiltration
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- coolness - swelling - pallor - tenderness
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How to secure the catheter after inserting a peripheral IV catheter for a continuous infusion
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leave the connection between the hub and the tubing uncovered
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When is it important to verify and document the integrity and condition of the IV catheter
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broken-off catheter tip indicates the risk for an embolus
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What should the nurse do as he is removing an IV catheter from a patient whose IV infusion has been discontinued?
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pull the catheter straight back from the insertion site
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*Why is an infusion of 0.45% sodium chloride an appropriate prescription for early stage renal failure?
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dilutes extracellular fluid and rehydrates the cells
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A nurse has just initiated a peripheral IV infusion of 5% dextrose in water. How often should she plan to replace the primary infusion tubing?
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every 72 hours
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When should tubing be replaced every 24 hours?
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used to administer blood, blood products, or lipid emulsions
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A nurse initiating a peripheral IV infusion punctures the skin and selected vein and observes blood return in the flashback chamber of the IV catheter. What should the nurse perform next?
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lower the catheter until it is almost flush with the skin
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What is an important nursing action when converting an IV infusion to a saline lock?
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flush the IV catheter to confirm patency
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phlebitis
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inflammation of the vein
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what position should the patient be put in for suspected air embolism?
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left side trendelenburg
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syringes used to reduce risk of catheter rupture
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10-mL or larger
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smaller or larger syringe generate more pressure
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smaller syringe
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With a central venous access device in place, what should the nurse do to prevent lumen occlusion?
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clamp the extension tubing while removing a syringe from the injection cap
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catheter ideal for emergency situations where short-term central venous access is required for multiple therapies
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nontunneled percutaneous central catheter
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A nurse is preparing to obtain a blood sample from a patient who has a triple-lumen central catheter in place for multiple therapies. What is the appropriate action?
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turn off the distal infusions for 1-5 minutes before obtaining the blood sample
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how do you flush a catheter with a valved tip?
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use non-heparinized saline solution for the flush
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A nurse finds a patients's IV insertion site red, warm, and slightly edematous. What should the nurse do?
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Discontinue the IB line.
